环境可持续集装箱班轮运输管理研究综述

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2021.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 集装箱班轮运输业如何在追求成本经济性和服务可靠性的同时做好环境可持续性，对航运企业、港口运营商以及政府组织都提出了新的挑战。围绕集装箱班轮运输在环境层面实现可持续发展的目标，本文分别从战略、战术和运营等3个层面就措施、技术和规章制度等所做的研究进行文献综述、分析发展趋势。战略层面，从市场减排机制和政策的制定、绿色政策、技术及措施评估和企业竞争与合作等3个方面综述；战术层面，从控制油耗或碳排放的班轮运营优化、预调度式的绿色班轮运营优化和污染排放控制区的设立对班轮运营优化的影响等3个方面综述；在运营层面，从控制排放的集装箱调运和反应式的绿色班轮运营优化等两方面综述。按照决策水平、时间脉络和研究主题分析后发现，该领域的研究趋势变化与行业及政府的环境政策紧密关联。其次，从决策水平和问题类别来看，针对战术层决策的研究远多于针对战略和执行两层。第三，从决策主体来看，大部分研究以航运公司作为单独的决策主体。本文建议：继续在优化班轮运输中考虑多目标，将多目标优化作为决策手段可兼顾经济、环境以及社会责任，有利于航运可持续发展；结合行业实践提炼科学问题，国际航运、尤其班轮运输极易受到政策导向、世界经济环境的影响；从供应链角度研究集装箱班轮运输的可持续发展问题；为配合在运营层面的努力，还要研究通过技术途径或手段推动班轮运输业可持续发展；借鉴其他运输行业较为成熟的绿色环保发展思路促进班轮运输环境可持续发展。

关键词: 水路运输, 集装箱班轮运输, 环境可持续, 不确定性, 船舶排放, 运营管理

Abstract: The containier shipping management proposes a new challenge to shipping companies, port operators and governmental agencies on how to maintain high quality services and benefits while keep the development to be environmentally sustainable. This paper reviews the methods, technologies and regulations relevant to environmental sustainability of container liner shipping from the strategic, tactical and operational perspectives and identifies the future trends of this research topic. The strategic level review discusses the mechanisms and policies of emissions mitigation, green policies, technologies, measures, and corporate collaboration and competition regarding environmental sustainability of container liner shipping. At the tactical level, optimizing liner shipping, pre-scheduling green liner shipping and establishing emissions control areas are analyzed to minimize fuel consumption and emissions. The operational level review investigates the operations of container loading/unloading and the green-responsive liner shipping. The review indicates that the focus areas of the existing research are closely related to the industrial and governmental policies on environment. The research on tactical decision- making is more than the research on the strategic and operational issues. Most of the literatures take the shipping company as the major decision maker. Therecommendations of this paper include: (1) continue incorporating multiple objectives in liner shipping optimization and consider the economic, environmental and social factors to achieve a sustainable development of liner shipping; (2) establish scientific problems from the practice of liner shipping; the international shipping and particularly liner shipping is significantly affected by the policies of government and International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the global economic atmosphere; (3) Consider the global supply chains in the study of the environmentally sustainable container liner shipping problem; (4) explore the technological and operational methods to encourage the sustainable development of linear shipping; (5) Borrow the ideas or concepts of green development in other transport modes to promote the environmentally sustainable development of liner shipping.

Key words: waterway transportation, container transport, environmental sustainability, uncertainty, ship emissions; operation management

中图分类号:

U693

葛颖恩, 温馨. 环境可持续集装箱班轮运输管理研究综述[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2021, 21(4): 6-22.

GE Ying-en, WEN Xin. A Review of Environmentally Sustainable Container Liner Shipping Management[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2021, 21(4): 6-22.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2021.04.002

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V21/I4/6

参考文献

[1] CHENG T C E, FARAHANI R Z, LAI K H, et al. Sustainability in maritime supply chains: Changes and opportunities for theory and practice[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2015, 78: 1- 2, DOI: 10.1016/j.tre. 2015.03.007.

[2] International Maritime Organization. Third IMO Greenhouse gas study 2014[R]. London: IMO, 2015.

[3] ADAMOPOULOS A. IMO agrees to cut emissions by at least 50% by 2050 [N/OL]. Lloyd's List, (2018- 04- 13) [2019-03-04].

[4] LEE T, CHANG Y, LEE P. Economy-wide impact analysis of a carbon tax on international container shipping[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2013, 58: 87-102, DOI: 10.1016/j.tra. 2013.10.002.

[5] WANG K, FU X, LUO M. Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2015, 77: 35-49, DOI: 10.1016/j.tra. 2015.04.006.

[6] DAI W L, FU X, YIP T L, et al. Emission charge and liner shipping network configuration: An economic investigation of the Asia-Europe route[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2018, 110: 291-305, DOI: 10.1016/j. tra. 2017.12.005.

[7] ZHUGE D, WANG S, ZHEN L, et al. Subsidy design in a vessel speed reduction incentive program under government policies[J]. Naval Res Logistics, 2020: 1-15, DOI: 10.1002/nav. 21948.

[8] HAN B, PAN X, ZHOU Y. Government subsidies and revenue sharing decisions for port and shipping service supply chain in emission control areas[J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2020, DOI: 10.1155/2020/ 8892781.

[9] SHI Y. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping: Is it time to consider marketbased measures?[J]. Marine Policy, 2016, 64: 123-134, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2015. 11.013.

[10] RAHIM M M, ISLAM M T, KURUPPU S. Regulating global shipping corporations' accountability for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the seas[J]. Marine Policy, 2016, 69: 159-170, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol. 2016.04.018.

[11] XING H, SPENCE S, CHEN H. A comprehensive review on countermeasures for CO2 emissions from ships[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020(134), DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110222.

[12] SVANBERG M, ELLIS J, LUNDGREN J, et al. Renewable methanol as a fuel for the shipping industry [J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018 (94): 1217-1228.

[13] ABADIE L M, GOICOECHEA N. Powering newly constructed vessels to comply with ECA regulations under fuel market prices uncertainty: Diesel or dual fuel engine?[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2019, 67: 433-448, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2018.12.012.

[14] SCHINAS O, METZGER D. A pay-as-you-save model for the promotion of greening technologies in shipping greening technologies[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2019, 69: 184-195, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd. 2019.01.018.

[15] FAN L X, GU B M, LUO M F. A cost-benefit analysis of fuel-switching VS. hybrid scrubber installation: A container route through the Chinese SECA case[J]. Transport Policy, 2020, 99: 336- 344, DOI: 10.1016/j. tranpol.2020.09.008.

[16] BOUMAN E A, LINDSTAD E, RIALLAND A I, et al. State-of-the-art technologies, measures, and potential for reducing GHG emissions from shipping: A review[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2017, 52: 408- 421, DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.022.

[17] WAN Z, ABDEL E M, CHEN Y, TANG J. Decarbonizing the international shipping industry: Solutions and policy recommendations[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018, 126(2018): 428- 435, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.064.

[18] BALCOMBE P, BRIERLEY J, LEWIS C, et al. How to decarbonise international shipping: Options for fuels, technologies and policies[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 182: 72- 88, DOI: 10.1016/j. enconman.2018.12.080.

[19] YANG C S. An analysis of institutional pressures, green supply chain management, and green performance in the container shipping context[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 61: 246- 260, DOI:10.1016/j. trd.2017.07.005.

[20] YUEN K F, WANG X, WONG Y D, et al. Antecedents and outcomes of sustainable shipping practices: The integration of stakeholder and behavioural theories[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2017, 108: 18-35, DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2017.10.002.

[21] MALLIDIS I, DESPOUDI S, DEKKER R, et al. The impact of sulphur limit fuel regulations on maritime supply chain network design[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2018, 294: 677- 695, DOI: 10.1007/s10479- 018-2999-4.

[22] SHENG D, LI Z C, FU X, et al. Modeling the effects of unilateral and uniform emission regulations under shipping company and port competition[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2017, 101: 99-114, DOI: 10.10 16/j.tre.2017.03.004.

[23] PSARAFTIS H N, KONTOVAS C A. Speed models for energy-efficient maritime transportation: A taxonomy and survey[J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2013, 26: 331-351. DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2012.09.012.

[24] WANG S, MENG Q. Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2012, 48 (3): 701-714, DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2011.12.003.

[25] KARSTEN C V, ROPKE S, PISINGER D. Simultaneous optimization of container ship sailing speed and container routing with transit time restrictions[J]. Transportation Science, 2018, 52(4): 769-787, DOI: 10.1287/trsc.2018.0818.

[26] ZHEN L, WANG S, LAPORTE G, et al. Integrated planning of ship deployment, service schedule and container routing[J]. Computers and Operations Research, 2019, 104: 304- 318, DOI: 10.1016/j. cor.2018.12.022.

[27] WANG S, QU X, YANG Y. Estimation of the perceived value of transit time for containerized cargoes[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2015, 78: 298-308, DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2015.04.014.

[28] WANG S, WANG X. A polynomial-time algorithm for sailing speed optimization with containership resource sharing[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2016, 93: 394-405, DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2016.08.003.

[29] 吴暖, 王诺, 黄祺. 基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的班轮航线配船多目标优化[J]. 工业工程与管理, 2018, 23(1): 79- 85. [WU N, WANG N, HUANG Q. Multi- objective optimization of liner fleet deployment by means of improved NSGA- II algorithm[J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2018, 23(1): 79-85]

[30] YAO Z, NG S H, LEE L H. A study on bunker fuel management for the shipping liner services[J]. Computers & Operations Research, 2012, 39(5): 1160- 1172, DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2011.07.012.

[31] KONTOVAS C A. The green ship routing and scheduling problem (GSRSP): A conceptual approach[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2014, 31: 61-69, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.05.014.

[32] CORBETT J J, WANG H, WINEBRAKE J J. The effectiveness and costs of speed reductions on emissions from international shipping[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2009, 14(8): 593- 598, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd. 2009.08.005.

[33] CARIOU P, CHEAITOU A. The effectiveness of a European speed limit versus an international bunkerlevy to reduce CO2 emissions from container shipping[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2012, 17: 116- 123, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2011.10.003.

[34] PSARAFTIS H N, KONTOVAS C A. Ship speed optimization: Concepts, models and combined speedrouting scenarios[J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2014, 44: 52-69, DOI: 10.1016/j.trc. 2014.03.001.

[35] DULEBENETS M A. A comprehensive multi-objective optimization model for the vessel scheduling problem in liner shipping[J]. International Journal of Production Economics, 2018, 196: 293- 318, DOI: 10.1016/j. ijpe.2017.10.027.

[36] WEN M, PACINO D, KONTOVAS C A, et al. A multiple ship routing and speed optimization problem under time, cost and environmental objectives[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2017, 52: 303-321, DOI: 0.1016/j. trd.2017.03.009.

[37] WANG C, CHEN J. Strategies of refueling, sailing speed and ship deployment of containerships in the low-carbon background[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2017, 114: 142-150, DOI: 10.1016/j.cie.2017.10.012.

[38] DE A, WANG J, TIWARI M K. Hybridizing basic variable neighborhood search with particle swarm optimization for solving sustainable ship routing and bunker management problem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2019: 1- 12, DOI: 10.1109/TITS. 2019.2900490.

[39] 俞姗姗, 汪传旭. 不同碳排放调控政策下的船舶航速优化[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2015, 41(3): 45-50. [YU S S, WANG C X. Ship speed optimization under varied policies for carbon emissions regulation[J]. Journal ofDalian Maritime University, 2015, 41(3):45-50.]

[40] 邢玉伟, 杨华龙, 张燕. 考虑碳税成本的班轮航线配船与航速优化[J]. 上海海事大学学报, 2017, 38(4): 1-5. [XING Y W, YANG H L, ZHANG Y. Fleet deployment and speed optimization of liners considering carbon tax cost[J]. Journal of Shanghai Maritime University, 2017, 38(4): 1-5.]

[41] CARIOU P. Is slow steaming a sustainable means of reducing CO2 emissions from container shipping?[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2011, 16(3): 260- 264, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2010. 12.005.

[42] KONTOVAS C A, PSARAFTIS H N. Reduction of emissions along the maritime intermodal container chain [J]. Maritime Policy & Management, 2011, 38 (4): 455- 473, DOI: 10.1080/ 03088839. 2011.588262.

[43] LINDSTAD H, ASBJØRNSLETT B E, STRØMMAN A H. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and cost by shipping at lower speeds[J]. Energy Policy, 2011, 39 (6): 3456-3464, DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2011.03.044.

[44] WANG S, MENG Q. Liner ship route schedule design with sea contingency time and port time uncertainty[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2012, 46(5): 615- 633, DOI:10.1016/j.trb.2012. 01.003.

[45] WANG S, MENG Q. Robust schedule design for liner shipping services[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2012, 48(6): 1093-1106, DOI: 10. 1016/ j.tre.2012.04.007.

[46] AYDIN N, LEE H, MANSOURI S A. Speed optimization and bunkering in liner shipping in the presence of uncertain service times and time windows at ports[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 259(1): 143-154, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2016.10.002.

[47] QI X, SONG D P. Minimizing fuel emissions by optimizing vessel schedules in liner shipping with uncertain port times[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2012, 48(4): 863-880, DOI:10. 1016/j.tre.2012.02.001.

[48] SONG D P, LI D, DRAKE P. Multi-objective optimization for planning liner shipping service with uncertain port times[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2015, 84: 1- 22, DOI: 10.1016/j.tre. 2015.10.001.

[49] NORLUND E K, GRIBKOVSKAIA I, LAPORTE G. Supply vessel planning under cost, environment and robustness considerations[J]. Omega, 2015, 57: 271- 281, DOI: 10.1016/j. omega.2015.05.006.

[50] LEE C Y, LEE H L, ZHANG J H. The impact of slow ocean steaming on delivery reliability and fuel consumption[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2015, 76: 176-190, DOI: 10.1016/j.tre. 2015.02.004.

[51] ZHEN L, HU Y, WANG S, et al. Fleet deployment and demand fulfillment for container shipping liners[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2019, 120: 15-32, DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2018. 11.011.

[52] DE A, MAMANDURU VKR, G A, et al. Composite particle algorithm for sustainable integrated dynamic ship routing and scheduling optimization[J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2016, 96: 201- 215, DOI: 10.1016/j.cie.2016.04.002.

[53] WANG Y, MENG Q, JIA P. Optimal port call adjustment for liner container shipping routes[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2019, 128: 107- 128, DOI: 10.1016/j. trb.2019.07.015.

[54] DU Y Q, CHEN Q S, LAM J S L, et al. Modeling the impacts of tides and the virtual arrival policy in berth allocation[J]. Transportation Science, 2015, 49(4): 939- 956, DOI: 10.1287/ trsc.2014.0568.

[55] ZHEN L, SUN Q, ZHANG W, et al. Column generation for low carbon berth allocation under uncertainty[J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2020: 1-16.

[56] DOUDNIKOFF M, LACOSTE R. Effect of a speed reduction of containerships in response to higher energy costs in Sulphur Emission Control Areas[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2014, 28: 51-61, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.03.002.

[57] FAGERHOLT K, GAUSEL N T, RAKKE J G, et al. Maritime routing and speed optimization with emission control areas[J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2015, 52: 57-73, DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2014.12.010.

[58] FAGERHOLT K, PSARAFTIS H N. On two speed optimization problems for ships that sail in and out of emission control areas[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2015, 39(1): 56-64, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd. 2015.06.005.

[59] LINDSTAD H, SANDAAS I, STRØMMAN A H. Assessment of cost as a function of abatement options in maritime emission control areas[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2015, 38: 41- 48, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd. 2015.04.018.

[60] GU Y, WALLACE S W. Scrubber: A potentially overestimated compliance method for the emission control areas: The importance of involving a ship's sailing pattern in the evaluation[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2017, 55: 51-66, DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2017.06.024.

[61] HUA J, WU Y, CHEN H. Alternative fuel for sustainable shipping across the taiwan strait[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2017, 52: 254- 276, DOI: 10.1016/j. trd.2017.03.015.

[62] ADLAND R, FONNES G, JIA H, et al. The impact of regional environmental regulations on empirical vessel speeds[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2017, 53: 37- 49, DOI: 10.1016/ j.trd.2017.03.018.

[63] CHANG Y T, PARK H K, LEE S, et al. Have emission control areas (ECAs) harmed port efficiency in Europe? [J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 58: 39- 53, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.10.018.

[64] CHEN L, YIP T L, MOU J. Provision of emission controlarea and the impact on shipping route choice and ship emissions[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 58: 280-291, DOI: 10. 1016/j.trd.2017.07.003.

[65] LI L, GAO S, YANG W, et al. Ship's response strategy to emission control areas: From the perspective of sailing pattern optimization and evasion strategy selection[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2020, 133, DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.101835.

[66] CARIOU P, CHEAITOU A, LARBI R, et al. Liner shipping network design with emission control areas: A genetic algorithm-based approach[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 63: 604- 621, DOI: 10.1016/j. trd.2018.06.020.

[67] MA W H, LU T F, MA D F, et al. Ship route and speed multi-objective optimization considering weather conditions and emission control area regulations[J]. Maritime Policy & Management, 2020, DOI: 10.1080/ 03088839.2020.1825853.

[68] ZHEN L, WU Y W, WANG S, et al. Green technology adoption for fleet deployment in a shipping network[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2020, 139: 388- 410, DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2020.06.004.

[69] ZHUGE D, WANG S, ZHEN L, et, al. Schedule design for liner services under vessel speed reduction incentive programs[J]. Naval Research Logistics, 2020, 67: 45-62.

[70] REINHARDT L B, PISINGER D, SIGURD M M, et al. Speed optimizations for liner networks with business constraints[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2020, 285: 1127- 1140, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor. 2020.02. 043.

[71] ZHEN L, HU Z, YAN R, et al. Route and speed optimization for liner ships under emission control polices [J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2020, 110: 330- 345, DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.11.004.

[72] DONG G, LEE P T W. Environmental effects of emission control areas and reduced speed zones on container ship operation[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 274, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122582.

[73] WANG S, ZHUGE D, ZHEN L, et al. Liner shipping service planning under sulfur emission regulations[J]. Transportation Science, 2021, 55(2): 491-509.

[74] ZHUGE D, WANG S, WANG D Z W. A joint liner ship path, speed and deployment problem under emission reduction measures[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2021, 144: 155-173, DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2020.12.006.

[75] AMMAR N R. An environmental and economic analysis of methanol fuel for a cellular container ship[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2019, 69: 66-76, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2019. 02.001.

[76] YANG D, PAN K, WANG S. On service network improvement for shipping lines under the one belt one road initiative of China[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2018(117): 82–95, DOI: 10.1016 /j.tre.2017.07.003.

[77] YANG D, JIANG L, ADOLF. One Belt One Road, but several routes: A case study of new emerging trade corridors connecting the Far East to Europe[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2018(117): 190- 204. DOI: 10.1016/j.tra. 2018.08.001.

[78] WEN X, MA H, CHOI T, et al. Impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative on the China-Europe trading route selections[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2019(122): 581-604, DOI: 10.1016/j.tre. 2019.01.006.

[79] PAN J, BELL M, CHEUNG K, et al. Identifying container shipping network bottlenecks along China's maritime silk road based on a spectral analysis[J]. Maritime Policy & Management, 2020, DOI: 10. 1080/03088839. 2020. 1841312.

[80] ZHANG Y, JIN Y, SHEN B. Measuring the energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction potential under China's Belt and Road Initiative[J]. Computational Economics, 2020 (55): 1095-1116, DOI: 10. 1007/s10614-018-9839-0.

[81] XIN X, WANG X, MA L, et al. Shipping network designinfrastructure investment joint optimization model: A case study of West Africa[J]. Maritime Policy & Management, 2021, DOI: 10.1080/03088839.2021. 1930225.

[82] GONG Y, LI K, CHEN S, et al. Contagion risk between the shipping freight and stock markets: Evidence from the recent US- China trade war[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2020(136): 101900, DOI: 10.1016/j. tre.2020.101900.

[83] 王列辉, 叶斐, 郑渊博. 中美集装箱航运网络格局演化与脆弱性评估[J]. 经济地理, 2020, 40(5): 136- 144. DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.05.015. [WANG L H, YE F, ZHENG Y B. The assessment of Sino-US container shipping network evolution and vulnerability[J]. Economic Geography, 2020, 40(5): 136-144, DOI: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2020.05.015.]

[84] SONG D P, DONG J X. Long- haul liner service route design with ship deployment and empty container repositioning[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2013, 55: 188-211, DOI: 10. 1016/j.trb.2013.06.012.

[85] AKYÜZ M H, LEE C Y. Service type assignment and container routing with transit time constraints and empty container repositioning for liner shipping service networks[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2016, 88: 46-71, DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2016.02.007.

[86] 胡坚堃, 彭子良, 黄有方. 集装箱班轮服务网络优化和货运路径设计[J]. 上海海事大学学报, 2018, 39(3): 1- 5, 40. [HU J K, PENG Z L, HUANG Y F. Container liner shipping service network optimization and freight transport routing [J]. Journal of Shanghai Maritime University, 2018, 39(3): 1-5, 40.]

[87] SONG D P, XU J. An operational activity-based methodto estimate CO2 emissions from container shipping considering empty container repositioning[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2012, 17(1): 91- 96, DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2011.586095.

[88] 沈二乐, 汪传旭, 许长延. 低碳化背景下海运集装箱空箱调租优化[J]. 大连海事大学学报, 2015, 41(4): 90- 95. [SHEN E L, WANG C X, XU C Y. Optimizing empty container relocation and rent in the context of low-carbon maritime transportation [J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2015, 41(4): 90-95.]

[89] GOH S H. The impact of foldable ocean containers on back haul shippers and carbon emissions[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2019, 67: 514- 527, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2019.01. 003.

[90] QIU X, WONG E Y C, LAM J S L. Evaluating economic and environmental value of liner vessel sharing along the maritime silk road[J]. Maritime Policy & Management, 2018, 45(3): 336- 350, DOI: 10. 1080/ 03088839.2018.1437285.

[91] IRANNEZHAD E, PRATO C G, HICKMAN M. The effect of cooperation among shipping lines on transport costs and pollutant emissions[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2018, 65: 312- 323, DOI: 10.1016/j. trd.2018.09.008.

[92] LI C, QI X T, LEE C Y. Disruption recovery for a vessel in liner shipping[J]. Transportation Science, 2015, 49(4): 900-921, DOI: 10.1287/trsc.2015.0589.

[93] LI C, QI X T, SONG D P. Real-time schedule recovery in liner shipping service with regular uncertainties and disruption events[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2016, 93: 762-788, DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2015.10.004.

[94] CHERAGHCHI F, ABUALHAOL I, FALCON R, et al. Modeling the speed-based vessel schedule recovery problem using evolutionary multiobjective optimization [J]. Information Sciences, 2018, 448-449: 53-74, DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2018.03.013.

[95] 邢江波. 集装箱班轮运输船期表设计优化及实时干扰恢复[D]. 大连: 大连海事大学, 2018. [XING J B. Vessel schedule design optimization and real-time disruption recovery in container liner shipping [D]. Dalian: Dalian Maritime University, 2018.]

[96] BROUER B D, DIRKSEN J, PISINGER D, et al. The vessel schedule recovery problem (VSRP): A MIP model for handling disruptions in liner shipping[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2013, 224(2): 362-374, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2012.08.016.

[97] MULDER J, DEKKER R. Designing robust liner shipping schedules: Optimizing recovery actions and buffer times[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2019, 272: 132- 146, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor. 2018.05.066.

[98] DE A, WANG J, TIWARI M K. Fuel bunker management strategies within sustainable container shipping operation considering disruption and recovery policies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2019: 1-23, DOI: 10.1109/TEM.2019.2923342.

[99] LINDSTAD H, REHN C, ESKELAND G. Sulphur abatement globally in maritime shipping[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2017(57): 303-313, DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.028.

[100] HALFF A, YOUNESB L, BOERSMA T. The likely implications of the new IMO standards on the shipping industry[J]. Energy Policy, 2019(126): 277- 286, DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.033.

[101] MAITRA D, CHANDRA S, DASH S. Liner shipping industry and oil price volatility: Dynamic connectedness and portfolio diversification[J]. Transportation Research Part E, 2020(138): 101962, DOI: 10.1016/j. tre.2020.101962.

[102] NOTTEBOOM T, PALLIS T, RODRIGUE J. Disruptions and resilience in global container shipping and ports: The COVID-19 pandemic versus the 2008—2009 financial crisis[J]. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 2021 (23): 179-210, DOI:10.1057/s41278-020-00180-5.

[103] XU L, YANG S, CHEN J, et al. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on port performance: Evidence from China[J]. Ocean and Coastal Management, DOI: 10.1016/j. ocecoaman.2021.105660.

[104] NARASIMHA P, JENA P, MAJHI R. Impact of COVID- 19 on the Indian seaport transportation and maritime supply chain[J]. Transport Policy, 2021(110): 191- 203, DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021. 05.011.

[105] CHOQEUT A, SAM A. Ports closed to cruise ships in the context of COVID-19: What choices are there for coastal states?[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2021(86): 103066, DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2020.103066.