面向电煤保供的采购成本与铁水联运协同优化方法

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.02.003

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 24-34.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.02.003

面向电煤保供的采购成本与铁水联运协同优化方法

黄兆察¹，蒋林桥^1,2，王志美¹，陈军华¹，张星臣^*1

1. 北京交通大学，交通运输学院，北京100044；2.国家能源集团航运有限公司，综合管理部，北京100080

收稿日期:2025-11-24 修回日期:2026-01-06 接受日期:2026-01-26 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-20
作者简介:黄兆察（1999—），男，浙江温州人，博士生。
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（科技领军人才团队项目 (2022JBQY005)；国铁集团科技开发计划课题重点课题(N2024X016)。

Coordinated Optimization of Procurement and Rail-Water Intermodal Transport for Thermal Coal Supply Security

HUANG Zhaocha¹, JIANG Linqiao^1,2, WANG Zhimei¹, CHEN Junhua¹, ZHANG Xingchen^*1

1. School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; 2. General Management Department, China Energy Group Shipping Co Ltd, Beijing 100080, China

Received:2025-11-24 Revised:2026-01-06 Accepted:2026-01-26 Online:2026-04-25 Published:2026-04-20
Supported by:
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Science and Technology Leading Talent Team Project) (2022JBQY005)；Key Project of the Science and Technology Development Program of China State Railway Group Co Ltd (N2024X016)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为应对电煤保供中燃煤日耗需求波动与铁水联运网络结构失效的双重不确定性，本文构建一个涵盖采购、运输和库存全过程的协同优化模型，实现价格、运力和库存安全的综合平衡。模型引入价格时变特征，需求随机波动与港口失效概率，定量描述采购结构与运输韧性之间的动态耦合关系。针对模型的高维随机性与整数复杂性，设计基于场景分解的整数BranchandBendersCut（IB&BC）算法，提高大规模随机规划的求解效率与稳定性。算例以国家能源集团沿海煤炭供应网络为背景，验证了模型在不同港口失效及需求扰动场景下，均能获得可行最优方案。研究表明：在重点装港完全失效情形下，总成本上升1.2%，库存成本增幅2.8%；受泊位物理约束的离散性影响，一方面系统对风险参数的响应呈“阶梯状”特征，在特定区间内，系统成本不因风险参数变化而改变；另一方面，在节点失效场景下需求波动强度与港口失效叠加，会放大对物流成本的影响，总成本较基准场景上升15.5%。

关键词: 综合交通运输, 采购运输协同优化, 不确定性优化, 铁水联运网络, 电煤保供

Abstract: To address the dual uncertainties of fluctuating daily coal consumption demand and rail-water intermodal network disruptions in the supply guarantee of thermal coal, this study develops a coordinated optimization model that integrates procurement, transportation, and inventory decisions to achieve a comprehensive balance among price, capacity, and supply security. The model incorporates time- varying coal prices, stochastic demand fluctuations, and port failure probabilities to quantitatively characterize the dynamic coupling between procurement structure and transportation resilience. Considering the high-dimensional stochastic and integer complexity of model, an Integer Branch and Benders Cut (IB&BC) algorithm based on scenario decomposition is designed to enhance the computational efficiency and the stability of large-scale stochastic programming. Using the coastal coal supply network of China Energy Investment Corporation as a case study, the model is validated to yield feasible and optimal solutions under different port failure and demand fluctuation scenarios. Results show that under a complete failure scenario at a key loading port, the total cost increases by 1.2%, while the inventory cost rises by 2.8%. Due to the discrete nature of the physical berth constraints, the response of system to risk parameters exhibits a "step-wise" pattern, where costs remain unchanged within specific risk parameter intervals. On the other hand, when node failure coincides with demand fluctuation, the combined effect amplifies the impact on logistics costs, leading to a 15.5% increase in total cost compared to the baseline scenario.

Key words: integrated transportation, procurement and transportation collaborative optimization, uncertainty optimization, rail water intermodal transport network, thermal coal supply guarantee

中图分类号:

U268.6

黄兆察, 蒋林桥, 王志美, 陈军华, 张星臣. 面向电煤保供的采购成本与铁水联运协同优化方法[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2026, 26(2): 24-34.

HUANG Zhaocha, JIANG Linqiao, WANG Zhimei, CHEN Junhua, ZHANG Xingchen. Coordinated Optimization of Procurement and Rail-Water Intermodal Transport for Thermal Coal Supply Security[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2026, 26(2): 24-34.

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http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V26/I2/24

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面向电煤保供的采购成本与铁水联运协同优化方法

Coordinated Optimization of Procurement and Rail-Water Intermodal Transport for Thermal Coal Supply Security

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