Drone Delivery: A Systematic Review on Technology,
Efficiency, and Applications

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.004

Abstract

Abstract: With the rapid development of e-commerce and a surge in demand for instant delivery, drone delivery, as an innovative solution in the logistics sector, is driving profound transformations in the logistics system. This paper synthesizes findings from 74 relevant articles published between 2015 and 2024, comprehensively examining drone delivery research advancements across key dimensions including critical technologies, economic benefits, environmental sustainability, application potential, and system synergy. The results indicate that drone delivery primarily relies on path planning algorithms, energy management, and multi-drone collaboration as its core technologies. Related optimization research has evolved from single-objective to multi-objective coordination, with algorithms transitioning from classical heuristics to intelligent approaches, effectively reducing solution time and optimizing costs. However, nonlinear effects of payload and wind resistance, along with adaptability to harsh weather conditions, remain bottlenecks. In terms of economic benefits, drone-vehicle collaborative systems can significantly reduce customer waiting time, delivery costs, and labor demands through optimized path planning and resource scheduling. Integration with public transit systems (bus/subway) effectively expands service coverage while reducing energy consumption. Multi-objective optimization models dynamically balance energy consumption, cost, and timeliness to further enhance synergistic benefits. Nevertheless, economic viability remains constrained by payload and range limitations, showing greater advantages in short distance, lightweight deliveries, particularly for emergency cargo deliveries. Environmental benefit analyses demonstrate that the operational phase of drone delivery exhibits significantly lower carbon emissions than traditional transportation methods, though a comprehensive lifecycle assessment encompassing manufacturing, operation, and recycling phases is required. Regarding applications, drone delivery technology demonstrates unique value in medical supply distribution, emergency logistics, and urban "last- mile" delivery, with particular advantages in remote areas and urgent emergency scenarios. However, challenges persist regarding safety risks, technological innovation gaps, limited social acceptance, and imperfect policy regulations. Future research should prioritize battery technology breakthroughs, intelligent path planning optimization, privacy/security safeguards, and cross regional policy coordination to accelerate drone delivery commercialization.

Key words: logistics engineering, economic and environmental benefits, systematic review, drone delivery, future research directions

摘要： 随着电子商务快速发展和即时配送需求的激增，无人机配送作为物流领域的新型解决方案，正引发物流体系的深刻变革。本文系统回顾2015—2024年间发表的74篇相关文献，从关键技术、经济效益、环境可持续性、应用潜力和系统协同等维度，全面梳理无人机配送的研究进展。研究表明，无人机配送主要依赖路径规划算法、能源管理和多机协同等关键技术。相关优化研究已从单一目标优化向多目标协同演进，算法从经典启发式向智能算法发展，能有效减少求解时间和优化成本。但载重和风力的非线性影响，以及恶劣天气适应性仍是瓶颈。无人机配送在提升物流效率、降低配送成本和减少碳排放方面具有显著优势。在经济效益方面，无人机与车辆协同配送系统可通过优化路径规划和资源调度，显著缩短客户等待时间、降低配送成本及人力需求；与公共交通（公交/地铁）系统整合，能有效扩大覆盖服务范围并降低能耗；通过多目标优化模型，动态平衡能耗、成本与时效的关系，进一步提升协同效益；但其经济性受限于载重与航程，在短途轻载和应急货物配送更具优势。环境效益分析表明，无人机配送阶段的碳排放水平明显低于传统运输方式，但需综合考虑其全生命周期环境影响，包括制造、运营和回收等环节。应用层面，无人机配送在医疗物资配送、应急物流和城市“最后一公里”配送等领域展现出独特价值，在偏远地区和紧急场景下优势突出。然而，该技术仍面临安全风险、技术创新不足、社会认知局限和政策法规不完善等挑战。未来研究应聚焦电池技术突破、智能路径规划优化、隐私安全保护机制和跨区域政策协调，加速无人机配送的商业化应用进程。

关键词: 物流工程, 经济与环保效益, 系统综述, 无人机配送, 未来研究方向

CLC Number:

F252
V355

WU Jingqiong, DIAN Ran, ZI Taisheng, LI Yunqi. Drone Delivery: A Systematic Review on Technology, Efficiency, and Applications[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(6): 34-49.

伍景琼, 奠然, 字太升, 李云起. 无人机配送研究：关于技术、效益及应用的系统综述[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(6): 34-49.

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Drone Delivery: A Systematic Review on Technology, Efficiency, and Applications

无人机配送研究：关于技术、效益及应用的系统综述

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