Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

On Integrated Transport Promotion Law of China

ZHANG Guo-wu

2009, 9(2): 1-10 .

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The fourteenth conference of “Transport 7+1 Forum” focuses on the Integrated Transport Promotion Law of China. A resource-intensive and environment-friendly integrated transport system will be an inevitable choice for China’s future transport development. While, under the market economy condition, it is essential to exert rational constraints and adjustments with laws and regulations to achieve the goal. The conference systematically discusses the Integrated Transport Promotion Law on the legislation necessity, legal hierarchy, relationships with laws related, and its framework. With thorough analysis of China’s actual conditions and full integrations of experiences from developed countries and regions, the preliminary draft of the Law is drawn up. Explorations of relevant laws and regulations will strongly promote the development of integrated transport system, advance the reform of transport management system and speed up the legalization process of transport industry as well.

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Calculating Model of Urban Public Transit Subsidy

HAO Ji-xiu, ZHOU Wei, HUANG Hao-feng, Guan Hong-zhi

2009, 9(2): 11-16 .

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Urban public transportation finance subsidy is one of key links which implements promoting public transit priority strategies. It is an important issue of urban traffic sustainable development to establish a specific operable subsidy calculating model and improve the way to calculate urban public transport subsidies. The paper establishes the game model among the income of residents, enterprises operating costs, and subsidies through utility theory. It shows the advantages of classification subsidy of public transit riders, and establishes a specific operable subsidy calculating model. Then, the calculation of Beijing public transit subsidies in 2007 is taken as an example. The results indicate that the way to classification subsidy and the subsidy calculating model not only can fully satisfy the travel demands of public transport riders but also can effectively calculate the subsidy amount, which realizes the utility maximization of government subsidy. The proposed method is proved to be a new effective way to calculate urban public transit subsidy.

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Micro-Characteristics and Modeling Requirement of Pedestrians in Muti-modal Transport Hub

JIA Hong–fei, YANG Li–li, TANG Ming, MENG Dan

2009, 9(2): 17-22 .

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Pedestrian flow simulation is an effective way to design multi-modal transport hubs as well as evaluate and optimize manage alternatives. Aiming at modeling pedestrian simulation model, the paper first analyzes and concludes the state-of-the-art of the pedestrian traffic characteristics. Based on the analysis of contrast between psychology decision-making model and pedestrian behavior three levels theory developed by Hoogendoorn, it further explores pedestrian’s decision-making process from a psychology point of view and then obtains the frame to study pedestrian characteristics. Comparing with pedestrian behavior in land-traffic, the authors anatomize pedestrian behaviors of multi-modal transport facilities from three aspects: strategy level, tactical level, and operational level. The paper also puts forward the requirement which pedestrian simulation model should meet based on the three levels analysis. The conclusions of this research provide valuable references for modeling pedestrian flow and developing pedestrian simulation system.

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Beijing Residents’ Travel Time Survey in Small Samples

LIU Dong-mei,QI Tong-yan,ZHANG Ke,GUO Yanmei

2009, 9(2): 23-26 .

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To explore the relevant characteristics of Beijing residents’ travel time, especially the values of travel time, the authors organized a small-sample survey and received 1305 effective reports. First, the design of the survey scheme was introduced, including selection of items, estimation of sample quantity, and selection of locations. Then, the average value of the travel time was calculated in terms of modes and purposes based on the surveyed data. In addition, the low dispersion coefficients indicate that the average value has a good representative quality. The average travel time cost per time in terms of different modes and purposes was calculated based on the data of average salary, travel time, and purpose per person relevant to each travel mode. The results indicated that for the purpose of job and business, the travel time cost per person by car or public transit is nearly 10–17 RMB. It means that if the efficiency of the entire road network is greatly improved, the cost time saved by the whole society is quite huge.

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On Integrated Train Operational Scheme Drawing-up Platform of China

MAO Bao-hua, WANG Bao-shan, XU Bin, LIU Hai-dong, CHEN Jian-hua, DU Peng

2009, 9(2): 27-37 .

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The paper analyzes the historical development of railway train schemes since 1949. Four stages have been summarized to embrace different characteristics and issues existed in different times according to their procedures. From the viewpoints of methods and techniques involved in above four stages, the authors describe the key models and algorithms applied in train scheduling, locomotive and crew work plan, yard operational plan and experimental analysis of train timetables. Based on the studies delivered in the field during the past decade, authors advance an integrated framework which deals with its major functions, key theoretical and technological progresses and several applications of the platform, including ones in improvements of railway station design, signal layout optimization, train scheduling evaluation at microscopic level and possible other applications in the construction of high-speed railways of China.

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Analysis on Excessive Queen on Ramp and Its Solution

QI Chi,HOU Zhong-sheng, BU Xu-hui

2009, 9(2): 38-43 .

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The phenomenon that excessive queue on ramp brings traffic congestion on the artery is first analyzed in this paper. Then, it proposes a ramp metering algorithm in which the neuron adaptive PID control algorithm is applied to tune controller parameters in real time, with both the on-ramp queue and the desired mainline traffic density are considered. Compared with the traditional feedback ramp metering method, the proposed method effectively reduces the on-ramp queue, creates smaller negative effect on the freeway and increases efficiency of the whole traffic network as well. The simulation analysis indicates that the presented method is effective to improve the on-ramp control.

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Development with Applications of Railway Operational Simulation Systems

SU Mei

2009, 9(2): 44-49 .

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This paper analyzes the characteristics, functions, and application fields of several international and domestic simulation systems. Targeting on the shortages existed in the current systems, the author discusses the technical demands of China engineers on railway operational simulation systems from the viewpoints of professional designers at engineering level. Prospecting on the demands coming from the large-scaled construction of high-speed, passenger and intercity railways, the author advances some key points on coordinating engineering design and operational organization, and put forwards a systematical framework to jointly consider the different requirements among train scheduling, facility layouts, and station operational schemes. The paper finally gives a case study of the application of a Chinese simulation system (GTMSS) on line geometric improvement with efficient energy consumption, which shows that significant saving on train energy consumption may be achieved by about one fourth. By efficient simulation systems, it is possible to polish the design of railway lines and stations, and further improve the quality of railway operations.

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Stochastic User Equilibrium Model Based on Generalized Cost under the Influence of ATIS

LI Xin, LIU Lan, JI Xiao-feng

2009, 9(2): 50-55 .

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Travelers’ route choice behaviors are frequently influenced by ATIS. The study proposed a concept of generalized cost based on the stochastic user equilibrium assignment and the traffic flow theory. The generalized cost was defined as the linear weighted sum of travel time, traffic congestion degree, and section reliability. The travelers were divided into two classes: namely, “travelers with ATIS equipment” and “travelers without ATIS equipment”. With consideration of the stochastic variations of link capacity, travelers were assumed to choose their optimal routes while their generalized costs were minimized. Under those assumptions, a stochastic user equilibrium model was developed. An algorithm for the model using the diagonalization algorithm and MSA algorithm was also proposed. The equivalence and uniqueness of solution of the proposed model were demonstrated. Numerical example showed that the algorithm has a good convergence performance, and the proposed model can reflect the travelers’ route choice behavior in stochastic road networks under the influence of traffic information.

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Evaluation of Pictograms in Dynamic Lane Control Systems in the Republic of Korea

TAY Richard, CHOI Jaisung

2009, 9(2): 56-61 .

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Pictograms have increasingly been used in electronic message display boards around the world as part of the intelligent transportation systems because they provide drivers with a clear and precise message that is easy to understand. This paper reports on an evaluation of pictograms for a dynamic traffic control system in Seoul, South Korea. In this study, some of the pictograms developed in an earlier study were redesigned and transferred to an actual variable message sign for a field test. In addition, a sample of drivers was asked to compare the pictograms to assist the research team in making the final selection. The study found that most of the pictograms were quite easy to comprehend. However, pictograms depicting accidents performed poorly, with only 10.0% and 43.5% of the participants correctly identifying the message conveyed by the European design and the existing Korean design respectively. The pictograms depicting congestion and traffic incidents also performed moderately, with only 45%-55% correctly identifying the message conveyed. Finally, the European design for snow warning performed poorly (17.5% correct) whereas the Korean design performed relatively well(75.5% correct).

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Modified Coupled Map Car-Following Model Based on Comprehensive Information of Preceding and Following Cars

HAN Xiang-Lin,LI Xing-li,JIANG Chang-yuan

2009, 9(2): 62-68 .

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With the consideration of the application of intelligent transportation system (ITS) information, a modified coupled-map car-following model is proposed to describe the dynamical behavior of vehicles moving along a single-lane road. It is assumed that there exists a vehicle-bound navigation system providing each vehicle with the information about its preceding and following vehicles. Utilizing a dynamical version of the decentralized delayed-feedback control scheme, a strategy for controlling the traffic congestion is proposed through adjusting the control parameters in the presented model. Based on a new principle of feedback control, the stability criteria are provided as the speed of the preceding vehicle changes. The theoretical analysis shows that considering more information on preceding and following vehicles could keep traffic flows in stable conditions, which means that it is considerably easier to achieve the stable conditions of traffic flows. The corresponding numerical simulations confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Compared with previous researches concerning congestion control, the control strategy in this paper is more effective in suppressing the formation of traffic congestion.

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Robust Optimization Model and Algorithm for Logistics Center Location and Allocation under Uncertain Environment

WANG Bao-hua, HE Shi-wei

2009, 9(2): 69-74 .

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This study focuses on the logistics center location and allocation problem under uncertain environment. Based on the stochastic optimization model, a robust optimization model using the formation of regret model is proposed. Then, the relations among the robust optimization model, stochastic optimization model, and deterministic optimization model are analyzed and two algorithms, enumeration method and genetic algorithm are presented. The codes of the two algorithms are implemented by Visual C++ on Visual Studio 6.0. Optimization software Lingo 9.0 is utilized in the code to solve the deterministic optimization model and two-stage stochastic optimization model. Numerical experiments show that the algorithms are acceptable to solve the problem. Moreover, the optimal solution of robust optimization model is insensitive to the disturbance of parameters under different scenarios and better than the result of stochastic optimization model.

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Empirical Study on the Influence of Learning Ability to Individual Travel Behavior

HE Zheng-bing, MA Shou-feng, TANG Xi-ting

2009, 9(2): 75-80 .

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Learning ability is a primary symbol, which distinguishes humanity from other creatures and plays an important role in travel decision-making. To explore the major effects of learning ability on travelers’ characteristics, the paper first divides the influence on travel decision-making into static and dynamic factors based on the functions of individual travel behavior factors and analyses the effects on travelers’ characteristics from the aspects of learning ability. Subsequently, qualitative analysis of travel behaviors is conducted. Then, the paper proposes structural equation model (SEM) of individuals’ travel behavior analysis .With the daily travel data derived from Binhai New Area, Tianjin, model estimation, evaluation, and modification are demonstrated. Finally, explanations of the results are presented, which indicates that there is a strong effect of learning ability on travel behavior.

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Passenger Flow Route Assignment Model and Algorithm
for Urban Rail Transit Network

LIU Jian-feng, SUN Fu-liang, BAI Yun,XU Juan

2009, 9(2): 81-86 .

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This study focuses on the major factors influencing the passenger flow assignment in the Urban Rail Transit (URT) network. A generalized fare function is modeled for URT. It also takes full consideration of travelers’ route choice behaviors in URT network. A Logit-based model is developed to emulate passenger flow route assignment, and the model is validated by computer simulation. According to the survey results, this study determines the weighting coefficients in the proposed model by the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Algorithm. Moreover, it proposes an effective-path searching method based on Depth Priority Searching and Branch & Bound Algorithm. Taking Beijing URT network as an example, the study estimates the probability of selecting each effective-path between Lishuiqiao station and Guomao station, which is verified by real data. The proposed model and algorithm are proved to be effective.

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Traffic Accidents Prediction and Prominent Influencing Factors Analysis Based on Fuzzy Logic

MENG Xiang-hai, ZHENG Lai, QIN Guan-ming

2009, 9(2): 87-92 .

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Traffic accidents prediction plays an important role in improving traffic safety management. In this paper, a fuzzy logic based model is developed for urban traffic accident prediction. The model is trained and tested by the traffic and traffic accidents data from 133 city roads in Harbin. And then, the fuzzy logic prediction model with 41 effective rules is obtained. The test result shows a good relationship between the observed and predicted data, which proves the feasibility of the proposed method.. In addition, the concept of safety improvement factor is put forward, that can find the prominent influencing factors in high-risk road and offer useful suggestions to improve road safety status.

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Relationship Analysis on Station Capacity and Passenger Flow: A Case of Beijing Subway Line 1

CHEN Feng, WU Qi-bing, ZHANG Hui-hui, LI San-bing, ZHAO Liang

2009, 9(2): 93-98 .

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As the passenger flow is increasing, subway station facilities have shown issues incompatible with such a growth. The article sets the research target on Beijing Subway Line 1, selects typical stations and key station facilities as main objectives, investigates the practical passenger passing capacity and passenger distribution rules, collects large amount of first-hand data of station facility’s passenger passing capacity by field study, then compares them with subway design protocols to identify the issue of insufficient capacity of some subway station facilities faced with the passenger flow of today. Based on the research results of domestic and foreign experts, the article uses fitting induction to draw the relation curve of speed and density of the passenger flow at the loading areas and upward stairs of Beijing Subway Line 1, and produces the suitable mathematic model by regression. Lastly, the article offers suggestions on these issues so as to enhance the passing capacity and service quality of the subway stations.

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LOS Classification for Urban Rail Transit Passages
Based on Passengers Perception

CAO Shou-hua, YUAN Zhen-zhou, ZHANG Chi-qing, ZHAO Li

2009, 9(2): 99-104 .

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The levels of service (LOS) for pedestrian facilities are influenced by a lot of factors, and different pedestrians have different perceptions on the LOS. Referring to the method of passengers’ perceptions on pedestrian facilities and the survey idea of stated preference, a questionnaire based on the perception has been conducted to explore the LOS for passages in urban rail transit. Based on the survey results, the study proposed six LOS design standards for Beijing urban rail transit passages. The classification results were also compared with LOS criteria for walkways proposed by HCM 2000. It indicated that the lower limits of the LOS standards adapted by Beijing urban rail transit are slightly lower than the criteria of HCM2000, and the reasons are also analyzed. The LOS standards can be taken as the reference for designing and evaluating the urban rail transit passages.

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Weight Changeable Combination Forecast Method of Logistics Quantity and Its Application

TAN Gui-jun,SHI Feng,LUO Duan-gao

2009, 9(2): 105-109 .

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Logistics quantity forecasting is a key link of logistics system planning and logistics resource allocating. It is also a fundamental work to formulate development plan and policies for the logistics industry; therefore, it is rather important to forecast logistics quantity accurately. At present, the single forecast method is commonly adopted to forecast logistics quantity, which has its limits in assumed conditions and adaptation and always leads to low accuracy. Based on the multiple linear regression method, second-index flatness method, and fixed weight combination forecast method, the study proposes the weight changeable combination method to forecast the logistics quantity. An example conducted for freight volumes forest in Liling city of Hunan province suggest that the proposed method is more accurate and more rational to forecast logistics quantity than the single forecast method.

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Failure Correlation Analysis of Urban Road Network

ZOU Zhi-yun,MAO Bao-hua, GONG Quan-zhou, HAO Hai-ming

2009, 9(2): 110-114 .

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To describe the complex, time-varying urban road network and traffic conditions more accurately and effectively, and provide a feasible approach for the optimal gradation of the road network functions and remission of urban traffic congestion as well, this paper presents the failure correlation analysis method of urban road network. Based on the traffic flow obtained by improved multi-path traffic assignment, this method determines road network unit by failure criterion. Then, the failure probability and correlation is calculated with Monte Carlo simulation technique and linear regression method. Finally, the failure correlation of urban road network can be estimated by probability network evaluation technology. The detailed operation and feasibility of the proposed method are illustrated based on a test road network. Moreover, it analyzes the influence factors of failure correlation and its relationship with the gradations of the road network functions.

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Simulation and Optimization on Inventory of Distribution System Using Theory of Constraints

WANG Wei,ZHEN Hong,GAO Jie

2009, 9(2): 115-121 .

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The inventory plays an important role in the distribution system, as the excessive inventory and inadequate inventory are all able to bring negative effect on distribution system. In view of this, the problem of inventory level and ordering policy of distribution system is analyzed. In light of the large quantity of simulation scenario, low efficiency, and non-visual property of the traditional discrete event system simulation method, the paper formulates simulating model of distribution system based on the software platform of FLEXSIM. The 3D visualized discrete event simulation is conducted using theory of constraints. The new method optimizes the process of simulation, reduces the quantity of simulation scenario, and improves the efficiency. The simulation results also prove that the method is effective in enhancing the interactive effect of simulation.

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TOPSIS Based Weights Determining Method for Evaluating Indexes in Passenger’s Travel Choice Behavior

WANG Shuang, ZHAO Peng

2009, 9(2): 122-128 .

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Travel preference of passenger plays an important role in passenger’s travel behaviour analytical theory. Passenger’s choice of travel modes is based on the comprehensive analysis of evaluating indexes of each plan. However, the commonly-used methods of determining the attribute weights, which denote the passenger’s preference for evaluating indexes, have their limitations. Based on the preference of passenger’s travel and choice behaviour, this paper analyzes and determines the weights of evaluating indexes, which was ruled by the appraisal criterion of multiple attribute decision making method TOPSIS and deduced with the large-scale original data from passenger’s questionnaires. The weight determining method provides important, objective, and reliable data for passenger’s travel choice behaviour analysis. The effectiveness of the method has been verified by an example. And the rationality of the result has been testified by the Multinomial Logit Model. Furthermore, the presented method is easy to calculate, convenient to implement and universally applicable in passenger’s preference choice problem under every traffic modes.

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Vehicle Shadow Segmentation Algorithm in Complex Environment

GAO Tao,LIU Zheng-guang,ZHANG Jun

2009, 9(2): 129-133 .

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Vehicle shadow segmentation is one of the most important parts of vehicle detection in the field of intelligent traffic monitoring. Shadow segmentation directly influences the veracity of vehicle recognition even the performance of the whole monitoring system. To cover the shortages of RGB or HSV color space based vehicle shadow segmentation algorithms, this paper puts forward a new shadow segmentation algorithm based on YCbCr color space. First, the motion area which includes the vehicle and the shadow is selected, and then the original data of the shadow according to the characteristics of the occurrence of shadow is chosen, finally, the shape and location of the shadow region is determined by the YCbCr shadow segmentation algorithm. Actual road test shows that the integral vehicle shadow can be obtained by the proposed algorithm. The algorithm with better robustness has a practical value in the field of intelligent traffic monitoring.

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Estimations on production losses of due to transportation interruption with natural disasters

WANG Yu-ming,MAO Bao-hua,GUAN Wei,GAO Zi-you

2009, 9(2): 134-140 .

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It is difficult but important to estimate the indirect losses caused by transportation interruption during natural disasters. The paper discusses the meaning of the value of time based on the duration of transportation interruption during disasters. The production losses are analysed from two aspects: the loss value of production staff and the loss created by repertory interruption. The contents of direct and indirect losses are also analyzed by introducing the resource value of time. The paper develops an estimation model on production losses due to transportation interruption with natural disasters, and further documents its computational method by practical examples. The paper provides a potential quantitative estimation method both for determining the direct economic losses of transportation enterprises due to disasters and the social indirect losses caused by transportation interruption during natural disasters.

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Pedestrian Simulation Modeling for World Expo 2010 Shanghai

ZHOU Yue, WANG Jiang-yan, HUANG Di, SUN Sheng-yang

2009, 9(2): 141-146 .

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It is expected that World Expo 2010 Shanghai will attract as many as 600,000 spectators in a normal peak day. The complexity of pedestrian circulations after the Expo’s opening will be a challenge to the Expo’s efficient operations. A plat in the Expo Site was selected for a microscopic pedestrian simulation modeling study, consisting of multiple pavilions with high attractiveness, a variety of spectator service facilities such as shopping centers, restaurants and restrooms, and different kinds of pedestrian facilities. The Legion computer simulation package was utilized for the study. Simulation parameters were calibrated based on statistical analysis on relevant field data sets. Characteristics of Expo spectators’ touring actions were presented. Through a comparative analysis on circulations of the Expo spectators and those of game spectators in a stadium and passengers in a metro station, a modeling approach was proposed for the Expo spectators, which was different from the approach to modeling circulations of the game spectators and metro passengers. Simulation results were analyzed and interpreted from the perspective of pedestrian planning and operations for the use of relevant authorities. The simulation study and results helped to prompt measures to improve the study site’s planning, engineering design, and operations from the pedestrian circulation perspective. The methodology can be applied to other areas of the Expo Site with propagation of the preparation for the major event.

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Development and Application of Macroscopic Emission Model

XU Yao-fang,YU Lei, HAO Yan-zhao, SONG Guo-hua

2009, 9(2): 147-154 .

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The macroscopic traffic emission model is a useful tool in the wide-area emission assessment, which is typically used to calculate and develop the national or regional emission factors and inventories. China is still in the absence of its own emission model. Using models of other countries may result in substantial errors in the emission estimation. This study is to develop and program a macroscopic emission model for China based on the emission data collected in China, supplemented by some modeling data of other countries. On the basis of a comprehensive review of existing macroscopic emission models, this paper first develops the goals, structure, and modeling method of the macroscopic emission model in traffic environment for China. Then, it provides a detailed analysis on the data collection, data analysis, and calculation process for the key modules of such a model. Subsequently, it implements the model using Visual Basic language. Finally, it estimates the emissions for Beijing in 2008 with the developed model, which are also compared with results from the MOBILE emission model.

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Small Sample Based Calculation of Annual Vehicle Kilometers Traveled

WU Da-lei,LIN Yi-qing, PENG Mei-chun, JIANG Wen-ming, WANG Xian-feng

2009, 9(2): 155-160 .

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The annual vehicle kilometers traveled (AVKT) is essential to study the transportation and environmental protection. The key influencing factors of AVKT include vehicle type, regional transportation capacity, and vehicles’ technique conditions. Because it is difficult to obtain the exact value of AVKT under current technical conditions, AVKT has to be estimated according to other data. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of AVKT, this study develops an algorithm to calculate AVKT on the basis of a small sample. The establishment of calculation formula is based on the data of vehicle type, vehicle licensing, accumulated mileage, and vehicle population. This study also proposes an algorithm to calculate vehicle mileage distribution based on the accumulated mileage. The research shows that AVKT is determined by the vehicle type distribution, vehicle age distribution, vehicle mileage distribution, and the accumulated mileage. With consideration of various factors, the method is suitable for a variety of classification standards and can be generalized to some extent. The method is also exemplified by the data and is proved to be feasible.

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RCM Based Design for Comprehensive Maintenance Management Information System of Railway Infrastructure

YU Ze-xi1,2

2009, 9(2): 161-164 .

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To meet the demands of railway infrastructure maintenance, the paper analyzes its core operation steps using reliability-centered maintenance (RCM), which including equipment inspection, inspection data analysis, maintenance decision support analysis, maintenance planning, maintenance production scheduling, maintenance repair operations, and so on. After introducing the design target, comprehensive maintenance management information system in railway infrastructure based on RCM is studied and designed, and the main functions are also illustrated in details. Finally, the key technologies are analyzed according to the system features, including the importance evaluation of equipment, algorithm determining the technical conditions, the preventive maintenance cycle determination, and so on.

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