Abstract: The promotion of electric vehicles brings new opportunities to energy conservation and emission reduction. However, due to the differences in their dynamic systems, it also highlights a problem of high energy consumption of electric vehicles if the operation mode and driving habits of traditional fuel vehicles continue to be used. To increase inbound energy recovery and reduce outbound energy consumption, two eco- driving strategies were established by considering the actual inbound and outbound velocity mode. Firstly, natural driving data of electric bus rapid transit (E-BRT) was collected and the differences in energy consumption between electric and gasoline buses were analyzed. Secondly, the actual inbound and outbound velocity mode was deeply analyzed, and five driving strategies that consider driving mode in the process of entering and leaving stops were established separately. By comparing the energy consumption rate, the inbound and outbound eco-driving strategies were determined. Thirdly, an eco-driving strategy based on a NSGA-II was established based on the driving mode. Finally, the energy-saving benefits of the two strategies were verified using the actual inbound and outbound data under the three driving styles. The energy saving rate of the eco-driving strategies based on driving mode and NSGA-II is 17.04%/23.58%, 14.76%/21.48%, and 5.78%/ 13.21% for energy-consuming, general, and energy-saving driving styles, respectively. The proposed strategy demonstrated the highest energy-saving rate for energy-consuming driving styles, followed by general styles, and the lowest for energy-efficient driving styles. Compared to the eco-driving strategy based on driving mode, the strategy based on NSGA-II exhibited a 7.89% reduction in energy consumption.

Key words: urban traffic, eco-driving strategy, multi-objective optimization, electric bus, entering and leaving stops, velocity mode

摘要： 新能源汽车的大力推广给节能减排带来新机遇的同时，也突显出由于动力系统与传统燃油车存在差异，驾驶人延用传统燃油车的操作方式与驾驶习惯引起电动汽车能耗高的问题。为增加进站能量回收，减少出站能量消耗，本文考虑实际进出站速度模式建立进出站生态驾驶策略。首先，采集纯电动快速公交自然驾驶数据，分析其与燃油公交车的能量消耗差异性。其次，剖析实际进出站速度模式，并基于此分别建立5种考虑速度模式的进站减速策略和出站加速策略，对比能源消耗率分别确定进站和出站生态驾驶策略。之后，在基于速度模式生态驾驶策略的基础上，建立基于快速基因非支配排序的遗传算法(NSGA-II)的生态驾驶策略。最后，利用3种驾驶风格下的实际进出站数据验证两种生态驾驶策略的节能效益。结果发现，基于速度模式和NSGA-II 的生态驾驶策略对耗能型、一般型和节能型这 3 种驾驶风格的节能率分别为 17.04%/23.58%、14.76%/21.48%和5.78%/13.21%，提出的策略对于耗能型驾驶风格的节能率最高，其次为一般型，对节能型驾驶风格的节能率最低。基于 NSGA-II 的策略比基于速度模式的策略节能7.89%。

关键词: 城市交通, 生态驾驶策略, 多目标优化, 纯电动公交, 进出站, 速度模式