Abstract: The article discusses the internal reasons why the competition in transport market is becoming more and more intense day by day and why the market shares are to be restructured by integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses and through historical and comparative methods. It addresses the key role that the development of railway plays during the process when China steps into industrialism and urbanism. It also puts forward that in the face of new situation, new challenge and new opportunity, we need to apply new mode of thinking, new methods and new channels to comparison, research and exploration of the way to develop the railway that is suited to the situation of China.

Key words: railway, reform, development

摘要： 运用定量与定性分析相结合的方法、历史的方法、比较的方法探讨了新中国成立以来，运输市场竞争日趋激烈.市场份额重新划分的内在原因.中国社会在迈向工业化和城市化的进程中铁路的发展起着关键性的作用.面对新形势、新挑战、新机遇,需要我们用新思维、新方法、新途径，去比较、去研究、去探索适合中国国情的铁路发展之路.

关键词: 铁路, 改革, 发展