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25 June 2014, Volume 14 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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On Ideal and Strategic Design of Integrated Transport System Planning MAO Bao-hua 2014, 14(3): 1-8.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1477KB) ( )   Planning is of great significance to the facility development in developing areas. Based on the concept of integrated transport, the paper explores some issues of the ideal and the strategic design involved in integrated transport planning. Upon the analysis on the principles in transport operations, it points out the problems, mistakes and key relationships among factors in practical transport planning of China. With author’s experiences in regional planning and researches, it also advances the techniques and methods that may be applied in avoiding problems in integrated transport planning. The author concludes that a good strategic design relates to the understanding of the social and economic development goals in the planning region. It is important to emphasize the constraints of strategic planning targets on the context of short-term and middleterm planning schemes. The level of service, instead of network scale, is a more important indicator to evaluate a regional transport planning, and the operational planning is also a key to transport planning schemes even during preliminary planning stages. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interactive Relationship between Urban Spatial Expansion and Mobility Growth in China DING Chuan, LIN Yao-yu,WANG Yao-wu 2014, 14(3): 9-15.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1615KB) ( )   There is a close relationship between urban spatial expansion and mobility growth. To investigate the degree of mutual influences and characteristics of interactive equilibrium between them since the reform and opening in China, this paper uses the econometric methods based on the data of urban spatial expansion and mobility growth during the period1985-2010. The empirical results show that there is a long-term stable interactive equilibrium relationship between urban spatial expansion and mobility growth. The study finds that the mobility growth exerts a hysteretic impact on the urban spatial expansion. The dominant factor influencing the urban spatial expansion is from its own and the impact of mobility growth on urban spatial expansion is little in early years. However, the mutual impacts between them reach a stable equilibrium in the long-term. It is helpful to recognize the relationship between urban spatial expansion and mobility growth in China, so that some measures can be taken to response to the urban expansion problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influences of Social Norm on Urban Travel Modal Choice Behavior ZHANG Dong, YANG Xiao-guang 2014, 14(3): 16-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1295KB) ( )   To promote voluntary shift to more sustainable urban transport, this paper studies the modal choice behavior from a social psychological perspective, with constructs of social norm. A path model is proposed considering impacts of three different kinds of social norms on travel modal choice behavior, and is calibrated with survey data from Shanghai, China. It demonstrates that subjective norm and personal norm influence public transport use intention and further the actual deeds, while descriptive norm influence public transport usage both directly and indirectly, via public transport use intention and private car ownership. Individual car ownership is jointly influenced by income and descriptive norm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Complex Dynamics of Airlines’Price Competition and Effectiveness of Price Regulation Policies HU Rong，ZHANG Jun 2014, 14(3): 22-27.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1545KB) ( )   To investigate the complex dynamics of airlines’price competition and to verify the effectiveness of the government price regulation policies, this study develops a dynamic price competition model of airlines with duopoly. The model is based on the theory of bifurcation of dynamical systems. The existence and stability of equilibrium points of this model are also discussed. The complex dynamics of this model in different market parameters are examined by numerical simulation. The results show that the speed of price adjustment has an obvious impact on the stability of model. Compared with the equilibrium average profits, all airlines’average profits decrease obviously when chaos is occurred. It’s necessary and effective for CAAC to implement the price regulation policies. Two kinds of regulation policies are both effective to make chaotic price competition well- ordered. The key of regulation policies is to give an appropriate range of floating price. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Complex Dynamics of Airlines’Price Competition and Effectiveness of Price Regulation Policies 2014, 14(3): 28-33.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1352KB) ( )   To investigate the complex dynamics of airlines’price competition and to verify the effectiveness of the government price regulation policies, this study develops a dynamic price competition model of airlines with duopoly. The model is based on the theory of bifurcation of dynamical systems. The existence and stability of equilibrium points of this model are also discussed. The complex dynamics of this model in different market parameters are examined by numerical simulation. The results show that the speed of price adjustment has an obvious impact on the stability of model. Compared with the equilibrium average profits, all airlines’average profits decrease obviously when chaos is occurred. It’s necessary and effective for CAAC to implement the price regulation policies. Two kinds of regulation policies are both effective to make chaotic price competition well- ordered. The key of regulation policies is to give an appropriate range of floating price. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hybrid Map Matching Algorithm Based On Mobile Base Station Data HE Zhao-cheng，CHEN Zhan-qiu，FAN Qiu-ming，CHU Jun-fei 2014, 14(3): 34-42.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1832KB) ( )   Traffic information collection based on mobile communication is one of the emerging technolo- gies of intelligent transportation system, the foundation of this method is positioning the vehicle- mounted mobile phone on electronic map, and the key to solve vehicle-mounted mobile positioning is the map match- ing technology. The basic rules of switching behavior is obtained form vehicle- mounted mobile phone, via analyzing the actual handover data of cell-towers generated from vehicle-mounted mobile phone which run- ning on different network. To study the key problem of map matching by using handover data of cell-towers, combining with the data structure characteristic of the electronic map. On the basic of using handover pair of cell-towers instead of stability switching sequence, a hybrid algorithm is put forward which combines coordi- nates of base station with pattern sequences matching to narrow the chosen sections set, deal with the inter- section and parallel sections, and improve correct matching rate. Finally, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center is selected for the test area, it verifies the algorithm is feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Status Identification Based on Monte Carlo Simulation QIAN Chao, XU Na, XU Hong-ke, DAI Liang, LI Xue 2014, 14(3): 43-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1552KB) ( )   A method of using traffic flow parameters is proposed for traffic status identification based on Monte Carlo simulation. Clustering analysis of four kinds traffic status is realized by applying FANNY algo- rithm, and SVC traffic status identification model is established using Monte Carlo simulation method. Fixed window model and sliding window model are built respectively to identify and conduct comprehensive evalu- ation on traffic status. Results indicate that the method can achieve accurate identification of real-time traffic flow parameters, especially with sliding window model, of which average identification accuracy, recall and F-measure are 97.98%, 94.64% and 96.21% respectively. It provides scientific methods and data support for analyzing evolution regularity and development trend of traffic status, as well as establishing emergency op- eration mechanism such as prediction and forewarning, emergency disposal and information release. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Segmentation Method of License Plate Image Based on PCNN Model with Visual Attention Mechanism YANG Na，CHEN Hou-jin，CHEN Yi-qiang 2014, 14(3): 51-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1872KB) ( )   In the vehicle image, the license plate bares the characteristics of small proportion, random posi- tion, different sizes and sensitive to light in segmentation. The segmentation of license plate image has al- ways been one of the urgent problems in vehicle tracking and identification fields. In view of this, this paper proposes a segmentation method for license plate image based on pulse coupled neural networks model with visual attention mechanism. The method combines data driven pattern and task driven pattern of visual atten- tion mechanism. In the data driven pattern, the receptive field function of PCNN model is optimized, result- ing in scale and orientation. In task driven pattern, the target’s feature scale and optimal scale are adaptively determined using combined invariant moment and local gray entropy. The final segmentation result is pro- duced by comparing feature values at different scales. Experimental results show that the segmentation of li- cense plate image achieves good performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Driver’s Dynamic Visual Characteristics and Laws under Different Highway Environments HU Li-wei, LI Yao-ping, LIN Yu-zhen 2014, 14(3): 58-63.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1732KB) ( )   To study drivers’dynamic visual behavior patterns when driving on different grades of highway. Drivers are classified into six categories based on ages, driving experiences, gender, and educational back- grounds. The index dates on the visual character are collected when drivers are driving on the different grades of highway. A comparative analysis of index dates on the visual character is conducted using mathe- matical statistics and regression analysis. The distribution of the driver’s gaze, glance and the blink changes is studied quantitatively. The results showed that speed, vision and gaze distance are significantly correlated, and the number of stimuli by information and the number of reaction errors increase with increasing speed. Furthermore, the driver’s vision indicators, such as gaze point, horizontal search breadth, vertical search breadth, saccade amplitude, and saccade speed follow regularity distribution when the types of the driver are different and the grades of highway are also varied. The study is helpful for the design, setting and manage- ment of highway transport facilities, and will be conductive to highway traffic safety and efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determining Traffic State Evolution Index on Urban Arterial Road GONG Jin-li, PENG Xian-wu 2014, 14(3): 64-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1721KB) ( )   To describe the traffic state evolution over time in an accurate and objective manner, this paper proposes the method to determine Traffic State Evolution Index on urban arterial road. Based on the fixed- point data, five congestion indexes are defined from both quantitative and qualitative aspects. And they are ar- ranged into“time series”in chronological sequence to reflect traffic state evolution. After these time-series’ dimension are reduced by multivariate statistics method, the Hurst indexes are calculated using R/S analysis method. The results are utilized to test the consistence of time- series, and to find the synthetic indicator which can evaluate the status from two aspects of qualitative and quantitative as Traffic State Evolution In- dex. In the last section, the Loop Detector data from the eastern of Shanghai North-South expressway in 11 days is taken as an example, and it is verified and concluded that factor 1 can be determined as Traffic State Evolution Index. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Travel Mode Character Analysis and Recognition Based on SVM WANG Lei，ZUO Zhong-yi，FU Jun-hao 2014, 14(3): 70-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1593KB) ( )   This paper focuses on travel mode recognition based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) after analyzing the characters of different travel mode, which are extracted from travel trace information collected by smartphone. Firstly, we figure out which parameters can be detected and recorded by smartphone, and ana- lyze the character of travel mode from two aspects which are travel trace and character parameters, to find which are the key parameters to divide each two kind of travel mode, so that we are able to make up the char- acter vectors to recognize different travel mode, and eventually a classifier of Radial Basis Function based SVM can be established. This SVM is trained by travel mode samples from travel trace data in Dalian. As comparisons, Decision Tree and BP Neural Network are used. The result shows that the recognition accuracy rate of SVM is 89.6%, which of BP Neural Network is 85.5%, which of Decision Tree is 77.3%, and sug- gests that the SVM has better recognition performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Stochastic Dynamic Programming Approach for the Equipment Replacement Optimization under Uncertainty FAN (David) Wei, MACHEMEHL Randy,GEMAR Mason,BROWN Leonard 2014, 14(3): 76-84.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1478KB) ( )   In this paper, a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) based optimization model is formulated for the equipment replacement optimization (ERO) problem that can explicitly account for the uncertainty in vehicle utilization. The Bellman approach is developed and implemented to solving the ERO SDP problem. Particular attention is paid to the SDP state-space growth and special scenario reduction techniques are devel- oped to resolve the“curse of dimensionality”issue that is inherent to the dynamic programming method to ensure that the computer memory and solution computational time required will not increase exponentially with the increase in time horizon. SDP software computer implementation techniques, functionalities and the Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) are discussed. The developed SDP-based ERO software is tested and validat- ed using the current Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) vehicle fleet data. Comprehensive numeri- cal results, such as statistical analyses, the software computational time and solution quality, are described and substantial cost-savings have been estimated by using this ERO software. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Analysis of Transportation Network Design Problem under Stochastic Capacity JIANG Yang,SUN Hui-jun，WU Jian-jun 2014, 14(3): 85-90.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1471KB) ( )   The method to accurately simulate users travel behavior in the network design problem (NDP) is one of the most crucial problems. Most research in the network design problem ignores the unreliability as- pect of travel time. Specifically, the mean travel time (MTT), the travel time budget (TTB), and the α - reli- able mean-excess travel time (METT) are employed in the transportation network design problem under an uncertain environment due to stochastic link capacity. Numerical are presented to examine how these models affects decisions under the condition of travel time variability. The experimental results show that the perfor- mance of DRUE and METTUE is better than DUE which is employed in network design problem under vari- ation degrees because of considering travel time variability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Equilibrium Model of Urban Taxi Service Network with Information Systems DU Wei,WANG Xian-jia，Liu Bing-quan 2014, 14(3): 91-96.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1471KB) ( )   Taking taxi by calling system in metropolitans get increasing popular in China. Considering this taxi dispatching service, this paper proposes an equilibrium model of urban taxi service network with infor- mation systems. Based on the traffic data in taxi service network, the model is able to calculate average cus- tomer waiting times in each region using corresponding algorithms. Then, a numerical example is given to il- lustrate the relationship between average customer waiting time and values of parameters in the model. The result reveals that the degree of uncertainty in choosing customer and service mode when taxi is vacant plays an important role in reducing customer average waiting times; the degree of uncertainty on customer demand and taxi services from the perspective of individual taxi drivers and the communication cost in dispatch ser- vice mode cannot obviously affect customer’s average waiting times. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Dynamic Route Choice Based on Ant Colony Algorithm AN Yi-sheng，YUAN Shao-xin，ZHAO Xiang-mo，YUE Yun 2014, 14(3): 97-103.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1406KB) ( )   To ensure the stable operation of urban traffic flow and the rational traffic flow assignment for each road section, this study develops a pseudo-random state transition rules based on dynamic route choice optimization method. The traffic flow and impedance on each road section are calculated, and then the indi- vidual traveler’s route choice behaviors on network nodes are simulated by applying the pseudo- random state transition rules, route and section pheromone update rules. It implements the synthesizing of static prior knowledge, dynamic traffic state and the randomness of route choice. Test example shows that the method is capable of reflecting the overlay and delay effect of route choice under different OD demands. In addition, this method can obtain better network equilibrium compared with the equilibrium assignment method, which will also benefit for achieving the route guidance system with time-varying traffic conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rescheduling of Metro Train Timetable for Delay Reduction and Equilibrium of Trains’Arrival and Departure BAI Yun, CHEN Yao, CHEN Yue, CAO Yun-wen 2014, 14(3): 104-110.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1610KB) ( )   In urban rail transit systems, technical failures of facilities and equipments, drivers’improper manipulation or too many passengers to get on or off trains may prolong train run-time or dwell time, thus causing delays of train movement. In such cases, the original schedule of delayed trains should be adjusted. To guarantee the service quality and avoid the potential safety hazard caused by too many passengers gath- ered in station platforms or a delayed train, this paper proposes an optimized model on timetable reschedul- ing, to reduce the total train delay and improve the equilibrium of trains’arrival and departure. Genetic algo- rithm (GA) is used to attain the solution of the proposed model. Case studies confirm that it is feasible to quickly attain a satisfactory rescheduling solution with the proposed model and approach. The balance be- tween the total delay and equilibrium of trains’arrival and departure could be achieved by alternating the weightings of fitness functions in GA. Additional, in manual driving rail lines, the total train delay and the equilibrium of trains’arrival and departure at stations could be both improved with the proposed approach, in comparison with the strategy in which all delayed trains adopt flat-out runs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Multi-objective Model and Algorithm of Operation Plan for Express Freight Trains ZHANG Yu-zhao, YAN Yu-song 2014, 14(3): 111-116.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1371KB) ( )   The operation plan of express freight trains is the key of transportation organization for railway express freight, as well as important respond to shipper demands. Based on synthetic consideration of shipper demands and railway operation, this paper proposes a multi-objective programming model for operation plan of express freight trains, which takes maximum shipper demands and minimum transport cost of shippers as optimization objectives to realize the distribution of car flows to candidate paths. In the model, the number of marshalling cars for express freight train is set as a decision variable rather than a constant, so that the cha- rateristcs of express freight trains can be well satisfied. Then, according to the charateristic of the model, the paper presents a heusitic Genetic Algorithm with preference information. Finally, a numerical study is con- ducted to test the feasibility of the model and algorithm. The result shows that the proposed method provides references to the organization of railway express freight transportation． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Facility Interdiction Problem Based on Hub-and-Spoke Network with Delay Penalty YANG Jun, SHAO Lu-lu, LIU Shu-ji 2014, 14(3): 117-125.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1381KB) ( )   With increasing airlines carrying out global air transport service based on the model of hub-and- spoke network system, the hub-and-spoke network research gradually draws attention. Regarding hub loca- tion problem, this paper proposes the node complete interdiction problem facing the entire network with de- lay penalty. The problem is divided into two models which are designed to obtain the lower bound and the up- per bound of the increased operation cost. The efficiency of three improved Tabu search algorithms are also compared with a data test. Finally, these two models of interdiction and advanced algorithms are applied in the network of aviation in China, followed by the outcomes analyzed. The critical cities of Chinese aviation are identified. Cities to be fortified with limited resources are classified by the grade of significance. The fi- nancial preparation is recommended in account of the outcomes as well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Route-swapping Dynamic Model on Multi-modal Traffic Network ZHANG Wen-yi, GUAN Wei, FAN Ling-ling, MA Ji-hui, Mao Bao-hua 2014, 14(3): 126-130.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1265KB) ( )   The research carrier of existing route-swapping models is the single mode traffic network. These models cannot describe travelers’route- swapping behaviors on actual multi- modal network. For this, this study suggests utilizing two methods, i.e., proportional expansion and absolute expansion, to capture travel- ers’cost perception psychology towards different travel modes on multi-modal network. The corresponding multi-modal route-swapping dynamic (MRSD) is developed. It is founded that: MRSD can avoid over swap- ping and maintain solution variance; The stationary path flow state of MRSD is equivalent to the multi-mod- al user equilibrium; at stationary path flow state, those used routes within the same mode have the same and minimum actual cost, while cost perception barrier exists between two utilized routes within different modes; All the solutions of MRSD are bounded and converge to the multi-modal user equilibrium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban Road Crossing Pedestrian Risk Perception and Decision Loss CHENG Guo-zhu1，LIU Bo-tong2，WU Li-xin3 2014, 14(3): 131-136.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1353KB) ( )   To provide decision gist for pedestrians in urban road crossing, the paper carries on experiment of pedestrian decision risk, and analyzes pedestrian perceptional risk and decision. Changing rule of pedestri- an perceptional risk with vehicle speed variation is examined, and pedestrian decision loss function is estab- lished. Collision risk probability model is also formulated based on the probability theory. Delay and colli- sion risk loss caused by pedestrian decision are calibrated, respectively. The result shows that crossing is the best decision for pedestrian at low vehicle speed; at medium vehicle speed, there is no evident difference for pedestrian between waiting and crossing, but crossing has fewer losses; at high vehicle speed, pedestrian should not cross for high risk. Even though crossing delay increases, the best solution for pedestrian should be waiting. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bus Passenger Equilibrium Model Based on BRT Station Boarding Guidence ZHENG Xiao-feng, LU Kai, WU Huan, LIU Yong-yang, XU Jian-min 2014, 14(3): 137-141.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1295KB) ( )   In terms of the problem of boarding guidance for bus station passenger, this study develops a boarding guidance model with full consideration of passenger equilibrium. It programs the best passenger guidance schemes. From establishing the passenger equilibrium model for a single bus rapid transit (BRT) route, the passenger equilibrium model is extended to the whole section for many BRT routes. Then, the bus passenger equilibrium model is formulated based on the BRT station boarding guidance. The theatrical and numerical analysis show that the proposed model is able to generate the best passenger guidance schemes that can realize the equilibrium of passenger occupancy rate for BRT routes. The findings of this study may fill the gap in the field of bus station passenger boarding guidance and have wide application prospects and important practical significance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impacts of Spatial Mismatch between Residence and Employment Locations on Urban Residents’Commuting Time Bao Dan-wen,Guo Tang-yi 2014, 14(3): 142-147.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1432KB) ( )   Studies on spatial mismatch between residence and employment locations are often based on measurement of job accessibility. But traditional measuring methods show obvious defects. This paper pro- posed an optimized job accessibility measuring method. Then, the influence of spatial mismatch on commut- ing behavior was analyzed with job accessibility as a quantitative indicator. According to the analysis results, job accessibility shows great variation across urban area of Nanjing: the inner urban area is more accessible to employment than the outer urban area. In addition, regression analysis shows job accessibility has signifi- cant impact on commuting time in general, and the impact is more obvious in low-income group. Higher job accessibility index may encourage shorter commuting time of low-income residents, but have no effect on ex- panding commuting range of low-income residents. They prefer to search job opportunities near to dwelling places, which restricted their commuting modes. The only way to reduce employment hurdle for low-income group is to optimize configuration of public traffic facilities and employment locations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Entropy Change Mechanism of Rail Transit Drivers Competency LI Tao, YE Long 2014, 14(3): 148-153.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1410KB) ( )   To improve the safety of rail transit, this paper develops a competence model of rail transit driv- ers contains basic quality, personality characteristic, professional competence and professional knowledge considering the rail transit system of China. The Entropy Change Mechanism and Dissipative Structure theo- ry are used to construct the competent entropy function, which consists of the structure entropy, order degree entropy and environment entropy. The competent entropy function is able to estimate the positional compe- tence of rail transit drivers scientifically and provides a scientific basis to the safety evaluation and the man- agement of their daily work. Moreover, the empirical data is applied to calculate the entropy of the system and proves that the model and the proposed method are effective and reliable.The research findings indicate that the higher of the rail transit drivers order degree is, the lower of entropy function value is, and vice versa. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Public Traffic Network Modeling with Multi-links AN Xin-lei, LI Yin-zhen, MA Chang-xi 2014, 14(3): 154-161.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1530KB) ( )   This paper develops a new public traffic network model with multi- links based on the existing public traffic network model. The model takes bus lines as the network nodes, and the same bus stops as the network links. Based on the concept of network split, the paper divides the complex public traffic network with multi- links into four different sub- networks for three public bus routes with time- delay. Then taking “Chen system”as the network node, the paper studies the globalsynchronization of the four- links complex network. Changing control degrees and the same bus stops number of some public transport vehicles, the pa- per analyses the impact of bus dispatching and bus lines optimization to the public traffic network balance. At last, numerical simulation is conducted by Matlab. This research provides theory basis for the reasonable dispatch of urban public traffic network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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MFD-Based Regional Traffic Volume Dynamic Control DU Yi-man，WU Jian-ping，JIA Yu-han，XU Ming 2014, 14(3): 162-167.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1651KB) ( )   The rapid urban economic development led to a significant increase of car ownership and also caused various traffic problems. In saturated traffic conditions, the passive signal control usually has limited functions. Therefore, it is necessary to combine traffic control and traffic guidance to form a feedback sys- tem. This study proposed a new traffic management method that focuses on regional traffic volume dynamic control (based on macroscopic fundamental diagram and gating measure) and supplemented by conventional optimization. Meanwhile, traffic simulation model was used to assess the dynamic control. In the case study, the proposed methodology is applied to the West Second Ring Road network located in downtown area of Beijing. Adequate survey and analysis were conducted on current road traffic conditions and traffic problems to seek for a methodology to promote fluent traffic in city center. The result proved that the regional traffic volume dynamic control could ensure steady and orderly regional traffic flow, and enhance the mobility in saturated traffic conditions as well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Competitiveness Analysis of Urban Rail Transit in Airport Access System QIAN Kun, TANG Ji-meng, ZHANG Su-yan, PENG Hong-qin, ZHU Yu-ting 2014, 14(3): 168-173.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1327KB) ( )   Comparing with other countries around the world, China’s urban rail transit shares relative low transportation composition in the airport access system. This paper analyzes the main factors impact on the competitiveness of each transportation mode in airport access systems. A Multinomial Logit model is pro- posed to attain the market share of each transportation mode in airport access systems.. The cases studies are carried out in Beijing capital airport, which test the correctness and validity of the proposed model. Several strategies are also present to increase the market share of urban rail transit in access system of Beijing capital airport and their effects are analyzed through sensitivity analysis of the proposed model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stochastic User Equilibrium Analysis on Activity-based Transportation Network XU Wen-qiang1,2, HAN Dong-feng3，LIU Ming-jun2 2014, 14(3): 174-178.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1276KB) ( )   To participate in planned activities within the limited time budget and to maximize the total utili- ty, the urban travelers tend to link trips into trip-chaining to reduce travel time. Traditional urban transporta- tion network equilibrium model is one trip-based approach, where trip-chaining made by user are regarded as independence and separation in the network trip assignment incorporating the random utility theory. This pa- per puts forward an activity- based trip- chaining network equilibrium analysis model. Trip assignment pro- cess by trip-chaining and the assignment more accord with the behavior of travelers. Additionally, the model can be employed in roadway congestion charge strategy, where some demerits of traditional model and the four step model are overcome. This paper also gives a case to expound the solution method of activity-based trip-chaining network equilibrium model, and the conclusion is compared to the traditional trip-based model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of the Tolling Level and Tolling Period for Bottleneck Model WEI Yu-guang, XUE Ying, REN Hua-ling 2014, 14(3): 179-186.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1511KB) ( )   This paper mainly analyzes the problem of step-toll on a bottleneck link and optimizes the level and period of congestion pricing in single- step- toll method on a bottleneck link. Firstly, based on Green- shields model, this paper describes the propagation of flow on the bottleneck link, and calculates the travel time and the travel costs of the travelers ’departing at each time. The flows of all the time are adjusted by the relationship between total trip costs and flows until the flows reach the UE equilibrium. And Greenshields model is applied to obtain the queue length and the speed of the moving part at a stable state. Then, the bi-lev- el programming model is established, in which the upper level is to minimize the maximal queue length and to maximize the minimal speed, and the lower programming is to simulate the travel behaviors using the Greenshields model. The bi-level programming model is solved by an improved genetic algorithm, to obtain optimal pricing level and pricing period. Finally, a simple example is given to illustrate the application of the model and the algorithm. The phenomena and conclusions are analyzed by transformation parameters based on optimal pricing level and pricing period. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Driving Style Classification Method for Lane Change Warning System WANG Chang, FU Rui, PENG Jin-shuan, MAO Jin 2014, 14(3): 187-193.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1327KB) ( )   Aiming at the different requirement of lane change warning system for different drivers with dif- ferent driving style, vision sensor, radar, GPS, vehicle CAN bus data capture system are installed in a small passenger car, and real road driving test is carried out. Based on this, real road driving data of different driv- ers is collected. Following headway, lane change headway, overspeed frequency and max turning angle of steering wheel during lane change are selected as judge parameters, and fuzzy evaluation method is used to establish classification model of driving style in the way of offline. Drivers are divided into aggressive driv- er, relatively aggressive, relatively cautious and cautious. Parameters related to lane change safety are used to verify the classification model, and the results show that with the increasing of cautious level, the lane change safety parameters are inclined to safely correspondingly. The consistency between driving style classi- fication model and lane change safety real judge parameters is good. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A K-th Shortest Path Set Algorithm for Urban Traffic Network DUAN Zong-tao 1,2，WANG Wei-xing 3，KANG Jun1，LI Ying1， ZHENG Xi-bin1，CHENG Hao1，LIU Yan1 2014, 14(3): 194-200.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2033KB) ( )   In urban traffic network，it is important to optimize traffic flow of the K- th shortest path that meets the travel demand and then allocate the OD traffic flow onto the paths. This paper investigates the algo- rithm of searching K-th shortest path that meets the travel demand. The method overcomes the weakness of the traditional algorithm that can only get single K-th shortest path. According to the second principle of War- drop and the road impedance function theory, the paper analyzes the necessity of the path set searching meth- od for optimizing traffic flow, and proposes the definition and criterions of the K-th shortest path set in urban traffic network. Then, it presents an algorithm with the polynomial time complexity for searching K-th short- est path set in urban traffic network. The simulation results show that all of the K-th shortest path which meet the travel demand can be obtained effectively, and the feasibility of traffic allocation on above path set is proved with comparison of traditional algorithms. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigating a Transit-oriented Transport Hub in Beijing SHANG Hua-yan, HUANG Hai-jun, XIAO Ling-ling 2014, 14(3): 201-206.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1738KB) ( )   A fleet of buses which is serving passengers around the Beijing’s World Trade Bridge is facing such a problem that the evening peak demands cannot be well digested. This paper presents a case study asso- ciated with this transit-oriented transport hub, through collecting demand and supply data of parking lots, sub- way station, bus stops and main buildings located in the area of 1.1 kilometer squares. Operations of 116 bus lines passing 10 stations, like the passenger arrival rates, bus arrival intervals, passengers for waiting and the waiting times, are particularly analyzed. Suggestions for well developing the transit-oriented transport hubs in big cities are provided. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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K-means Clustering Analysis of Key Nodes and Edges in Beijing Subway Network GAO Bo, QIN Yong, XIAO Xue-mei, ZHU Ling-xi 2014, 14(3): 207-213.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1760KB) ( )   This paper modeled a subway system as a directed and weighted network with consideration of the temporal and spatial distribution of passengers in the subway system. Based on the K-means clustering, stations (nodes) and intervals (edges) in a subway network were grouped by three metrics: two basic topologi- cal properties (degree and betweenness), and their roles in transporting people (passenger volume). Degree re- flects the nodes’local accumulation ability; betweenness reflects a node or edge’s the impact on the global network topology, and passenger volume reflects a node or edge’s importance in transport people at different times. Taking the Beijing Subway network as a case study, the paper tested the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results suggested that the method could identify key nodes and edges and provide dynamic de- cision support for subway network operators. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of Coupling Coordinated Development Degree of Multiple Airport Composite System in the Yangtze River Delta CHEN Xin, WANG Hai-yan, LI Jun-hui, GAO Qiang 2014, 14(3): 214-220.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1460KB) ( )   Most airports serious loss and stressed waste of facility resources and other issues lead to the con- troversy of whether the Yangtze River Delta airport construction density is too high. Based on this back- ground, this paper analyzes the mechanism of system coordinated development, after constructing the degree of coupling, coordination degree and integrated development index model, composite system coupling coor- dinated development degree evaluation model is investigated with the Yangtze River Delta multi-airport and economic system as case study. The results show that a high degree of coordinated development of airports accounted for 75%, coupled with airports there is a strong correlation between coordinated development de- gree and airport scale. The airport with higher size has better coordination with economic development. Large-scale integrated hub airports is generally higher than the small airports. The level of economic develop- ment is an important factor affecting the degree of coupling coordinated development, the better the level of regional economic development, the airport and the economy more coordinated development degree cou- pling high. The region of better economic development level has higher coupling coordinated development degree between airport and economy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Behavior Analysis on Shanghai Private Car License Auction Market with Statistical Learning Methods LIN Chang, FENG Su-wei 2014, 14(3): 221-226.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1523KB) ( )   The quota auction of private car licenses is one of the market-based regulatory measures used by the local government to control the vehicle demand. According to the operating rules of the auction market, this paper selects three key elements: the released quotas, the number of bidders and the average prices as an- alytical variables. It studies the system behaviors and the coupling interactions among the key elements with statistical learning methods. By using the principal component analysis, the paper proposes a linear constrain- ing relationship among the key elements, which quantitatively shows that the released quotas play an impor- tant role on effecting and restricting the other two elements. Meanwhile, the probabilistic self-organizing net- work is used to accurately estimate the joint-probability and the conditional-probability distributions of these elements from the limited training samples. Finally, a probability distribution model is developed to describe the behavior of the auction market objectively and quantitatively. Based on the precise characterization of the relationship between the key elements, the paper provides some constructive advice on determining the re- leased quotas, optimizing the auction rules and regulating market order. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Operational Efficiency Evaluation of Urban Taxi System BAI Zhu，WANG Jian，HU Xiao-wei 2014, 14(3): 227-233.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1454KB) ( )   The operational efficiency of taxi system has a significant impact on its input- output balance and economic benefits. This paper analyzes the operational characteristic of taxi system and evaluates its op- erational efficiency from the economic prospective. A data envelopment analysis method（DEA）that deals with the multiple input- output problems is proposed to achieve the efficiency measurement of taxi system. This paper first discusses selecting variables of models. The CCR-DEA model using the statistical informa- tion of urban taxi system based on GPS data is then applied to obtain not only the efficiency score but also the extent to which those underperforming units should improve. Moreover, a cross-efficiency model is intro- duced to implement an accurate ranking among decision making units. The corresponding improvement is al- so presented. The results show that the data envelopment analysis is an effective method that can be applied into the efficiency evaluation of taxi system. References | Related Articles | Metrics