交通运输系统工程与信息

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2013, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (5): 42-47.

• 智能交通系统与信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于动态参数模型的行人流疏散仿真

李特朗1,3，张喜*1，朱诺2，曹伟1，郑攀2   

  1. 1.北京交通大学 交通运输学院，北京 100044;2. 中国民航科学技术研究院，北京 100028;3.国家烟草专卖局，北京 100045
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-21 修回日期:2013-06-07 出版日期:2013-10-25 发布日期:2013-11-08
  • 作者简介:李特朗（1977-），男，湖南益阳人，博士生.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目(71071013)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2011YJS241).

Simulation of Pedestrian Evacuation Based on a Dynamic Parameters Model

LI Te-lang1,3，ZHANG Xi1，ZHU Nuo2,CAO Wei1, ZHENG Pan2   

  1. 1.School of Traffic & Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 2. China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology, Beijing 100028, China; 3.State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Beijing 100045，China
  • Received:2013-03-21 Revised:2013-06-07 Online:2013-10-25 Published:2013-11-08

PDF

被引次数

11

摘要：

本文基于元胞自动机理论建立了行人疏散动态参数模型.其中，动态参数分别为：空格参数、感知参数和方向参数.该模型模拟了行人决策过程和策略，反映了行人对周围环境的判断及行人的决策行为.根据摩尔近邻的二维元胞自动机，构造了行人移动规则并对行人疏散进行模拟.为显示本模型的优越性，在相同情况下，对原模型和本模型的模拟实验结果进行比较和分析.本文所建模型中，考虑了出口周围的行人密度对疏散过程的影响，通过模拟结果证明，这种改进是有效的.同时，本文也考虑了行人分布、行人密度以及出口宽度对疏散时间的影响，并给出了疏散空间最优出口布局.因此，所建模型对于行人疏散研究和实际生活中有效避免和减少人员伤亡具有一定意义.

关键词: 交通工程； 行人疏散； 元胞自动机； 空格参数； 感知参数； 方向参数, 疏散时间

Abstract:

A dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata. The dynamic parameters: directionparameter, emptyparameter and cognitionparameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decisionmaking process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian’s choice of action. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation and pedestrian moving rules are established, according to twodimensional cellular automaton Moore neighborhood. The simulation results of the improved and previous models are compared and analyzed. In the improved model, the impact of the pedestrian density around exits in evacuation is considered, the simulation results prove that this improvement makes sense. At the same time, the effects of pedestrian distribution, pedestrian density and exits width on the evacuation time are discussed, giving the optimal exit layout. The improvement of the CA model is useful for further study, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation, avoiding or reducing the number of injuries.

Key words: traffic engineering, pedestrian evacuation, cellular automata, emptyparameter, cognitionparameter, directionparameter, evacuation time

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