多仓库半开放式危险品运输路径优化研究

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.03.034

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 381-392.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.03.034

多仓库半开放式危险品运输路径优化研究

丁丽娟，吴军^*

北京化工大学，经济管理学院，北京100029

收稿日期:2026-01-11 修回日期:2026-03-07 接受日期:2026-03-30 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-24
作者简介:丁丽娟（1996—），女，山东菏泽人，博士生。
基金资助:
北京市自然科学基金 (9222024)。

Half-open Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Optimization for Hazardous Materials Transportation

DING Lijuan, WU Jun^*

School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

Received:2026-01-11 Revised:2026-03-07 Accepted:2026-03-30 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-06-24
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China (9222024)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对多仓库半开放式危险品运输路径优化问题，本文首先构建融合装载率、行驶速度、车型特征与道路类型差异的风险评价模型，实现人口暴露风险与环境破坏风险的综合量化；其次，综合车辆载重与行驶速度对油耗及碳排放的影响，以总运输成本、总运输风险与总运输时间最小化为目标，构建含时间依赖与库存约束的多目标路径优化模型，并采用嵌入风险优先支配机制的NSGA-II（Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II）算法进行求解；最后，基于北京市氯气运输真实数据进行算例分析，结果表明：与常规封闭式调度模式相比，半开放式可使总运输风险下降15.59%，总行驶距离减少10.44%，总运输时间减少3.96%；提升行驶速度可缩短运输时间，但会增加运输成本与风险，降低速度则结果相反；且速度变化对运输时间的影响幅度显著小于其对成本和风险的影响。研究结果可为多仓库场景下危险品运输实现安全、经济与高效协同优化提供决策参考。

关键词: 公路运输, 路径优化, 多目标优化, 危险品, 多仓库

Abstract: This study addresses the vehicle routing problem for hazardous materials transportation in a half-open multi-depot network. First, a risk assessment model integrating load factor, driving speed, vehicle type, and road type was developed to comprehensively quantify population exposure risk and environmental damage risk. Then, considering the impact of vehicle load and driving speed on fuel consumption and carbon emissions, the study proposed a multi-objective routing optimization model with time-dependent and inventory constraints, aiming to minimize total transportation cost, total transportation risk, and total travel time. The risk-prioritized dominance mechanism was introduced into NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) to solve the model. A case study based on real-world chlorine transportation data from Beijing was conducted. The results show that compared with the conventional VRP mode, half-open mode reduces total transportation risk by 15.59%, total travel distance by 10.44%, and total travel time by 3.96%. Increasing driving speed shortens travel time but raises transportation cost and risk, whereas reducing speed yields the opposite effects. Moreover, the magnitude of the impact of speed changes on travel time is significantly smaller than that on transportation cost and risk. These findings can provide reliable decision support for achieving safe, economical, and efficient collaborative optimization of hazardous materials transportation in multi-depot scenarios.

Key words: highway transportation, vehicle routing optimization, multi-objective optimization model, hazardous materials, multi depot

中图分类号:

U492.3+36

丁丽娟, 吴军. 多仓库半开放式危险品运输路径优化研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2026, 26(3): 381-392.

DING Lijuan, WU Jun. Half-open Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Optimization for Hazardous Materials Transportation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2026, 26(3): 381-392.

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链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.03.034

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V26/I3/381

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多仓库半开放式危险品运输路径优化研究

Half-open Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Optimization for Hazardous Materials Transportation

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