Abstract: According to the logistics economics principle, this paper illustrates that the higher cost and lower efficiency of cargo transport system are main reasons of the unsatisfactory logistics performance through evaluating the Chinese logistics cost proportion to GDP and its composition. Then, it deeply analyzes important influencing factors to transport cost and efficiency both from the macro and micro aspects, including the institution reform, policy adjusting, operational pattern and technique innovation, staffs quality, and so on. Based on that, three strategy suggestions are put forward, namely, (1) innovation of mechanism and policy is the key to reform the transport system; (2) the container multi-modal transport system is an essential part of the integrated transportation system; (3) adopting the advanced logistics technique and operational pattern, the key point is upgrading cargo transport industry level of informatization and standardization.

Key words: transportation economy, logistics performance, transport efficiency, cost and benefit analysis, strategy research

摘要： 应用物流经济学原理，从分析我国物流成本占GDP比重及物流成本构成入手，指出运输成本高企、效率低下是影响物流绩效的主要原因. 通过从体制机制、政策法规、技术管理以及从业人员素质等宏观和微观层面，对影响我国运输成本和效率的主要因素进行深入剖析，提出提升我国运输效率改善物流绩效的主要对策：（1） 继续深化交通运输行业体制与机制改革，重点是制度和政策创新；（2） 加快推进综合运输体系的建设，重点是发展集装箱多式联运；（3） 积极引进和鼓励采用现代物流技术和运营模式，重点是提高运输行业信息化和标准化水平.

关键词: 交通运输经济, 物流绩效, 运输效率, 成本效益分析, 对策研究