Abstract:

At the historical period of extensive airport construction, the study on airport capacity expansion and efficiency change has a very important realistic sense. In this paper, the airports operation efficiency is firstly analyzed, and then the driving forces of airport capacity expansion as well as its influence on airport efficiency are analyzed. The result shows that hub airports have higher operation efficiency and lower productivity growth rate than un-hub airports. The driving forces of airport capacity expansion come from two aspects: one is business growth rate, the higher the airport is inclined to expand; another is productivity growth rate (Malmquist index), the lower the airport is inclined to expand. At last, airport capacity expansion could lead to a sharp jump of efficiency, however, it will recover normal level at a short period. These evidences indicate in Chinese airport capacity expansion is reasonable at economical and operational level, and the airport investment strategy of the authorities could be feasible and effective.

Key words: transportation, efficiency, DEA-Malmquist, airport capacity expansion 收

摘要：

在我国大规模建设机场的关键历史时期，对机场容量扩张与运营效率的研究具有重要的现实意义.本文首先基于DEA-Malmquist 模型分析我国机场的运营效率及其动态变化，然后基于Logit/Tobit 模型分析了机场容量扩张的驱动力因素及其对运营效率的影响.结果表明，我国枢纽机场相对于非枢纽机场具有更高的运营效率和更低的生产率增长速度；机场容量扩张的主要驱动力来自于两方面：一是业务量增长速度，该指标越大机场越倾向于扩张；二是生产率增长速度，该指标越小机场越倾向于扩张.最后，机场容量扩张会导致当期运营效率出现断崖式下跌，但一般会在短期内迅速恢复至正常水平，且枢纽机场的容量扩张会抑制效率损失.这些证据表明我国机场容量扩张在经济层面和运营层面是基本合理的，当局的机场投资战略可行且效果良好.

关键词: 航空运输, 运营效率, DEA-Malmquist, 机场容量