关键词: 城市交通, 列车能耗特征, 实测数据分析, 地铁列车, 分项能耗

Abstract: This paper analyzes the energy consumption composition for metro trains and identifies the major factors that closely related to the train energy consumption. The energy consumption data included the instant traction energy consumption, auxiliary energy consumption and regenerative energy consumption, which was collected through the onboard train equipment from Beijing metro lines 6, 8 and 13. The electricity consumption was recorded by the electricity meters at metro substations. The analysis results show that: (1) 38% to 60% of the energy consumed by the traction system is used to overcome train resistance and compensate the loss of motor efficiency; the auxiliary equipment energy consumption accounts for 9% to 20% of total train energy consumption. Regenerative energy accounts for approximately 20% to 49% of train energy consumption. (2) The factors influencing the unit traction energy consumption (traction energy consumption per vehicle kilometer) mainly include station spacing, track alignment, train characteristics, running speed, and passenger loading rate. With the average length of the station spacing decreases, the unit traction energy consumption increases exponentially. The track alignment design of stations that are higher than sections helps to reduce train energy consumption. The trains have relatively lighter weight, lower resistance, and higher motor efficiency tend to consume less energy. The application of proper types of trains might reduce up to 10% of unit energy consumption. Higher running speed results in more train energy consumption. In this regard, the average running speed can be reduced appropriately during the off-peak period for energy saving purpose. The traction energy consumption might be reduced by 2% if the passenger loading rate is reduced by 10%. (3) The influencing factors ofregenerative energy consumption mainly include station spacing and initial braking speed. The regenerative energy generation increases when the station spacings are short but the kinetic energy loss caused by the low- speed friction becomes higher in this case, which result in overall higher energy consumption. (4) The influencing factors of auxiliary electricity consumption mainly include temperature and passenger volume. The auxiliary energy consumption generally increases with the temperature and passenger volume. The impact of temperature on the auxiliary energy consumption is insignificant in underground metro lines compared to ground and elevated metro lines.

Key words: urban traffic, characteristics of train energy consumption, empirical data analysis, metro trains, itemized energy consumption