Mechanisms of Effect of Warning Stimuli on Driver
Takeover Performance

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2024.01.010

Abstract

Abstract: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the influence of different modal warning stimuli on takeover performance, this study focuses on the alertness effects of single-modal and dual-modal warning stimuli on drivers under various non-driving tasks and triggering scenarios. Firstly, a test bench experiment was conducted to examine the driver's takeover of vehicle control under different warning stimuli. Eye movement data and vehicle data were collected from a sample of 49 drivers, and a significance analysis was performed to assess the impact. The results reveal that the type of warning significantly affects takeover time and first gaze time. Engaging in non-driving related tasks negatively impacts takeover time. Additionally, the first gaze time for bimodal warning stimuli is lower than that for unimodal stimuli. Maximum lateral acceleration was minimized with both visual and haptic warning stimuli, resulting in a more stable vehicle takeover and the highest takeover quality. The traverse angle of the bimodal warning stimulus was generally smaller than that of the unimodal warning stimulus, making the vehicle more stable. However, the visual warning stimulus had the largest maximum lateral acceleration under the unimodal warning stimulus, resulting in the worst takeover performance. The different modal warning stimuli had no significant effect on the takeover mode. The bimodal warning stimuli relied more on multi-sensory effects, providing comprehensive and accurate warning information. They achieved better warning performance, particularly the tactile vibration warning mode with driver body contact.

Key words: intelligent transportation, warning stimulus, two-way ANOVA, human-machine interface, eye movement data, vehicle dynamics

摘要： 为研究不同模态警告刺激对接管性能的影响机理，本文重点关注在不同非驾驶相关任务和触发场景下，单一模态和双模态警告刺激对驾驶员的预警效果。搭建不同警告刺激下，驾驶员接管车辆控制权的台架试验，采集49名驾驶员的眼动数据与车辆数据，并开展显著性影响分析。研究结果表明，警告类型对接管时间和首次注视时间有显著影响，从事非驾驶相关任务对驾驶员的接管时间产生负面影响，双模态警告刺激的首次注视时间低于单一模态的首次注视时间。在视觉和触觉警告刺激下，非驾驶相关任务下的最大横向加速度为 0.36 m ⋅s^-2，监控任务下为 0.34 m ⋅s ^-2，相对其他警告刺激，横向加速度最小，车辆接管更稳定，接管质量最高。双模态警告刺激的横摆角整体小于单一模态警告刺激，车辆更加稳定，而在单一模态警告刺激下，视觉警告刺激的最大横向加速度为 0.45 m ⋅s^-2，相对其他警告刺激，横向加速度最大，接管绩效最差。不同模态警告刺激对接管方式无显著影响。双模态的警告刺激类型相较于单一模态而言，更加依赖于多种感官效果，提供更全面和更准确的警示信息，特别是与驾驶员身体接触的触觉振动警告方式。

关键词: 智能交通, 警告刺激, 双因素方差分析, 人机接管, 眼动数据, 车辆动力学

CLC Number:

U461.91

WANG Dan, LIN Ye. Mechanisms of Effect of Warning Stimuli on Driver Takeover Performance[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(1): 106-114.

王丹, 林业. 警告刺激对驾驶员接管性能的影响机理研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024, 24(1): 106-114.

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Mechanisms of Effect of Warning Stimuli on Driver Takeover Performance

警告刺激对驾驶员接管性能的影响机理研究

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