Abstract: Urban public transportation finance subsidy is one of key links which implements promoting public transit priority strategies. It is an important issue of urban traffic sustainable development to establish a specific operable subsidy calculating model and improve the way to calculate urban public transport subsidies. The paper establishes the game model among the income of residents, enterprises operating costs, and subsidies through utility theory. It shows the advantages of classification subsidy of public transit riders, and establishes a specific operable subsidy calculating model. Then, the calculation of Beijing public transit subsidies in 2007 is taken as an example. The results indicate that the way to classification subsidy and the subsidy calculating model not only can fully satisfy the travel demands of public transport riders but also can effectively calculate the subsidy amount, which realizes the utility maximization of government subsidy. The proposed method is proved to be a new effective way to calculate urban public transit subsidy.

Key words: public transit, utility theory, financial subsidy, calculating model

摘要： 城市公共交通财政补贴是落实优先发展公共交通战略的关键环节之一，由于城市公共交通财政补贴测算涉及面广，构建具有可操作性的测算模型和完善测算方法是城市交通可持续发展的一个重要课题。本文利用效用函数导出使用者乘坐公共交通的需求函数，建立使用者收入、企业经营成本和政府财政补贴之间的博弈模型，分析对公共交通使用者实行分类补贴的优势所在，并提出实际运用中具有可操作性的补贴测算模型。最后，文章结合北京市常规公交的调查数据进行案例分析，分析结果表明分类补贴的方法和补贴测算模型不仅能很好地满足使用者的公交出行需求，而且可以有效测算公交财政补贴金额，实现政府补贴的效用最大化，为城市公共交通补贴测算提供新的思路。

关键词: 公共交通, 效用理论, 财政补贴, 测算模型