Assessment of Pollution and Carbon Reduction Potential of
 Medium-and Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Trucks

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.032

Abstract

Abstract: The electrification of freight trucks is considered as an important measure for reducing emissions from road freight transport. However, the emission reduction potential of battery electric trucks (BETs) varies significantly depending on the electricity-generation method, weight class, and technical standard. A granular analysis of the electricity mix and vehicle parameters is essential for refining emission-reduction policies. This study evaluated the air-pollutant emissions of BETs and conventional diesel internal combustion engine trucks (diesel-ICETs) in China across their fuel-cycles to explore the potential of using BETs to reduce pollution and carbon emissions. Data on the crude oil mix, electricity mix, and truck technology of China were used in a life-cycle assessment (LCA) to analyze emission factors related to the energy production pathways and vehicle operations. The greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation (GREET) model was applied to assess the vehicle emission intensity (g·km^-1) and freight emission intensity (g·t^-1·km^-1) for BETs and diesel-ICETs (China VI) of different weight classes. The results showed that replacing diesel-ICETs with BETs significantly reduces vehicle emission intensities for six pollutants: greenhouse gases (GHGs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO, NO_x , PM_2.5 , and PM₁₀ , as well as the freight emission intensities for four pollutants: GHG, CO, NO_x , and VOCs. However, due to electricity mix of China and technical limitations of BETs, the adoption of BETs increases SO_x emissions and exacerbates PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ emissions in road freight.

Key words: highway transportation, emission reduction potential, life-cycle assessment, battery electric trucks (BETs), carbon emissions, air pollutant

摘要： 货运卡车的电气化被认为是减少公路货运排放的重要措施。然而，纯电动卡车的减排潜力因发电方式、重量等级和技术标准的不同而差异显著。对电力结构和车辆参数进行精细分析对于完善减排政策至关重要。本文评估中国纯电动卡车(BET)和传统柴油卡车(diesel-ICET)在其燃料周期内的大气污染物排放量，探讨使用BET降低污染和碳排放的潜力。采用生命周期法，利用中国原油结构、电力结构和卡车技术数据，分析能源生产路径和车辆行驶过程的排放因子，运用GREET(Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Technologies)模型评估不同重量等级BET和diesel-ICET(国六标准)的车辆排放强度(g·km^-1)和货运排放强度(g·t^-1·km^-1)。研究发现，尽管中国电力生产效率仅为46.9%，但BET替代diesel-ICET 能够显著降低GHG、VOCs、CO、NO_x、PM_2.5和PM₁₀这6类污染物的车辆排放强度，也能减少GHG、CO、NO_x和VOCs这4类污染物的货运排放强度。但受电力生产结构和技术影响，BET替代diesel-ICET将显著增加SO_x的排放，还可能增加公路货运的PM_2.5和PM₁₀排放。

关键词: 公路运输, 减排潜力, 生命周期评估, 纯电动卡车, 碳排放, 大气污染物

CLC Number:

U473.9

JIANG Zhijuan, CHEN Meiling, WEI Xintian, HE Jingwen. Assessment of Pollution and Carbon Reduction Potential of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Trucks[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(5): 353-364.

江志娟, 陈美玲, 魏昕恬, 贺静文. 中重型纯电动卡车的减污降碳潜力研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(5): 353-364.

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URL: http://www.tseit.org.cn/EN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.032

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Assessment of Pollution and Carbon Reduction Potential of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Trucks

中重型纯电动卡车的减污降碳潜力研究

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