考虑机会充电与行程时间可靠性的区域多车型电动公交调度优化

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2024.04.015

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2024, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 151-165.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2024.04.015

考虑机会充电与行程时间可靠性的区域多车型电动公交调度优化

姚恩建^1a,1b，王鑫^1b，刘莎莎^*1a,1b，杨扬^1a,1b，李成²

1. 北京交通大学，a.综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室，b.交通运输学院，北京100044； 2. 交通运输部科学研究院，城市公共交通智能化交通运输行业重点实验室，北京100029

收稿日期:2024-05-23 修回日期:2024-07-17 接受日期:2024-07-22 出版日期:2024-08-25 发布日期:2024-08-22
作者简介:姚恩建(1971- )，男，贵州遵义人，教授，博士。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金 (52172312, 52302382)；交通运输部科学研究院，城市公共交通智能化交通运输行业重点实验室开放课题 (2022-APTS-03)。

Regional Electric Bus Scheduling Optimization with Multiple Vehicle Types Considering Opportunity Charging and Travel Time Reliability

YAOEnjian^1a,1b,WANG Xin^1b,LIU Shasha^*1a,1b,YANG Yang^1a,1b,LI Cheng²

1a. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, 1b. School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Science, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2024-05-23 Revised:2024-07-17 Accepted:2024-07-22 Online:2024-08-25 Published:2024-08-22
Supported by:
NationalNaturalScienceFoundation of China (52172312, 52302382)；Open Research Fund from Laboratory of Advanced Public Transportation Science (APTS Lab) of ChinaAcademy of Transportation Sciences (2022-APTS-03)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高电动公交系统运营效率，降低运营成本，本文提出一种考虑机会充电和行程时间可靠性的电动公交调度优化方法。首先，基于区域调度场景，提出在线路始末站配备快速充电桩，利用车次接续时间进行机会充电的策略；然后，考虑行程时间的随机波动，以表征特定可靠性的预留行程时间作为模型输入生成调度方案，同时，将发车延误成本纳入目标函数中，综合考虑公交企业从规划到运营阶段的整体效益，构建以总成本最小为目标的区域多车型电动公交调度优化模型，针对模型特点，设计自适应大邻域搜索算法进行求解；最后，以北京市大兴区4条公交线路为例，验证模型和算法的有效性。结果表明：基于本文方法得到的最优调度方案相较于传统单线路单车型调度方案，能使企业日均总成本下降37.93%，平均每辆车的发车延误时长减少5.63 min，说明本文所提方法能有效降低企业成本，提升公交系统可靠性。相较于不考虑机会充电和行程时间可靠性的区域多车型运营模式，本文最优方案能使总成本下降28.67%。此外，通过灵敏度分析，建议公交企业以240kW的充电功率进行快速充电资源的配置，以90%的行程时间可靠性进行电动公交调度方案的编制。

关键词: 城市交通, 区域调度, 自适应大邻域搜索, 电动公交, 机会充电, 行程时间可靠性

Abstract: In order to improve the operating efficiency and reduce the operating cost of electric bus systems, this paper proposes an electric bus scheduling optimization method that considers opportunity charging and travel time reliability. Firstly, based on the regional scheduling scenario, a strategy of equipping fast-charging piles at the beginning and end stations of the lines and utilizing the succession time for opportunity charging is proposed. Then, considering the stochastic fluctuation of travel time, the reserved travel time characterizing the specific reliability is used as the model input to generate the scheduling scheme, and the departure delay cost is incorporated into the objective function. Considering the overall benefit from the planning to operation stages, a regional multi-model electric bus scheduling optimization model aiming at the minimum total cost was constructed, and an adaptive large-neighborhood search algorithm was designed to solve the model. Finally, four bus lines in the Daxing District of Beijing are taken as examples to verify the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm. The results show that compared with the traditional single-route single-vehicle type scheduling scheme, the optimal scheme based on the proposed method can reduce the daily average cost of bus companies by 37.93%, and the average departure delay time of each vehicle is reduced by 5.63 minutes, which indicates that the proposed method can effectively reduce the cost of enterprises and improve the reliability of public transportation system. Compared with the regional multi-vehicle operation model without considering the opportunity charging strategy and travel time reliability, the optimal scheme in this paper can reduce the total cost by 28.67%. In addition, through the sensitivity analysis, it is suggested that the bus companies should configure the fast-charging resources with 240 kW charging power and prepare the electric bus scheduling scheme with 90% travel time reliability.

Key words: urban traffic, regional scheduling, adaptive large neighborhood search, electric bus, opportunity charging, travel time reliability

中图分类号:

U121

姚恩建, 王鑫, 刘莎莎, 杨扬, 李成. 考虑机会充电与行程时间可靠性的区域多车型电动公交调度优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024, 24(4): 151-165.

YAOEnjian, WANG Xin, LIU Shasha, YANG Yang, LI Cheng. Regional Electric Bus Scheduling Optimization with Multiple Vehicle Types Considering Opportunity Charging and Travel Time Reliability[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(4): 151-165.

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考虑机会充电与行程时间可靠性的区域多车型电动公交调度优化

Regional Electric Bus Scheduling Optimization with Multiple Vehicle Types Considering Opportunity Charging and Travel Time Reliability

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