中国上市航空公司产能效率及影响因素研究

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在碳排放约束下，提升自身产能效率，在市场竞争中获得优势，是航空公司管理者当前普遍关注的问题。基于2017—2021年中国6家上市航空公司的面板数据，将CO2排放量作为非期望产出纳入指标体系，采用视窗网络DDF(Directional Distance Function)模型测算产能效率，将产能无效分解为技术无效和产能利用无效，进一步识别中国上市航空公司产能效率低下的关键制约因素，并采用面板回归-门槛效应双重机制重点探究在股权集中度调节作用下政府补贴对上市航空公司产能效率的影响。结果表明：碳排放约束下中国6家上市航空公司的产能效率普遍不高，受技术水平和产能利用情况的共同影响；所有上市航空公司均需减少飞机在飞行过程中的碳排放量；不同影响因素对中国上市航空公司产能效率的影响具有异质性，政府补贴、股权集中度、企业年龄以及飞行时长是中国上市航空公司产能效率提高的关键驱动因素；在股权集中度调节作用下，政府补贴对上市航空公司产能效率的影响存在单门槛调节效应，股权集中度小于等于86.79%时仍然保持促进作用，大于86.79%时转变为抑制作用。因此，上市航空公司应加强技术创新，优化投入资源配置，合理控制股权集中度；政府应赋能技术升级，推动节能降碳，优化补贴发放机制。

关键词: 航空运输, 产能效率, 方向距离函数, 航空公司, 影响因素, 门槛效应

Abstract: Under carbon emission constraints, enhancing capacity efficiency to gain a competitive edge in the market has become a common focus among airline executives. This paper selects the panel data of 6 listed airlines in China from 2017 to 2021, incorporates carbon emissions as an undesirable output into the indicator system, and uses a window-based network DDF (Directional Distance Function) model to measure the capacity efficiency of listed airlines. Capacity inefficiency is decomposed into technical inefficiency and capacity utilization inefficiency to identify the key constraints behind the low capacity efficiency of listed airlines in China. Additionally, the dual methodology of panel regression and threshold effect analysis is used to investigate the impact of government subsidies on the capacity efficiency of listed airlines under the regulatory effect of equity concentration. The results show that the capacity efficiency of the 6 listed Chinese airlines under carbon emission constraints is generally low, jointly influenced by both technological level and capacity utilization. All listed airlines need to reduce carbon emissions during flight operations. The impacts of various factors on the capacity efficiency of Chinese listed airlines exhibit heterogeneity, with government subsidies, ownership concentration, enterprise age, and flight hours are the key driving factors in improving capacity efficiency of listed airlines in China. Furthermore, under the regulatory effect of equity concentration, the impact of government subsidies on the capacity efficiency of listed airlines exhibits a single-threshold regulatory effect, which maintains a promoting effect when the ownership concentration is less than or equal to 86.79%, but becomes an inhibitory effect when it is greater than 86.79%. Therefore, listed airlines should advance technological innovation, optimize input allocation, and maintain a reasonable level of ownership concentration. The government should facilitate technological upgrades, foster energy conservation and carbon reduction, and optimize the subsidy allocation mechanism.

Key words: air transportation, capacity efficiency, directional distance function, airline company, influencing factor, threshold effect

中图分类号:

F562.6

刘丹, 林杉杉, 郑宇婷. 中国上市航空公司产能效率及影响因素研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(6): 13-22.

LIU Dan, LIN Shanshan, ZHENG Yuting. Capacity Efficiency and Influencing Factors Study of Chinese Listed Airlines[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(6): 13-22.

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链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.002

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V25/I6/13

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