航班时刻配置公平性研究现状与展望

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为进一步提高时刻资源配置结果的可行性，减少时刻配置各参与主体间的不平等，大量文献研究航班时刻公平配置。本文通过检索国内外相关数据库，系统梳理现有航班时刻配置优化中的个体公平性指标和总体公平性目标。首先，概述“公平性”概念的发展历程和度量指标，并从横向/纵向、个体/总体和绝对/相对这3个视角分析航班时刻配置中公平性内涵；其次，从时刻调整数量和时刻偏移量两个维度，梳理对比时刻配置中各参与主体的个体公平性指标；最后，从绝对公平、相对公平和基尼系数的角度，总结航班时刻配置模型的总体公平性优化目标。研究发现：当前主要基于比例原则构建公平性指标，而加权构造法因数据获取困难和主观性强等问题应用受限。有关公平性目标的研究现已较为完善，其中，基尼系数因其能反映全局整体公平性而被广泛应用。基于文献综述内容，本文进一步分析现有研究存在的不足，提出后续研究的建议。研究认为：未来应针对定量计算航班价值，拓展公平性研究对象，构建环境公平性指标和评估动态参数影响这4方面持续开展深入研究，助力民航业的健康可持续发展。

关键词: 航空运输, 航班时刻配置优化, 对比分析, 公平性, 基尼系数

Abstract: To further improve the feasibility of slot allocation results and reduce the unfairness among the participants in slot allocation, much literature has been studied on the fair allocation of flight schedules. By searching relevant databases at home and abroad, this paper systematically sorts out the individual fairness indicators and overall fairness goals in the optimization of existing slot allocations. Firstly, the development process and metrics of the concept of "fairness" are summarized, and the connotation of fairness in slot allocation is analyzed from three perspectives: horizontal/vertical, individual/overall and absolute/ relative. Secondly, the individual fairness index of each participant in the slot allocation are sorted out and compared based on the two dimensions of the number of slot adjustment and slot displacement. Then, from the perspectives of absolute fairness, relative fairness and Gini index, the overall fairness optimization objectives of the slot allocation model are summarized. The results show that the current fairness indicators are mainly constructed based on the principle of proportionality, while the weighted construction method is limited due to the difficulty of data acquisition and strong subjectivity. The research on the fairness goals has been relatively well-developed, and the Gini index has been widely used because of its global characteristics. Based on the content of the literature review, this paper further analyzes the shortcomings of existing studies and provides suggestions for future research. The study concludes that, in-depth research should be carried out in four aspects in the future: quantitative calculation of flight value, expansion of fairness research objects, construction of environmental fairness indicators and evaluation of the impact of dynamic parameters, to help the healthy and sustainable development of the civil aviation industry.

Key words: air transportation, slot allocation optimization, comparative analysis, fairness, Gini index

中图分类号:

胡荣, 张雨橦, 丁嘉豪, 王怡人, 张军峰. 航班时刻配置公平性研究现状与展望[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(2): 1-15.

HU Rong, ZHANG Yutong, DING Jiahao, WANG Yiren, ZHANG Junfeng. Research Progress and Challenges on Equity in Flight Slot Allocation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(2): 1-15.

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http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V25/I2/1

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