考虑即时零售订单的城乡公交响应式客货联运调度

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.03.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为缓解农村物流“最后一公里”难题，拓展即时零售服务范围，本文提出考虑即时零售订单的分区域交替响应式城乡公交客货联运调度方法。利用现有城乡公交固定线路资源进行普通快递与即时零售订单的配送，将乡村运营区段划分为若干区域并设计交替响应机制，以集聚客货需求、提升公交运输覆盖率。针对即时零售订单配送时效的差异，引入考虑车辆实时状态的加急程度系数，对订单配送顺序进行动态调整；构建行驶里程最小化的混合整数规划调度模型，设计综合自适应大邻域搜索与变邻域搜索的混合算法；以江苏省淮安市城乡公交H22为例，模拟不同运输强度。结果表明：客货联运两种场景下（客流适中，货量适中；客流较少，货量较大），在保证乘客出行的前提下，相比纯客运情景，能增加货物配送收入分别占总收入的39.5%和72.1%，提升总收入；即时零售订单加急调度与运价调节策略能够分别提升6.35%和6.14%的总收入；分区域交替响应策略能够有效减少16.9%和18.6%的行驶距离，缩短乘客平均延误时间，适宜在客流量较低时采用。

关键词: 智能交通, 客货联运, 加急系数, 城乡公交, 需求响应式, 即时零售

Abstract: To address the "last-mile" challenge in rural logistics and expand the service scope of instant retail, this paper proposes a scheduling method for urban-rural bus of passenger-freight co-transport based on a zonal alternating response mechanism, considering the instant retail orders. A delivery model is developed to leverage the existing fixed-route resources of urban-rural buses to transport both standard express packages and instant retail orders. The rural operating segment was partitioned into several zones with an alternating response mechanism designed to aggregate passenger and freight demand and enhance transport coverage. To account for variations in delivery timelines, this study uses an urgency coefficient to characterize the degree of priority, enabling the dynamic adjustment of delivery sequences. A mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize the total mileage, and a hybrid algorithm combining Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search and Variable Neighborhood Search is designed for the solution. Taking Route H22 in Huaiyin District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province as a case study, the study performed simulations under varying transportation intensities. Two passenger-freight co-transport scenarios were examined: moderate passenger demand with moderate freight flow, and low passenger demand with high freight flow. The results indicate that under two passenger-freight co-transport scenarios, the additional freight revenue accounted for 39.5% and 72.1% of the total income respectively, while ensuring passenger service quality. This demonstrates that the integration can effectively utilize spare bus capacity to boost total revenue. Furthermore, the expedited delivery strategy for instant retail orders increased the total revenue by 6.35% and 6.14%, respectively. The zonal alternating response strategy effectively reduced the mileage by 16.9% and 18.6%, and shortened average passenger delays, with its advantages suitable for adoption during periods of low passenger flow.

Key words: intelligent transportation, passenger-freight co-transport, urgency coefficient, urban-rural transit, demand response, instant retail

中图分类号:

姜晓红, 仲韫豪, 肖靖沂, 邢吉平, 李家伟, 华晶雯. 考虑即时零售订单的城乡公交响应式客货联运调度[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2026, 26(3): 156-165.

JIANG Xiaohong, ZHONG Yunhao, XIAO Jingyi, XING Jiping, LI Jiawei, HUA Jingwen. Demand Responsive Urban-Rural Bus Passenger-Freight Co-transport Scheduling for Instant Retail Orders[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2026, 26(3): 156-165.

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链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.03.015

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V26/I3/156

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