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    25 February 2014, Volume 14 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    The Position and Role of Parking System in Urban Traffic
    ZHANG Guo-wu
    2014, 14(1): 2-8. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (967KB) ( )  

    The urban traffic system has three subsystems. The first one is dynamic traffic subsystem which consists of various urban vehicles, relevant maintenance equipments and monitoring facilities. The second one is static traffic subsystem which consists of various urban transportation means, station hubs, and parking facilities. The last one is urban traffic management subsystem which is the comprehensive management for urban traffic, such as policy management, technical management, facility management and operation management. The 33rd conference of “Traffic and Transportation Forum 7+1” sets its theme as “The Position and Role of Parking System in Urban Traffic”. It discusses the ubiquitous problem that static facility and construction are relatively weak in urban. The parking system which includes parking facility, parking policy, parking technique and operation management can be obtained comprehensive understanding. To strengthen the understanding, research and development of parking system can relieve the urban traffic jam problem.

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    The Influence of the Third Industrial Revolution on Future Transportation Development
    ZHEN Hong
    2014, 14(1): 9-13. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (975KB) ( )  

    There has been no literature elaborating on the influence of The Third Industrial Revolution on future transportation development so far. Based on Jeremy Rifkin’s views on The Third Industrial Revolution and internal rules of transportation development, this paper attempts to analyze the influence of The Third Industrial Revolution on future transportation development and outline the transportation development trend as well as development mode. In light of the Revolution, renewable energy with zero emission will be utilized to form ecological transportation system. Thus, transportation, as an important means of regional connection, will have a harmonious relationship with surrounding environment. Transport hub will be served as a crucial center for cargo collection, distribution and delivery to provide a significant tunnel for logistic service supply chain, build flexible transportation system for individuation demand and smart transport with intensive information.

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    The Economic Value and Social Condition Analysis of Congestion Pricing
    JIA Shun-ping, ZHOU Yang-fan, ZHANG Si-jia
    2014, 14(1): 14-19. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (986KB) ( )  

    This paper analyzes main reasons of recurrent congestion from the demand perspective and explores the effect of private and social marginal cost on travel behavior. It is found that once congestion happened, traffic condition is hard to be improved spontaneously. In order to describe the developing process of congestion equilibrium point, the relationship between travel cost and traffic flow under various vehicle density is studied. Then the paper sought to the impact of congestion pricing on the congestion equilibrium point so as to realize the maximum traffic efficiency. Taking Singapore and London as examples, the paper analyzes two types of congestion pricing, based on links and regions separately. In the end, the social influence of congestion pricing and the social conditions of its implement are stated.

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    Land Use and Transportation Model in New Town
    HU Yu-cong, CHEN Hai-wei, LIANG Feng-ming
    2014, 14(1): 20-27. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1096KB) ( )  

    In order to simulate the spatial distribution of land use in new town, this paper proposes a land use and Transportation model in new town based on land prices and traffic location. The distribution function of living and activities in Lowry model is firstly revised by discrete choice theory. Meanwhile, the resident’s site selection utility is defined as a linear model about land rent and traffic location. And then, a balance equation is set up to simulate the assignment of house and activities, and a hybrid genetic algorithm for solving the model is also presented. At last, Guangzhou Nansha new town is taken as the empirical study area to test and verify the model and algorithm. The results reveal that the model is able to analyze the spatial distribution of land use and provide the basis for rational assignment of population and employment in Nansha new town’s short-term development. All these demonstrate the model is effective and available in practice.

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    Simulation of Passenger Flows on Urban Rail Transit Platform Based on Adaptive Agents
    XU Qi, MAO Bao-hua, LI Ming-gao, FENG Xu-jie
    2014, 14(1): 28-33. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1331KB) ( )  

    Modeling and simulation of passenger flows on urban rail transit platform is a key issue in improving operation efficiency and service of level of urban rail transit, which should consider architectural environment, facilities implementation, and transportation organization. To simulate this kind of passenger for planning or evaluation, 3-layer architecture adaptive agent model is proposed to simulate passenger microscopic behaviors, which is based on visual perception module, making-decisions module, and action execution module. In respect of perception of agents, we construct a neuron-model-based perception model of environmental crowding to examine how individual URT passengers on the move represent the visual information of environmental crowding. Then, we define rules for behaviors based on cognitive heuristics for making-decisions module, and propose a discrete rule for the updating of passenger movement state for action execution module. Based on modeling passenger behavior dynamics, a microscopic simulation model for complex passenger flows on urban rail transit platform is developed. As a case study, the passenger flows scenarios of an island platform of urban rail transit station are simulated. Simulation results show that boarding and alighting passengers demand and train departure frequency have a remarkable impact on the maximum number of assembling passengers on platform and efficiency of mustering and evacuating under given conditions of building environment and facilities.

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    Time Effectiveness Analysis of UAV Vehicle Detection Data in Reverse Direction
    DU Rong-yi, PENG Zhong-ren
    2014, 14(1): 34-40. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1411KB) ( )  

    Time effectiveness analysis of aerial detection data is helpful for road traffic parameter estimation, and provides theoretical basis for space/time registration oriented traffic data fusion of air-ground traffic detections. This paper introduces unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) video detection technology, and analyzes its detection characteristics. Considering temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of vehicle detection data, two evaluation indices, absolute effective time and relative effective time are proposed and discussed. We further investigates and examines the impact of UAV flying parameter settings (e.g. detection distance and speed), road length, vehicle speed on time effectiveness of UAV vehicle detection data in reverse direction by means of theoretical derivation method. Meanwhile, the analytical results are validated based on the holographic vehicle trajectory data of I-80 by Matlab programming. It is found that the proposed two evaluation indices can be effectively and competently used to examine and identify the UAV detection capability of the vehicles in reverse direction in terms of vehicle number and vehicle detection rate.

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    Variation Law of Driver’s Main Physiological Indicators Driving on Highway
    HU Li-wei, LIN Yu-zhen
    2014, 14(1): 41-46. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1179KB) ( )  

    In order to explore the variation of driver’s physiological and psychological indicators in driving different levels of highway, a series of real car dynamic experimental is carried out to test the drivers on four categories highway(freeway, first-class highway, second-class highway and third-class highway) utilizing NeXus-10, which is a 10 channel physiological monitoring and a battery powered biofeedback device, intended to monitor and feed back physiological parameters on the human body for relaxation training, muscle reeducation and prescription use. Through analyzing and discussing the physiological characteristics indicators datum (EEG, HR, BVP, RSP, etc.) which are collected by experiment, the dynamic variation law of six types of drivers’ physiological indicators is got on the different levels of highway. The conclusions provide experimental evidence for the highway alignment design, traffic facilities design and set, transportation environmental governance, etc.. It also provides some theoretical reference for the highway traffic management and control.

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    Traffic Signs Recognition and Tracking Based on Feature Color and SNCC Algorithm
    FANG Ze-ping, DUAN Jian-min,ZHENG Bang-gui
    2014, 14(1): 47-52. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1324KB) ( )  

    This paper proposes a scheme of traffic signs recognition and tracking based on feature color and SNCC algorithm, which is used in traffic signs recognition and tracking of intelligent vehicles. In YCbCr color space, color segmentation of the traffic scene images is calculated, and traffic sign regions are obtained. According to background and interior color feature of the standard traffic signs, background and interior color matching templates of traffic signs color feature are designed. The background and the interior color matching templates are as the matching templates, the template matching technology and the SNCC algorithm to calculate matching degree are used to draw and recognize the images of traffic signs. In the Matlab/Simulink environment, the simulation model is established by using video and image processing blockset and User-Defined Functions module. Based on simulation model, recognition results and the tracking of the traffic signs in the traffic scene video are given. The experimental results show that the scheme of traffic signs recognition and tracking can improve the efficiency of the system, and has less calculation amount, and has the better recognition effect.

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    Quantitative Analysis on Complexity of Weaving Segment with Conflicts
    DU Sheng-pin, MA Yong-feng
    2014, 14(1): 53-58. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (991KB) ( )  

    The large number of lanes entering and exiting the weaving segment always leads to the more complex weaving and conflict points among traffic flows. This often makes running condition in weaving segment to be more complex. Focusing on the weaving segments of freeway and urban expressway, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of conflict points and the non-linear relationship between amounts of conflict points and the number of lane at entry and exit using graph and mathematical modeling. Moreover, the calculation equations of diverging point, crossing point and merging point are obtained. Then, the paper proposes the static models of weaving segment complexity and lane complexity. The weaving segment complexity is the quantitative index that can reflect the interference among flows in different directions. The lane complexity is the quantitative index that can reflect interference with the flows on this lane by each flow in weaving segment. These two indexes respectively describe the complexity of total weaving segment and lane in weaving segment, and the higher values indicate more complexity. The calculation results match with statistical analysis and have the same trend as the qualitative analysis, which can be expected to provide a novel concept for dynamic complexity study.

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    Bounding the Efficiency Loss of Mixed Equilibrium in the Transportation Network with Selfish and Altruistic Users
    YU Xiao-jun, ZHANG Wen-zhuan
    2014, 14(1): 59-64. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (967KB) ( )  

    Existing research mainly focuses on the efficiency loss of homogeneous users in the transportation network while little effort has been made to explore the efficiency loss of heterogeneous users. The aim of this article is to investigate the efficiency loss of mixed traffic assignment in the transportation network with selfish and altruistic users. The selfish user chooses a travel path based on the classical user equilibrium (UE) principle and the altruistic user aims to minimize their perceived travel cost (here, the perceived travel cost of each altruistic user is a linear combination of a selfish and altruistic component). Firstly, this article establishes a Variational Inequality (VI) model to depict this mixed traffic assignment. Secondly, the upper bound of this mixed equilibrium traffic assignment is derived by analytic derivation and the relation between the upper bound and the network parameters is obtained. Finally, a numerical example is carried out to validate the analytical result. The analytical and numerical results show that the upper bound of efficiency loss is related to the maximal altruism coefficient, the minimal altruism coefficient and the link travel cost functions.

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    The VOSL in Road Traffic Based on CVM with Dichotomous Choice Formats
    LIU Wen-ge,ZHAO Sheng-chuan
    2014, 14(1): 65-70. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )  

    The value of a statistical life (VOSL) in road traffic is evaluated based on the contingent value method (CVM) with dichotomous choice formats. The questionnaires are designed by using double bounded and triple bounded dichotomous choice formats, and the survey is implemented regarding Dalian private drivers as respondents. The VOSL model is established based on the multinominal logit (MNL) model, and the parameters are calibrated by Gauss. Finally, VOSL is estimated and its factors are analyzed. The study results indicate that the questionnaire with triple bounded dichotomous choice format can better simulate the process of market pricing, the VOSL evaluation model based on triple bounded dichotomous choice format has a higher accuracy and its evaluation result is more reasonable. Moreover, VOSL in road traffic is significantly influenced by three factors that are monthly family income, traffic experience and education.

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    Complex Evolution Process of China’s Air Transport Network
    WANG Jiao-e, MO Hui-hui
    2014, 14(1): 71-80. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2197KB) ( )  

    Graph index and complex network methods were used to evaluate the evolution process of China’s air transport network (ATNC) during 1952-2008. The allometric growth was explored in the development history of ATNC, with the fluctuating growth of nodes (cities) and edges (airlines or city-pairs). The average path length in ATNC was reduced from 5.74 in 1952 to 2.24 in 2008, which showed spatiotemporal convergence and increasing efficiency. In contrast, the clustering coefficient rose from 0 to 0.69. Both the average path length and the clustering coefficient indicated a developing trajectory of small-world network. A hierarchical structure was shaped in the upper airport system with degree over 14. Degree distribution showed the long-tail characteristics from 1952 and 1962, and then turned to a scale-free network. The degree-degree correlation shows as an inverse-U pattern, which is affected by complicated factors such as distance, technology, and economic elements. In summary, the paper gives an analysis on the evolution process of ATNC, which supplement the shortage of the complex network theory model and its application in air transport network, and provides an experimental base for establishing theoretical evolution models.

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    Airline Fleet Assignment Model Based on Time-space Network
    LE Mei-long, HUANG Wen-xiu
    2014, 14(1): 81-87. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1195KB) ( )  

    The fleet planning is an important prerequisite for the airlines’ efficient operations. A method is provided for the airline fleet assignment model, which is based on a time-space network, a function of passengers’ spillover, and a cost function of airline fleet assignment. Based on the known conditions of airline’s flight planning, passengers’ demand distribution, fleet structure and the number of aircraft types, the parameters of airline fleet assignment model are obtained from the time-space network. The new schemes of minimizing the cost of airline fleet assignment and fleet configuration are got by solving the airline fleet assignment model. The instance verifies the method to be scientific and effective. It provides the foundations for decision making of airline fleet assignment.

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    Analysis of Airport Efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta Based on an Improved Network DEA Model
    XU Ai-qing, CHEN Xin, ZHU Jin-fu
    2014, 14(1): 88-94. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (988KB) ( )  

    In order to investigate the status quo of efficiency of airports in the Yangtze River Delta, and provide a theoretical guidance in improving efficiency in the future, the non-increasing intermediate variables are separated from the intermediate variables. An improved network SBM-DEA model is constructed with non-increasing intermediate variables. By setting the cost of unit revenue as an intermediate variable, from the non-radial and non-oriented perspective, this paper analyzes the airport operation from two stages, namely, planning stage and production stage on the assumption of variable returns to scale. It also calculates the overall operational efficiency, planning efficiency and production efficiency of the main airports in Yangtze River Delta in 2010. The results show that the network DEA model with non-increasing intermediate variables is more reasonable than either a traditional DEA model or a free intermediate variable network DEA model. Furthermore, concerning a newly-built airport or a reconstructed airport and an already-existing airport, their respective efficiency and slacks of all variables are measured, and specific opinions and suggestions are provided for improvement.

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    Intersection Airways Conflict Adjustment Time Based on Speed Adjustment Method
    ZHAO Yi-fei, CHEN Lin, WANG Hong-yong
    2014, 14(1): 95-101. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1188KB) ( )  

    The research object of this paper is aircrafts which fly on the same flight level of intersection airways. In order to judge the relationship between distance of two aircrafts and standard flight separation, it considers kinematic equations which change with time to build aircraft flight trajectory equation and predicts flight conflict. Based on the method of speed adjustment of one aircraft, which develops a model of conflict resolution,regarding the value of minimum speed as objective function and determine the latest adjustment time. Then, the thesis analyses the function between the cross track angle and latest speed adjustment time, gets the conclusion that “Speed adjustment value under certain circumstances, when intersection airway angle increase, the ahead adjustment distance decrease.” Finally, choosing the flights which fly on A593 and A461 as example, making a simulation and considering the relation curve of latest adjustment time change with route angle and speed adjustment value. This result provides the reference for the airways planning, also proves the correct of the forward conclusion.

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    Association Rule of Ship Detention Mining and Expressing Algorithm Based on Identification Index
    CHEN Jing, JIN Yong-xing, CHEN Jin-biao, WU Hua-feng, SHI Chao-jian
    2014, 14(1): 102-108. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1092KB) ( )  

    To assist ship’s operators focusing on ship maintenance and PSC inspection, the identification index formula is designed based on the data association concepts, and taking PSC database information features into account. This paper also designs a set of ship detention mining and expressing algorithm. It is applied to analyze the PSC data from Taiwan 10 year’s. It obtains depth information on ship detention, and reveals the risk degree of ship detention. Via developing of visualization software, and multi-layered association of double-code/multi-code, it shows the inherent relationship between codes and detention by figures, and gives a clear reflection of various detention rules in pace with defect code group’s increasingly complex. It provides a scientific, objective and quantitative guidance for ship’s safe navigation and passing PSC inspection.

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    Model and Algorithm for Fleet Assignment Problem Based on Airlines Cost Minimization
    WU Dong-huaa,b, XIA Hong-shanb
    2014, 14(1): 109-116. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (978KB) ( )  

    Aiming at fleet assignment problem, on the basis of flight connecting, flight covering and fleet scale. The objective functions are taken with the minimum variable cost on fleet, the minimum time on ground-holding,the absolute minimum deviation of total flight time and the minimum frequency of taking off and landing. And a 0-1 integer programming mathematical model is established. The historical data of Chinese Orient Airlines Company are analyzed; fuzzy theory are used to demonstrate the model. The result shows that the proposed model is feasible and effective.

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    Optimization of Ro-Ro Ship Loading for Multiple Ports Based on Realistic Constraints
    JIANG Yan-ning, XU Qi, JIN Yan-yan, JIN Zhi-hong
    2014, 14(1): 117-123. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1636KB) ( )  

    Based on the analysis of characteristics of ro-ro ship loading, the ro-ro ship loading problem for multiple ports is formulated as a mixed integer programming, considering realistic restrictions such as the stability of vessels, the efficiency of loading and the income of voyage. With the characteristics of multi-stage, multi-dimensional restrictions, multi-bag combinational optimization, a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed for solving the proposed model. As to the small-scale problems, the GA solved results are quite near to the exact solutions only by 1.4%; as to the large-scale problems, results from the GA are obviously better than those derived from practical dispatching rules, thus the robustness of the proposed algorithm is verified. Furthermore, a MIS based on Visual Basic is developed to realize the visualization of both loading process and loading patterns, which can provide some assistance for real-time decision-making.

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    A Scheduling Algorithm for Container Terminals within PID Control Framework
    LI Bin, YANG Jia-qi
    2014, 14(1): 124-130. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1377KB) ( )  

    The scheduling in container terminal logistics systems (CTLS) is the multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems with strong constraints, giant problem space and NP-Hard difficulty, which is the hot and difficult issue in the theory and practice. The classic PID control thinking is introduced into the scheduling in CTLS. The complex hierarchy, nonlinear and dynamic in CTLS is transformed to be a relatively simple linear relationship that forms the nucleus of a new scheduling algorithm. At the same time, the philosophy of active time window and the variation of PID control are exploited to define the diversified subschema, which assist CTLS to obtain the superb satisfactory solutions in the allowed range of time. At last, the algorithm is performed and evaluated from the perspective of traffic capacity, task latency and load balancing by a case of large-scale container terminal, and the merits are mentioned.

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    Research on Fairway Layout in Bridge Waters
    AI Wan-zheng, DING Tian-ming
    2014, 14(1): 131-137. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1055KB) ( )  

    Bridge area traffic accident is closely related with fairway layout. The important considered factors in bridge waters fairway layout are mainly ship’s dimensions, ship’s maneuvering characteristics and water’s condition are neglected in Chinese fairway layout regulation. It is adverse to ship’s safety navigation if only ship’s dimensions are considered in fairway layout engineering. So it is necessary to study fairway layout in bridge waters based on considering all related factors. Ship’s maneuvering characteristics; water’s condition and the fairway layout method in bridge waters are studied. The results show that fairway’swidth in bridge waters include ship’s track width, distance between ships, additional width caused by ship’s maneuvering characteristics. Meanwhile, the fairway in bridge waters should be outside of pier’s turbulent scope. Fairway layout methods are put forward by using ship maneuvering theory and statistical theory respectively.

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    Analysis of Rao Yong Transportation Chain Choice Based on Mixed Multinomial Logit Model
    ZHANG Rong, ZHU Li-chao, TAO Xue-zong
    2014, 14(1): 138-143. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (961KB) ( )  

    This paper takes road and railway container transportation chain between Shangrao and Ningbo as objectives, and analyzes cost and time composition of railway transportation chain. Then Multinomial Logit Model and Mixed Multinomial Logit Model are established by selecting punctuality, total transportation chain time, total transportation chain cost and safety as utility function variables. The results show that both time and cost play a key role in transportation mode selection process, and the share rate of railway is more sensitive to the change on cost. Share rate of road and railway are analyzed under different assumption scenarios, and share rate enhancement of railway for its service level improvement is calculated quantitatively. Finally, considering the compression space of time and cost, countermeasures are put forward to develop rail-sea intermodal transportation, including total transportation chain time, total transportation chain cost and train operation organization.

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    Accelerating Column Generation for Solving Crew Scheduling Problems
    CHEN Shi-jun, SHEN Yin-dong
    2014, 14(1): 144-149. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (989KB) ( )  

    Column generation is an efficient math programming approach to solve crew scheduling problems. However, it has the drawback of slow convergence. Three accelerating strategies are presented, based on problem-specific knowledge to speed up its solving process. The first one is to remove some ‘bad’ variables from the restricted master problem after a certain number of iterations. The second one is that a strong label cutting rule is presented, and a two-phase solution approach is proposed to solve the subproblem. The last one is that a shift pool strategy which can use the exiting solution information is proposed to reduce the time to solve integer solutions. Finally, ten real-world instances are tested, and the computational results show that the proposed strategies can accelerate the column generation algorithm.

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    Study on Optimal Model of the BRT Operation Scheduling Considering Passengers Transferring from Subway
    WU Jia-qing, SONG Rui, LIN Zheng, LI Shu-bin
    2014, 14(1): 150-157. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1135KB) ( )  

    Considering the passengers transferring from subway impact on the BRT operation scheduling during the peak hours, in this paper the multi-objective programming model is proposed, which target to maximized passengers flow, minimized user cost and operation cost. A heuristic algorithm is developed to solve the model. By example, the optimal headways can be acquired and the value is 2 minutes, but in this case there is some passenger loss. The headway value only is 1 minute if ensuring no passenger loss, but the operating costs will substantially increase and there is a serious waste of capacity. All the index value have not changed including the optimal solution only the passengers waiting cost and the total cost in stepped variation when passenger tolerance change from 5 min to 15 min, that is to say, the optimal headway is not sensitive to passenger tolerance in the case of numerous passenger flow. The results also show that the headway should be made based on the actual demand.

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    Decision Rule Acquisition of Route Selection for Rapid Transit Line
    TANG Min-an, WANG Xiao-ming, LI Ying
    2014, 14(1): 158-165. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1154KB) ( )  

    Decision rule of route selection for rapid transit line determines the public transport effect. According to the current existing bus lines ability of passenger traffic survey data, combining with “rapidity, mass transit” characteristics of BRT lines, this paper is to find and extract important decision rules of route selection, For the problem of route selection, it is required to acquire evolution rule of system status from the changes of multiple environment variable factors, and all kinds of factors are of “fuzziness” uncertainty characteristics. FLS has the advantages of processing non-quantitative variable, but has the disadvantage of deficient learning capability. The BP neural fuzzy system structure and algorithm is given based on fuzzy inference, to improve its learning capability. Meanwhile, in order to overcome the existing limitations of BP neural network, it puts forward the thought of algorithm improved on the basis of GA. The model and effectiveness of the algorithm are clarified by computational experiments. The results can provide reference for the transit route selection and planning.

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    Research on Optimal Routing of Community Shuttle Connect Rail Transit Line
    XIONG Jie, GUAN Wei, HUANG Ai-ling
    2014, 14(1): 166-173. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1642KB) ( )  

    Community shuttle plays an important role in the efficient operation of public transit microcirculation. The optimization of community shuttle routes is also an important work to enable community shuttles to connect rail lines well. This paper defines the potential passenger demand indicators from the view of segments in a given network first, then aims at generating a cyclic route with the objective of maximizing the potential passenger demand, considering the maximum travel time constrain and the characteristics of the cyclic routes. In solving the problem, a set of algorithm for crossover and mutation of route segments is presented, by this a genetic algorithm (GA) can be carried out smoothly to solve the problem as a heuristic algorithm. At last, a case study of Tiantongyuan Community in Beijing is presented. GA and a depth first search (DFS) are both presented to work out the optimal shuttle route serviced for the community based on the passenger count data. The results show that the solution obtained by GA is the optimal route in this case, so GA is feasible in solving this kind of problem.

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    Departure Processes Model for Left-turn Laneson Waiting Area
    CHEN Yong-heng, BAI Qiao-wen, WEI Xue-yan
    2014, 14(1): 174-179. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1134KB) ( )  

    The departure processes model is formulated for left-turn lanes on waiting area, depending on the theory of traffic wave. The model adopts cumulative curve which is based on arrival rate, departure rate and spreading rate of starting wave. According to this model, the max queue length, the minimum green time, the optimum green time and the maximum red time of left-turn phase can be determined. On the condition that channelization and signal timing method of intersection are invariable, the increment of vehicle released per cycle can be calculated through the departure processes model, moreover, the increment of left-turn lanes capacity. The result can also be used as an academic reference for optimizing signal control parameters.

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    Pricing Models in a Highway with Bottleneck Based on Reference-dependent Theory
    WANG Wei, SUN Hui-jun
    2014, 14(1): 180-186. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1078KB) ( )  

    Every morning commuters travel on a highway that has a bottleneck with fixed flow capacity. If the departure rate of commuters exceeds the capacity of bottleneck, the traffic congestion will develop. This paper studies toll schemes designed to alleviate congestion problems that result from a road bottleneck. With three reference points: the earliest acceptable arrival time, the preferred arrival time and the work starting time, a highway bottleneck model based on reference-dependent theory is constructed. The user equilibrium and social optimum are analyzed, and the optimal time-varying toll scheme is given accordingly. Further, two single-step toll schemes are proposed, and the charging level, pricing time and tolling effect of each single-step toll scheme are obtained. The results show that the effect of single-step toll scheme depend on not only the tolling level and the charging time, but also commuters’ reference-dependent preference and loss-aversion characteristic.

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    Model of Emergency Vehicle Scheduling under Uncertainty
    ZHAO Han-tao1, MAO Hong-yan2, HUANG Rui-jin3
    2014, 14(1): 187-191. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (984KB) ( )  

    To improve emergency response efficiency under uncertainty, the urban emergency vehicle scheduling model is optimized by the use of mathematical planning. Existing scheduling models are only built in accordance with current incidents while ignoring future incidents. Differently, to prevent future incidents, this paper establishes the mathematical formula which minimized the overall response time cost with weight as the objective function. From the perspective of time and space constraints, travel time calculation of emergency vehicle is discussed under different traffic flow. Case results show that, if the potential incidents really occur, the overall response time cost will be minimized by the scheduling policy. Furthermore, confidence level is selected to measure what extent the future incidents should be considered in response system. Meantime future serious incidents should be focused on prevention as confidence level tends to one, while current incidents would be responded with a priority as confidence level tends to zero.

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    Profit Optimization of Taxi Firm When Charging Taxis with Toll in the Pricing Zone
    ZHU Jin-cheng, SHUAI Bin, SUN Chao-yuan
    2014, 14(1): 192-199. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1043KB) ( )  

    The issue that profit optimization of taxi firm is investigated when charging taxis with toll in the pricing zone. The competition among private car, public transit and taxi is introduced and the impact of customer and taxi waiting time on mode split is taken into account. A bi-level programming is proposed, where the lower-level is a combined network equilibrium model formulated as an equivalent variational inequality program. The upper-level aims to maximize the profit of taxi firm. A heuristic algorithm is developed to solve the lower-level formulation, whereas the bi-level problem can be solved by the Genetic Algorithm. The results of numerical example indicate that the profit of taxi firm can be improved when taxi firm reasonably shares the congestion charge with taxi drivers and customers, respectively. Furthermore, as taxi fleet size grows, the profit of taxi firm initially increases and then declines, while the optimal proportion of taxi firm paying the congestion fee originally decreases with fleet size and increases later.

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    Capacity Calculation Method of Urban Road All-way Stop-controlled Intersections
    LI Ai-zeng, SONG Xiang-hong
    2014, 14(1): 200-208. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1146KB) ( )  

    By analyzing traffic flow running characteristics on urban road all-way stop-controlled intersections, the methods of simplifying conflicting traffic flows for through combined and left-turn combined vehicles are introduced with consideration of equivalent people groups’ effect. Taking vehicles’ and equivalent people groups’ arriving mode into account, platoon analysis method is applied, capacity calculation models for through combined and left-turn combined traffic flows are established. Applying minimum follow-up time theory, capacity calculation models of right-turn traffic flows are obtained, and the adjustment factors are obtained as well with consideration of the equivalent people groups’ effect. The capacity calculation models of all-way stop-controlled intersections are obtained. The case study indicates that the capacity calculation models are in accordance with the traffic flow running characteristics in China, and the calculation process is simpler than iterative method as well.

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    Establishing Method of Driving Cycles for Transit Buses Based on VSP Distributions
    LAI Jin-xuan1, YU Lei1,2, SONG Guo-hua1, GUO Pei3, CHEN Xu-mei1
    2014, 14(1): 209-214. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2879KB) ( )  

    The driving cycle is one key parameter for the vehicle emission estimation of transit buses. This paper collects a total of 313,499 data from heavy duty diesel vehicles of 14 transit lines using the portable GPS, by which different driving cycles for BRT, rapid transit buses, and regular transit buses are developed and validated for low, middle and high speed ranges based on the vehicle specific power (VSP). It is found from the results that the RMSEs between VSP distributions of the developed driving cycles and the validation data sample is less than 2%, while RMSEs between VSP distributions of the Four-Mode driving cycle and the validation data sample are as much as 5.7%. It indicates that the developed driving cycles can estimate the emissions from the transit buses more accurately than the Four-Mode cycle.

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    Traffic Oscillation Properties on Roads Intersection
    WANG Zhi-gang,SHI Qin,WANG Nan-nan,DING Jian-xun
    2014, 14(1): 215-220. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1697KB) ( )  

    This paper investigates traffic oscillation properties on roads intersection from frequency-domain perspective. According to the traffic oscillation characteristics on the roads intersection, a data sequence from the detector is the superposition of three sets of sinusoidal components, representing high-frequency noise, low-frequency trend and mid-range oscillations. The analysis found that the low-frequency signal relates to the changes of driving cycle generated by varying traffic demand, the high-frequency noise relates to the local random perturbations like driving behavior, and the mid-range oscillations relate to the frequently accelerating-decelerating operations in the driving cycles. So it proposes a de-trended fluctuation analysis to eliminate low-frequency velocity data trend, and use the Wavelet analysis method to eliminate high-frequency noise, and then apply the Frequency Analysis to study the wave characteristics for traffic stream on the different locations. The results show that the obviously wave at near the roads intersection.

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    Time Space Distribution Characteristics of Taxi Shift in Beijing
    SUN Rui, YU Hai-tao, DU Yong
    2014, 14(1): 221-228. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (3802KB) ( )  

    With the development of economic society and urban construction, it is outstanding that the disequilibrium of taxi supply-demand and low services level. It is essential that researches on characteristics of taxi operation, especially on taxi shift, which will contribute to observe taxi shift affects the supplying ability of taxi. Based on Beijing taxi data and spatial analysis algorithm for taxi shift, three indexes, which are the amount of vehicles for taxi shift, the percent of vehicles for taxi shift and detecting intensity for taxi shift, are designed to analyze the time space distribution characteristic of taxi shift by sample analysis. The result shows that the variation of the amount of vehicles for taxi shift in the day consistent with the change of travel demand, which the amount of vehicles for taxi shift are in the low level from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. Location for taxi shift lies in the area around the freeway, which had significant area-central character. It is obvious that interval for taxi shift affect the time space distribution of taxi shift.

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    Holiday Travel Behavior Analysis under Integrated Multimodal Travel Information Service
    WANG Bo-bin,SHAO Chun-fu, SUN Yi-xuan, LI Juan, JI Xun
    2014, 14(1): 229-234. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1061KB) ( )  

    Based on the RP-SP fusion data obtained from the holiday travel behavior survey in 2012, the integrated multimodal travel information (IMTI) is taken as the research condition. It develops the Nested Logit model under IMTI, on the bases of trip chain complexity and trip mode choices (Chain-Mode). The effectiveness of the model is identified by the inclusive value and dissimilarity parameter. The result shows that 9% of the travelers will cancel their travel in holidays, and 13% will change their trip modes under the influence of IMTI. At the meantime, travel cost, parking fee, car ownership, gender, information demand, travel time and trip distance are dominant factors that influence the Chain-Mode choices in holidays. Higher parking fee and longer travel time and trip distance will encourage people to choose a complex chain. Besides, the trip mode with low travel cost and high information demand have the high probability to be chosen.

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    Parking Demand Forecasting Method in Old Town Based on Current Survey
    WU De-hua
    2014, 14(1): 235-241. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1991KB) ( )  

    To overcome the limitations of traditional urban parking demand forecasting method, which predict the parking demand of the old town, the paper studys the parking demand forecasting method of the old town. On the base of contrasting the advantages and disadvantages among traditional parking demand forecasting methods, a new parking demand forecasting method is put forward to use the correlation between the motor vehicle growth rates and parking demand. The method has obvious advantages than traditional prediction method in predicting the reliability, costs of investigation and prediction parking distribution depth. Case study results show that the relative error of the recent forecast less than 5% compared with the method based on the number of cars, the investigation cost savings 30%-40% than the motor vehicle OD prediction method and traffic-parking demand forecasting method, and the forecast parking distribution can be obtained for each traffic survey within the district. The results also show that the method can be applied and promoted in the old town parking demand forecasting.

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