Abstract: In nowadays, urban traffic congestion has become a key factor influencing the rapid social economic development, and how to reasonably distribute all kinds of resources asand balance supply and demand of urban transportation are the significantly important issues for urban sustainable development. Through summing up the contents and classifications of travel costs, this paper analyzes the impacts of different types of travel costs on travel structure. Furthermore, an investigation, relating to the impact on car use for travel costs, is carried out; the results and conclusions are analyzed and evaluated as well. Finally, the paper points out that the economic measures, which can control the average travel costs of private cars, play important roles in controlling the use of private cars, improving the urban traffic structure, adjusting the traffic demands, and eventually alleviating urban traffic congestion.

Key words: urban traffic ； travel cost, travel structure, parking price adjustment

摘要： 城市交通拥堵已成为影响社会经济快速发展需要重点面对的问题，如何配置各类资源平衡城市交通的供需关系是城市可持续发展面临的最为重要的问题之一.本文通过梳理交通出行成本的内涵与分类，分析了不同种类的出行成本对出行结构的影响机理.同时在北京市针对出行成本对小汽车的使用影响开展了相关调查，并对调查结果进行了分析评估，最后指出,通过经济手段调控小汽车使用的平均出行成本，是调整小汽车的使用，改善城市交通结构、调控交通需求、最终达到缓解城市交通拥堵问题的重要手段.

关键词: 城市交通, 出行成本, 出行结构, 停车价格调整