Optimal Subsidy Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging
 Infrastructure Considering Power Disparities

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.012

Abstract

Abstract: In order to address the issue of localized supply-demand mismatches and limited incentives in the current subsidy policies for charging infrastructure, this study develops a tripartite dynamic game model involving the government, charging operators and consumers. It utilizes operational data selecting from typical Chinese cities to conduct multi-scenario simulations, with the objective of examining the effects of construction subsidies, operational subsidies, and their combinations on the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the resulting socio-environmental outcomes. The findings indicate that a differentiated construction subsidy model based on charging power can more effectively guide the deployment of DC/AC charging piles in public areas with a high demand for fast charging. In residential areas, uniform per-unit subsidies have been shown to be more effective in encouraging consumer adoption and expanding the EV user base. Simulation analysis reveals that as the industry decarbonizes, preferences for fast-charging intensify and infrastructure costs decline, public-area subsidies are suggested to transition from construction-focused to hybrid approaches. When the annual environmental benefits per vehicle exceed 16000 yuan, the operation- oriented subsidies have been demonstrated to be the most effective strategy for promoting electric vehicle adoption. As the charging infrastructure industry enters a phase of high-quality development, the government should progressively reduce the scale of construction subsidies while enhancing operational subsidies. This strategy would optimize the effectiveness of policy and ensure the maximization of environmental benefits.

Key words: transportation economy, subsidy strategies, game theory, charging infrastructures, electric vehicles

摘要： 针对当前充电设施补贴政策存在的局部供需错配与激励不足等问题，本文构建政府-充电设施运营商-消费者三方博弈模型，结合我国典型城市运营数据开展多情景仿真，系统分析建设补贴、运营补贴及其组合策略对电动汽车普及率与社会环境效益的影响机制。研究发现：在快充需求较强的公共区域，宜实施按充电功率的差额建设补贴，激励运营商优化直流/交流桩配置；在快充偏好较弱的住宅区域，适用基于桩数的等额建设补贴，扩大电动汽车用户基数。仿真分析表明，随着绿色化进程推进、消费者快充偏好增强和设施成本下降，公共区域补贴策略需由单一建设补贴向建设-运营组合策略动态调整；当车辆年均环境效益超过16000元·veh^-1时，运营导向型补贴在电动汽车推广方面效果最为显著。随着充电设施行业进入高质量发展阶段，政府应逐步缩减建设补贴规模并强化运营补贴力度，以提升政策效能并实现社会环境效益最大化。

关键词: 交通运输经济, 补贴策略, 博弈论, 充电设施, 电动汽车

CLC Number:

WANG Fulin, HUANG Haijun. Optimal Subsidy Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Considering Power Disparities[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(5): 135-144.

王福麟, 黄海军. 考虑功率差异的电动汽车充电设施补贴策略研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(5): 135-144.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: http://www.tseit.org.cn/EN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.05.012

http://www.tseit.org.cn/EN/Y2025/V25/I5/135

References

[1] 杜鹏. 新时期我国交通运输业碳减排的任务与对策[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2024, 24(6): 1-4. [DU P. Tasks and measures of carbon emission reduction for China's traffic and transportation industry in the new period[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(6): 1-4.]

[2] 李晓敏, 刘毅然. 充电基础设施对新能源汽车推广的影响研究[J]. 中国软科学, 2023(1): 63-72. [LI X M, LIU Y R. Research on the impact of charging infrastructure on the promotion of new energy vehicles[J]. China Soft Science, 2023(1): 63-72.]

[3] KUMAR R R, CHAKRABORTY A, MANDAL P. Promoting electric vehicle adoption: Who should invest in charging infrastructure?[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2021, 149: 102295.

[4] SHAO J, JIANG C, CUI Y, et al. A game-theoretic model to compare charging infrastructure subsidy and electric vehicle subsidy policies[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2023, 176: 103799.

[5] YU J J, TANG C S, LI M K, et al. Coordinating installation of electric vehicle charging stations between governments and automakers[J]. Production and Operations Management, 2022, 31(2): 681-696.

[6] FENG J, YAO Y, LIU Z, et al. Electric vehicle charging stations' installing strategies: Considering government subsidies[J]. Applied Energy, 2024, 370: 123552.

[7] YU Y, ZHA D, ZHOU D, et al. Promoting the adoption of electric vehicles through private charging infrastructure: Should subsidies be for the builder or non-builder?[J]. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 2025, 192: 104368.

[8] ZHANG W, DOU Y. Coping with spatial mismatch: Subsidy design for electric vehicle and charging markets [J]. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 2022, 24(3): 1595-1610.

[9] CHEN R, MENG Q, YU J J. Optimal government incentives to improve the new technology adoption: Subsidizing infrastructure investment or usage?[J]. Omega, 2023, 114: 102740.

[10] 凌帅, 郭济源, 李悦, 等. 充电基础设施补贴该如何审时度势？基于多方动态博弈分析[J]. 中国管理科学, 2024, 32(6): 290-300. [LING S, GUO J Y, LI Y, et al. How should charging infrastructure subsidies assess the situation? Analysis based on multi-party dynamic game [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32 (6): 290-300.]

[11] 翁剑成, 周慧缘, 张梦媛, 等. 考虑城市与群体异质的新能源车激励策略有效性研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(1): 2-14. [WENG J C, ZHOU H Y, ZHANG M Y, et al. Effectiveness of new energy vehicle incentive strategies considering urban and population heterogeneity[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(1): 2-14.]

[12] 李冬冬, 林雯窈,高伟伟,等.考虑消费者里程焦虑的电动汽车充电基础设施补贴政策研究[J]. 系统工程理论与实践, 2025, 45(5): 1644-1659. [LI D D, LIN W Y, GAO W W, et al. Optimal electric vehicle charging infrastructure subsidy with consumer range anxiety[J]. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice, 2025, 45(5): 1644-1659.

[13] JAVAZI I, ALINAGHIAN M, KHOSROSHAHI H. Evaluating government policies promoting electric vehicles, considering battery technology, energy saving, and charging infrastructure development: A game theoretic approach[J]. Applied Energy, 2025, 390: 125799.

[14] LI K, WANG L. Optimal electric vehicle subsidy and pricing decisions with consideration of EV anxiety and EV preference in green and non-green consumers[J]. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 2023, 170: 103010.

[15] 徐素秀, 谢冰, 秦威, 等. 电动汽车充电与换电模式定价及投资策略[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2021, 21 (5): 183-189. [XU S X, XIE B, QIN W, et al. Pricing and investment strategies for electric vehicle battery charging and swapping[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2021, 21(5): 183-189.]

Optimal Subsidy Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Considering Power Disparities

考虑功率差异的电动汽车充电设施补贴策略研究

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	WANG Wanle, ZHONG Ming, HUNT John douglas. Methods for Assessing Wider Economic Benefits of Urban Transportation Infrastructure Based on Integrated Modeling [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(4): 1-12.
[2]	WEI Liying, FENG Mei, WU Runze. Game Mechanism and Guiding Strategy of Intelligent Connected Transit Signal Priority [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(2): 95-107.
[3]	SHANG Ting, XU Hao, LIANG Ye, ZHOU Ao. Visual Load Analysis of Underground Ring Road Junctions Using Game Theoretic Cloud Object Elements [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(1): 345-354.
[4]	FENGLin, CAI Jianglang, JIA Peng. Competitive Dynamics Among Heterogeneous New Energy Vehicle Manufacturers Under Dual-credit Policy [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(6): 30-46.
[5]	LIU Bin, MAChaofana, TIAN Zhiqiang, LI Xinjie. Flexible Ticket Setting Method for High-speed Railway Considering Passenger Travel Characteristics [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(6): 242-253.
[6]	YUE Guoyong, HU Hao. Impact of "Star-Type" High-speed Railway Network on High-quality Development of Regional Social Economy [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(5): 24-36.
[7]	DUAN Lizhen, HE Mingwei, HE Min, PU Ronghui. Bi-level Programming Method for Differentiated Toll Rate Optimization of Expressway Empty Freight Vehicle [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(5): 197-204.
[8]	LIU Zhaoran, ZHU Lichao. Effects of Carbon Emission Reduction from Freight Structure Adjustment at Provincial Level in China [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(2): 24-33.
[9]	JIN Jiachen, YINMing. Analysis of Structural Dynamics and Progression of Technology Innovation Networks in China's Port and Shipping Industry [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(1): 24-34.
[10]	MIAO Tingting, HUANG Haijun. Agglomeration Externalities, Congestion Externalities and Optimal Toll for a Two-city System [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(1): 46-54.
[11]	WANG Weili, XIAO Yuqing, ZHOU Hui, ZHANG Weisi. Conflict Analysis of Electric Bicycle and Vehicle at Unsignalized Intersection Based on Game Theory [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(1): 149-158.
[12]	GE Xianlong, WANG Bo, YANG Yushu, YANG Tanyue, YIN Zuofa. Coordinated Charging Schedule Optimization for Electric Vehicles Considering Travel Characteristics [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(1): 240-252.
[13]	YAO Zhigang, WANG Shujie, GONG Linwei. Measuring Inequality of Bus Service Between Urban and Rural Areas Based on Decomposition of Gini Coefficient: A Case of Haining City in Zhejiang Province [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2024, 24(1): 282-289.
[14]	WU Lan, LU Hao-dong, YIN Chao-ying, CHENG Ying-ji, REN Si-qi. Freight Carbon Emissions in Yangtze River Delta Region Based on Impact of Freight Volume and Energy Intensity [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2023, 23(6): 1-10.
[15]	SHEN Jia-qi, LIU Hao, ZHANG Rong. Measurement of Road Automobile Transport Price and Analysis of Rail Competitiveness Considering Fuel Price Changes [J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2023, 23(4): 47-54.