交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 1-21.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.05.001

• 青年基金项目成果 •    下一篇

驾驶人脑电研究综述:状态感知、认知解码与人机交互协同

奇格奇*a,b ,董镇滔a,b ,栾正凯a,b ,关伟a,c    

  1. 北京交通大学,a.综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室;b.交通运输学院; c. 系统科学学院,北京100044
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-01 修回日期:2026-08-19 接受日期:2026-08-26 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-21
  • 作者简介:奇格奇(1987—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,副教授,博士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金 (72101014);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72271018)。

Review of EEG-Based Driving Research: State Perception, Cognitive Decoding, and Human-Machine Interaction and Shared Driving

QI Geqi*a,b, DONG Zhentaoa,b, LUAN Zhengkaia,b, GUAN Weia,c   

  1. a. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Ministry of Transport; b. School of Traffic and Transportation; c. School of Systems Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received:2026-05-01 Revised:2026-08-19 Accepted:2026-08-26 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-10-21
  • Supported by:
    Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72101014);General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72271018)。

摘要: 脑电信号能够以非侵入方式表征驾驶人在连续交通任务中的注意、疲劳、工作负荷、情绪、风险感知和行为准备,为分析外显驾驶行为与内在认知过程之间的联系提供信息。本文采用系统综述方法,检索Web of Science核心合集和中国知网截至2026年4月20日收录的中英文文献,最终纳入97篇。本文以感知人、理解人和协同人为总体框架,系统综述了驾驶人状态监测、行为与意图解码、自动驾驶接管、交互信任和脑机协同控制研究,并比较了各项的实验范式、标签、脑电表征、验证协议和应用环节。现有证据表明,在紧急制动和转向等特定驾驶任务中,脑电能够在踏板或方向盘动作发生前捕捉与行为准备和动作意图相关的神经活动。相关方法已由人工特征分析扩展到时空建模、脑网络分析、跨被试泛化和多模态融合,但不同研究间在任务定义、数据规模、通道配置和验证方式方面差异较大,多数成果仍停留在离线识别阶段,脑电信息尚未稳定用于接管决策、控制权分配和交互策略调整。未来研究可聚焦可信感知与统一表征、认知-决策-控制闭环、多主体与混合交通协同,以及自然驾驶闭环验证与工程部署。本文总结驾驶人脑电由状态识别走向人机协同的现有证据、可比性边界和评价重点。

关键词: 智能交通, 脑电图, 机器学习, 驾驶行为, 人车交互, 人因工程

Abstract: Electroencephalography (EEG) provides a non-invasive means of characterizing drivers' attention, fatigue, workload, emotion, risk perception, and action preparation during continuous traffic tasks, providing information for analyzing the relationship between observable driving behavior and internal cognitive processes. This study adopted systematic review method to search the English-and Chinese-language literature from the Web of Science Core Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to April 20, 2026. Ninety-seven articles were included. This paper adopts an overarching framework of perceiving the human, understanding the human, and collaborating with the human to systematically review research on driver state monitoring, behavior and intention decoding, autonomous driving takeover, interaction trust, and brain-computer collaborative control. It further provides a comparative analysis of the experimental paradigms, labeling schemes, EEG representations, validation protocols, and application contexts across these research domains. In specific tasks such as emergency braking and steering, EEG studies have detected the neural activity related to action preparation and intention before pedal or steering-wheel movements occur. Related methodologies have evolved from handcrafted feature analysis to spatiotemporal modeling, brain network analysis, cross-subject generalization, and multimodal fusion. However, the substantial differences persist across studies with respect to task definitions, sample sizes, channel configurations, and validation protocols limit direct comparison. The majority of existing work remains confined to the offline-recognition stage, and EEG-derived information has not yet been reliably integrated into takeover decision-making, control authority allocation, and interaction strategy adaptation. Future research may focus on trustworthy perception and unified representations, the closed loops of cognition-decision-control, multi-agent and mixed traffic collaboration, as well as closed-loop validation in naturalistic driving and engineering deployment. This review summarizes the available evidence, comparability boundaries, and evaluation priorities pertaining to the evolution of EEG-based driving research from state recognition toward human-machine collaboration.

Key words: intelligent transportation, electroencephalography, machine learning, driving behavior, human vehicle interaction, human factors

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