The Economic Value and Social Condition Analysis of Congestion Pricing

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper analyzes main reasons of recurrent congestion from the demand perspective and explores the effect of private and social marginal cost on travel behavior. It is found that once congestion happened, traffic condition is hard to be improved spontaneously. In order to describe the developing process of congestion equilibrium point, the relationship between travel cost and traffic flow under various vehicle density is studied. Then the paper sought to the impact of congestion pricing on the congestion equilibrium point so as to realize the maximum traffic efficiency. Taking Singapore and London as examples, the paper analyzes two types of congestion pricing, based on links and regions separately. In the end, the social influence of congestion pricing and the social conditions of its implement are stated.

Key words: transportation economy, urban traffic, traffic congestion pricing, traffic demand management, external cost

摘要：

本文从需求的角度，分析了常发性交通拥堵产生的主要原因，边际个人出行成本和边际社会出行成本在驾车人出行选择决策中的作用.认为交通拥堵一旦形成，便很难自发得到改善.研究了不同车辆密度下的出行成本与道路交通流量的关系，拥堵均衡点的形成过程，以及交通拥堵收费政策对改变拥堵均衡点，从而实现最大交通流量的作用.以新加坡和伦敦为例，分析了基于特定路段收费和特定区域收费的两类模式，交通拥堵收费政策对社会的影响，以及政策实施需要的社会条件.

关键词: 交通运输经济, 城市交通, 交通拥堵收费, 交通需求管理, 外部成本

CLC Number:

JIA Shun-ping, ZHOU Yang-fan, ZHANG Si-jia. The Economic Value and Social Condition Analysis of Congestion Pricing[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2014, 14(1): 14-19.

贾顺平，周洋帆，张思佳. 交通拥堵收费的经济意义与社会条件分析[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2014, 14(1): 14-19.

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URL: http://www.tseit.org.cn/EN/abstract/abstract18706.shtml

http://www.tseit.org.cn/EN/Y2014/V14/I1/14

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