隧道地下合流区驾驶人视觉特性及其对行车安全的影响

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.03.009

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 93-102.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.03.009

隧道地下合流区驾驶人视觉特性及其对行车安全的影响

焦方通^1,2,3，郭佩佩¹，王殿海⁴，杜志刚⁵，国洪奇¹，孙锋^*1,2,3

1. 山东理工大学，交通与车辆工程学院，山东淄博255000；2.山东省新能源车辆集成设计与智能化重点实验室，山东淄博255000；3.山东省智慧城市云脑技术重点实验室，山东淄博255000；4.浙江大学，建筑工程学院，智能交通研究所，杭州310058；5.武汉理工大学，交通与物流工程学院，武汉430063

收稿日期:2025-12-24 修回日期:2026-02-11 接受日期:2026-03-06 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-22
作者简介:焦方通（1992—），男，山东淄博人，副教授，博士。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金 (52302437)；山东省自然科学基金面上项目 (ZR2025MS1144)。

Driver Visual Characteristics in Underpass Tunnel Merging Areas and Impact on Driving Safety

JIAO Fangtong^1,2,3, GUO Peipei¹, WANG Dianhai⁴, DU Zhigang⁵, GUO Hongqi¹, SUN Feng^*1,2,3

1. School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China; 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and Intelligence of New Energy Vehicles, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China; 3. Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent City Cloud Brain Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China; 4. Institute of Intelligent Transportation System, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 5. School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China

Received:2025-12-24 Revised:2026-02-11 Accepted:2026-03-06 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-06-22
Supported by:
Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52302437)；Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2025MS1144)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多入口下穿隧道由于入口外长下坡、空间密闭、视距视区受限及地下合流等因素，安全隐患突出，易诱发交通事故。为探究驾驶人在下穿隧道主路入口至合流区的行车安全性，利用眼动仪开展实车试验，采集驾驶人的瞳孔、扫视时间和扫视角等指标数据。将隧道主路入口至合流区划分为5个区段，深入分析驾驶人在不同区段的视觉特性与行车安全性。研究结果表明，瞳孔面积相对变化率在进入隧道后显著增加，从遮光棚段的41.56%提升到入口内部段的286.84%，直至地下合流段的407.40%，趋于平稳。聚类分析显示，地下合流段及其前后区段相邻区域的扫视角均被归为同一类，表明驾驶人在地下合流段前后扫视行为模式呈现一致的趋向性。基于扫视时间和扫视角度的最佳阈值（36.00ms和11.60°），将扫视行为分为4个类别。此外，地下合流段在隧道内的扫视速度峰均比最高，为3.62dB，表明驾驶人在该区段存在较高的视觉不稳定性，安全风险增加。研究结果有助于深入解析地下合流区域驾驶人的视觉行为模式和行车安全性，能够为道路设计和交通管理提供参考。

关键词: 交通工程, 视觉特征, 聚类分析, 隧道, 合流区, 行车安全

Abstract: Multi-entry underpass tunnel has prominent safety concerns due to the distance and grade of the entrance, the tunnel's enclosed space, limited sight distance and visual field, particularly in the underground merging area which has high risk of crashes. This paper analyzed drivers' safety from the main entrance of the underpass to the merging area, and conducted a real vehicle test using an eye tracker to collect drivers' pupil data, saccade duration, and saccade angle. The tunnel section from the main entrance to the underground merging area was divided into five sections to analyze drivers' visual characteristics and driving safety across different sections. The results show that the relative change rate of pupil area increased significantly upon entering the tunnel, rising from 41.56% in the shading section to 286.84% in the entrance internal section and further to 407.40% in the underground merging section, where it then stabilized. The cluster analysis indicated that the saccade angles in the underground merging section and its adjacent sections were grouped into the same category, suggesting consistent saccade behavior patterns before and after the underground merging section. Based on the optimal thresholds of saccade duration (36.00 milliseconds) and saccade angle (11.60 degree), saccades were classified into four categories. Moreover, the underground merging section exhibited the highest peak-to-mean ratio of saccade speed in the tunnel, reaching 3.62 decibel, indicating elevated visual instability and increased driving safety risk. The findings provide an understanding of drivers' visual behavior patterns in the underground merging area and their implications for driving safety, providing references for road design and traffic management.

Key words: traffic engineering, visual characteristics, cluster analysis, tunnel, merging area, driving safety

中图分类号:

U491

焦方通, 郭佩佩, 王殿海, 杜志刚, 国洪奇, 孙锋. 隧道地下合流区驾驶人视觉特性及其对行车安全的影响[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2026, 26(3): 93-102.

JIAO Fangtong, GUO Peipei, WANG Dianhai, DU Zhigang, GUO Hongqi, SUN Feng. Driver Visual Characteristics in Underpass Tunnel Merging Areas and Impact on Driving Safety[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2026, 26(3): 93-102.

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隧道地下合流区驾驶人视觉特性及其对行车安全的影响

Driver Visual Characteristics in Underpass Tunnel Merging Areas and Impact on Driving Safety

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