长直线与单调景观影响下沙漠高速公路驾驶员视觉负荷研究

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.05.031

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5): 362-373.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.05.031

长直线与单调景观影响下沙漠高速公路驾驶员视觉负荷研究

朱兴林^*1a,1b ，刘思佳^1a,1b，徐进^1a,2，刘泓君^1a,1b，梁光泽^1a,1b，郭瑞³，孙晓东⁴

1. 新疆农业大学，a.交通与物流工程学院，b.新疆交通运输与物流工程重点实验室，乌鲁木齐830052；2.桂林电子科技大学，建筑与交通工程学院，广西桂林541004；3.新疆交通规划勘察设计研究院有限公司，新疆道路交通安全工程技术研究中心，乌鲁木齐830052；4.新疆交通投资（集团）有限责任公司，安全监督部，乌鲁木齐830052

收稿日期:2026-04-25 修回日期:2026-06-22 接受日期:2026-07-01 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-22
作者简介:朱兴林（1971—），女，新疆乌鲁木齐人，教授，博士。
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2024D01A64)；新疆农业大学研究生科研创新项目 (XJAUGRI2026024)。

Drivers' Visual Load of Desert Expressways Under Influence of Long Straight Alignments and Monotonous Landscape

ZHU Xinglin^*1a,1b, LIU Sijia^1a,1b, XU Jin^1a,2, LIU Hongjun^1a,1b, LIANG Guangze^1a,1b, GUO Rui³, SUN Xiaodong⁴

1a. College of Transportation & Logistics Engineering, 1b. Key Laboratory of Transportation and Logistics Engineering in Xinjiang, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; 2. School of Architecture and Transportation Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; 3. Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for Road Traffic Safety, Xinjiang Transportation Planning Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd, Urumqi 830052, China; 4. Safety Supervision Department, Xinjiang Transportation Investment (Group) Co Ltd, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2026-04-25 Revised:2026-06-22 Accepted:2026-07-01 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-10-22
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2024D01A64)； Graduate Research Innovation Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University (XJAUGRI2026024)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对沙漠高速公路长直线路段与单调景观的特殊环境，为探究该环境下驾驶员视觉特征与视觉负荷的变化规律，以新疆S21阿乌高速公路为试验路段，选取32名被试驾驶员开展实车试验。采用k-medoids动态聚类方法将驾驶视野划分为6个注视兴趣区域，基于马尔科夫链分析视觉搜索模式与注视转移规律。选取注视持续时间、水平扫视幅度和瞳孔直径为核心指标，构建熵权-模糊综合评价模型，并结合高斯混合模型拟合视觉负荷动态变化规律。结果表明：沙漠高速公路单调景观与长直线环境下，驾驶员注视点高度集中于前方车道区域；随着行驶里程增加，平均注视持续时间逐渐延长，瞳孔直径持续收缩，扫视幅度不断收窄，视觉负荷呈现明显累积特征；行驶速度与各项视觉指标均存在显著线性相关，视觉负荷增加会降低驾驶员速度感知能力，进而增加超速行驶风险；驾驶视觉负荷呈现周期性累积特征，峰值分别出现在12.97、34.05、57.8 km处，经阶段性缓解后的视觉负荷值基础水平持续上升，驾驶员难以依靠自我调节恢复至初始清醒状态。研究结果可为沙漠高速公路线形优化设计和安全设施合理布设提供理论依据与数据支撑。

关键词: 交通工程, 驾驶视觉负荷, 实车试验, 沙漠高速公路, 熵权-模糊综合评价法, 长直线

Abstract: To investigate the variation patterns of drivers' visual characteristics and visual workload under the special environment of long straight sections and monotonous landscapes on desert highways, a real-vehicle experiment was carried out on S21 Altay Urumqi Desert Highway in Xinjiang with 32 drivers. k-medoids dynamic clustering divided the visual field into six fixation areas of interest; visual search patterns and transition rules were analyzed with the Markov chain. Taking fixation duration, horizontal saccade amplitude and pupil diameter as core indicators, an entropy weight-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was built, and the Gaussian mixture model was applied to fit the dynamic visual load variation. Results show that the fixation points of drivers are highly concentrated in the forward lane area under the monotonous desert highway conditions. With increasing mileage, the average fixation duration rises, and the pupil diameter shrinks. The saccade amplitude narrows, and the visual load accumulates significantly. Driving speed is linearly correlated with visual indicators; higher visual load reduces speed perception and increases speeding risk. Visual load presents periodic cumulative characteristics with peaks at 12.97 km, 34.05 km, and 57.8 km. Its baseline keeps rising after relief, and drivers can hardly recover to the initial alert state via self- regulation. The findings provide a theoretical basis and data support for alignment optimization and safety facility layout of desert highways.

Key words: traffic engineering, driving visual load, real vehicle test, desert expressway, entropy weight-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, long straight segment

中图分类号:

U491.25

朱兴林, 刘思佳, 徐进, 刘泓君, 梁光泽, 郭瑞, 孙晓东. 长直线与单调景观影响下沙漠高速公路驾驶员视觉负荷研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2026, 26(5): 362-373.

ZHU Xinglin, LIU Sijia, XU Jin, LIU Hongjun, LIANG Guangze, GUO Rui, SUN Xiaodong. Drivers' Visual Load of Desert Expressways Under Influence of Long Straight Alignments and Monotonous Landscape[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2026, 26(5): 362-373.

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http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V26/I5/362

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长直线与单调景观影响下沙漠高速公路驾驶员视觉负荷研究

Drivers' Visual Load of Desert Expressways Under Influence of Long Straight Alignments and Monotonous Landscape

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