城市车辆速度 对道路交通影响的评估

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2005, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (6): 72-77 .

城市车辆速度
对道路交通影响的评估

张香平，陈振起

北京交通大学交通运输学院，北京100044

收稿日期:2005-10-11 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2005-12-25 发布日期:2005-12-25

Appraisal to the Affect of Vehicle Speed on Urban Road Traffic

ZHANG Xiang -pin g, CHEN Zhen-qi

School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

Received:2005-10-11 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2005-12-25 Published:2005-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 机动车速度对城市居民的生活质量和环境有重要影响.一般认为，较低的速度可以降低道路事故率，但速度降低对社会发展和居民健康所产生的许多间接问题也是不可忽视的.本文研究了速度管制对我国城市交通的一般影响，定量评价了速度管制产生的三方面间接效果，即时间价值、排放、道路通行能力降低等.论文最后提出了我国不同城市条件下交通车辆速度管制的具体策略.

关键词: 速度管制, 交通安全, 道路通行能力

Abstract: Speed regulation of motor vehicles has widely affection to the living environment and standard of residents in urban areas. It is believed that lower speed of motor vehicles could decrease the traffic accident rate on road. This paper gives a brief review of speed regulation on urban transport. A quantitative assessment on indirect effects of speed regulation has then been discussed. The assessment covers three aspects. First, it analyses the value of time derived from speed regulation in urban areas. Secondly, it estimates the additionale missions resulted from speed regulation. Thirdly, it analyses and evaluates the capacity due to the implementation of speed regulation. The paper finally discusses the policy on speed regulation from viewpoint of sustainable development of urban society and some suggestions on speed regulation for different situations in China have also been presented.

Key words: speed regulation, transport sustainability, road carrying capacity

张香平,陈振起. 城市车辆速度
对道路交通影响的评估
[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2005, 5(6): 72-77 .

ZHANG Xiang -pin g, CHEN Zhen-qi. Appraisal to the Affect of Vehicle Speed on Urban Road Traffic[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2005, 5(6): 72-77 .

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/abstract/abstract17353.shtml

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2005/V5/I6/72

参考文献

[1] Ossiander, Eric M, Cummings P. (2002) Freeway speed limits and traffic fatalities in Washington State, Accident Analysis and Prevention 34:13-18 .
[2] Gallagher M M, Sewell C M, Flint S, Herndon J L, Graff H , Fenner J, Hull H F, 1989. Effects of the 65-mph speed limit on rural interstate fatalities in New Mexico[J]. Journal of American Medical Association 262:2243-2245.
[3] Brown D B, Maghsoodloo S, McCardle M E. The safety impact of the 65-mph speed limit: a case study using Alabama accident records[J]. Journal of Safety Research,1990, 21:125-139.
[4] McKnight A J, Klein T M. Relationship of 65-mph limit to speeds and fatal accidents [J]. Transport Results Records, 1990,1281:71-77.
[5] Lave C, Elias P. Did the 65-mph speed save lives? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1994, 26:49-62.
[6] National Highway Traffic Administration,1992. Effects of the 65-mph speed limit through 1990[J]. A report to Congress,U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington,DC.
[7] Kaye S D, Mulrine A and Wu C. 1995, Hello 75, So long 55. U. S. News and World Report [J]. December 18:71-75.
[8] Houston D J. (1998) Implications of the 65-mph speed limit for traffic safety[J]. Research Report,Department of Political Science, University of Tennessee, USA
[9] National Safety Council. 1982-1997, Accident Facts, Chicago, IL: National Safety Council.
[10] Andre M and Hammarstrom U. (2000) Driving speeds in europe for pollutant emissions estimation[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 5:321-335.
[11] Cohen, Harry. (1994) Review of empirical studies of induced traffic, Curbing Gridlock, Appendix B, National Academy Press (Washington DC;www.nas.edu/trb), 1994,295-309.
[12] 朱植训,等. 重视公交发展[J].江苏省徐州市公交总公司,2001.
[13] 国家统计局,2000 中国城市统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2001,13-34.
[14] 杨青山,张奎福. 1990-1991中国城市公交年鉴[M]. 北京:中国城市出版社,1993.
[15] Limpert R.(1994) Motor vehicle accident reconstruction and cause analysis,4th edition, Michie Company, Charlottsville,1994,663.
[16] 郝吉明,Fu L X, He K B and Wu H.中国城市机动车污染控制[M]. 北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001,136 - 153.
[17] Joumard R .1999. Estimation of pollutant emissions from transport[J]. Transport Research-EUR 18902-COST319, ISBN 92-828-6797-8, Office for Special Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg,122.
[18] Samaras Z,Ntzischristos L. 1998, Average hot emission factors for passenger cars and light duty trucks[J]. In:The Project:Methodologies for estimating air pollutant emissions from transport(MEET) - Report 7, p.112. LAT Report 9811. Lab. Of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle Univ., Thessaloniki,Greece.
[19] Leon S, Diaz M I and Mandoza B. (1997) Traffic, noise and air pollution in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Anevaluation of the effects of the ring road, In: Urban Transport and the Environment for the 21th century. III, Sucharov,L .and Bidini,G. (Ed.), WIT Press,UK,353-360.
[20] Baohua Mao,Guiping Xiao and Hong Xu(1999). Bicycle development policy under Mixed Traffic Environment of China, IATSS Research, Japan,Vol.22, 1999,62-69.
[21] Barth M J and Norbeck J M. (1994) Transportation modeling for thee nvironment[J].
California PATH Research Report,UCB-ITS-PRR-94-27,USA.13-36.
[22] Ito, Douglas T, Niemeier, Debbie and Garry, Gordon (2001)[C]. Conformity:How VMT-speed distributions can affect mobile emission inventories, Transportation, 28:409-425.