关键词: 物流工程, 协同取货, 动态调度, 货运公交, 需求响应, 众包骑手

Abstract: To extend the service scope of instant retail in rural areas and improve timeliness, this paper proposes a collaborative pickup strategy which integrates demand-responsive freight buses and crowdsourced couriers. Orders are uniformly delivered to the urban-rural bus passenger-freight-mail integration terminals, where the urban-rural buses perform the last-mile delivery to achieve half-day delivery. First, an offset distance threshold is set based on the spatial distribution of orders to assign scattered orders to couriers, while the freight buses focus on high-density areas to reduce detours. Second, an order transshipment consolidation strategy is introduced, using fixed stops as transfer nodes to consolidate multi-vehicle tasks into a single vehicle, thereby avoiding empty backhauls. Third, a two-stage scheduling model is formulated with the objective of minimizing total pickup cost, and is solved by a genetic algorithm with variable neighborhood search (GA-VNS). Finally, a case study is conducted in the Dongshan area of Jiangning District, Nanjing, with small, medium, and large order scales. The results show that under the large-scale orders, the collaborative pickup mode reduces the total cost by 7.6% and travel distance by 12.2% compared with the single pickup mode, demonstrating significant effectiveness. The transshipment consolidation strategy is particularly suitable for the early stages of rural instant retail development: under the small-scale orders, it increases the load factor by 32% and reduces empty backhaul trips. The adaptive adjustment of delivery time windows and batching intervals can effectively balance the timeliness and operational costs.

Key words: logistics engineering, collaborative pickup, dynamic scheduling, freight bus, demand response, crowdsourced couriers