关键词: 城市交通, 线路规划, 自适应大邻域搜索算法, 定制公交, 空间扇区化

Abstract: Large passenger hubs often face short-term surges of dispersive feeder demand, which can lead to accumulated detours and cross-area route interweaving, making customized bus routes difficult to organize and operate. This study proposes a static route planning method for hub-oriented customized buses by introducing a sector-based compactness constraint. Given candidate stops, stop-level demand, and road-network distance/time matrices, the study proposes a planning model that minimizes system wide total cost, including fixed route cost, distance-based operating cost, and in-vehicle time cost, while controlling detours through a detour-ratio constraint. To further suppress cross-sector interweaving and enhance route-shape controllability and operational stability, the study uses a sector-based compactness constraint to limit the azimuth coverage arc length of each route with respect to the hub. A region-aware Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) is conducted by sorting stops by bearing angles. Then, a "sector-boundary-prioritized" destroy operator and a region-aware greedy insertion repair operator are adopted, and local refinement is performed via 2-opt and inter-route relocation moves. A case study of Jinan Railway Station shows that, with a maximum angular-span threshold of 60°, the method yields 19 routes with a total cost of 175.3 thousand yuan, total mileage of 306.39 km, total operating time of 735.34 min, and a mean detour ratio of 1.08. Compared to the baseline without the compactness constraint, the maximum detour ratio decreases from 4.88 to 2.73, the mean angular span drops from 61.58° to 27.85°, and the average number of sector transitions reduces to 0.16 per route. The results demonstrate that sector-based compact organization can significantly improve route morphology and mitigate extreme detours without compromising service coverage.

Key words: urban transportation, route planning, Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm, customized bus, spatial sectorization