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    25 June 2017, Volume 17 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    Comparison of Operational Models in Taxi Industry Based on Performance Assessment
    YAO Zhi-gang, GENG Shu-guang,WANG Bo-qing
    2017, 17(3): 1-6. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1140KB) ( )  

    It is controversial that taxi companies with employment relationship are more efficiency than those with contracting relationship in China. Based on three inputs(vehicle, fuel and staff) and two outputs (mileage, passenger volume) of 140 taxi companies in Shaanxi Province, China, authors compared scale efficiencies and pure technical efficiencies of the two operational models with an input-oriented BCC model of Data Envelopment Analysis. A Tobit regression is implemented to explore that operational model is effect on both scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency of taxi companies significantly. The Kruskal-Wallis test shows that scale efficiency of contracting relationship is 4.46% higher than that of employment relationship. It indicates that contracting relationship is better to pursue scale efficiency than employment relationship for taxi industry in Shaanxi Province, China. There has no better but suitable operational model of taxi industry in each local jurisdiction.

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    The Real Option Value Analysis of Income Adjustment during Operating Period in the Toll Road Public Private Partnership Projects
    CAI Xiao-yan,ZHOU Guo-guang
    2017, 17(3): 7-11. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1145KB) ( )  

    CPI is an important factor that influences the earnings of toll road public private partnership (PPP) projects during the operating period. In order to ensure both government and private partners’incomes and achieve the win-win cooperation, it is necessary to analyze how CPI influence projects’incomes and make the income adjustment regulations to adjust the insufficient and excess income influenced by CPI based on the risk sharing and revenue sharing principle in the negotiation. This paper analyses the way that the CPI influences the operating incomes in the toll road PPP projects. This paper also puts forward the income adjustment model aimed to adjust income oriented to CPI influence, which reflects the requirements of income compensation and excess income sharing in return of investment mechanism of PPP projects. Moreover, the income adjustment model is evaluated by real option method. The empirical results show that this income adjustment model can protect the private partners’earnings in toll road PPP projects and provide reference for decision making of the government and private sectors, which makes a win- win situation of both sides.

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    Regional Differential Parking Pricing Strategy Based on Metro Park-and-ride
    CAO Yi,YANG Zhong-zhen,ZUO Zhong-yi
    2017, 17(3): 12-18. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1484KB) ( )  

    In order to encourage the public to travel by the park- and- ride and metro mode as much as possible, and to relieve the traffic congestion in urban center area, the regional differential parking pricing strategy is studied. The investigations of parking charge, parking source, P&R intention and the passenger volumes of metro, bus and car are conducted at the Xi'an Rd. CBD in Dalian, China, and the main metro stations in the periphery area. Based on the theory of stochastic user equilibrium, the Logit model with four choosing limbs including metro, bus, car and P&R is constructed and calibrated using the investigation data. By adjusting the parking charges in different area, the relationship curves between the parking charge and the travelling proportions of P&R and car are obtained. Through the case study, the effect of the regional differential parking charge is analyzed. The research indicates that, increasing the parking fee of center area can make the travelling proportion of car mode reduce significantly. Reducing the parking fee of periphery area can make the travelling proportion of P&R increase.

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    Selection Mechanisms of Residents’Daily Activity-travel Behavior with Housing Mobility
    HE Bao-hong, HE Yan,WANG Yu-jia, ZHANG Xiang
    2017, 17(3): 19-25. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1776KB) ( )  

    Residents’daily activity-travel mode with housing mobility is not only a response in short-term decisions, but also a result of factors such as behavior attitudes and habits in long-term daily life. This paper takes relocated residents as the study object, and analyzes the dynamic adjustment of daily activity- travel through external space- time constraints and behavior habits based on the theory of time geography and planned behavior, then a SEM is applied to explore the selection mechanisms of activity- travel on housing mobility. The result shows that effects of housing mobility to individual activity-travel behavior reflect on the adjustment of commuting patterns at first, and then on the non-commuting patterns. Specifically, the greater individual is subject to commuting constraints, the more easy to be adjusted by the way of commuting mode and starting time, and the adjustment of commuting will make a difference to non-commuting activity and then affect the intra-interactions mode of activities. Meanwhile, residents’daily travel behavior is influenced by the past travel behaviors or habits, and the dependence relation among the past behaviors can delivery to present activity-travel behavior.

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    Interactive Relationship among Transportation, Economic Growth and Carbon Emissions Based on PVAR Model
    CAIWan-hua, YE A-zhong
    2017, 17(3): 26-31. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1427KB) ( )  

    With the provincial panel data of thirty provinces during the period of 2000 to 2014 in China and by using the co- integration equation and PVAR model, this paper explores the interactive relationships among transportation industry, economic growth and carbon emissions. The results indicate that a long-term balanced relationship among transportation industry, economic growth and carbon emissions, and dynamics effects like inverted U. It can be seen that it advantaged to expand the economic growth by stimulating much more increase carbon emissions in high economic provinces. But it exists unidirectional relationships among transportation, carbon emissions and economic growth. And it stimulates the change of economic growth is conductive to promote the level of transportation. With the economic growth and the improvement of transportation, carbon emission increased significantly in low economic provinces.

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    Integrated Analysis of Economies of Scale and Hubs Congestion Effect on Rail-road Intermodal Transport
    TANG Ji-meng,SUN Quan-xin,ZHANG Tong
    2017, 17(3): 32-38. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1691KB) ( )  

    The economies of scale which reduce the unit transportation cost is a major advantage of intermodal transport. It indicates that more goods result in a lower unit transportation price. However, hubs become congested on account of too many goods handled in hubs, and it may result in that some goods miss their delivery deadline. This weakens the competitiveness of rail- road intermodal transport. In order to analyze the economies of scale and hubs congestion effect on this intermodal transport synthetically, we use flow- dependent cost function and M/M/c queue model to represent them respectively. Next, we develop a hybrid Tabu search algorithm to solve this nonlinear integer programming, and this algorithm converges quickly. Finally, we analyze how the share rate of rail- road intermodal transport to be influenced by rail connectivity cost, road unit transportation cost, time limit for delivery and hubs capacity.

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    Lotka-volterra-based Competition Mode of Transportation in Urban Passenger Corridor
    CI Yu-sheng, ZHAO Jia-fa, WU Li-na
    2017, 17(3): 39-45. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1434KB) ( )  

    To optimize the urban traffic structure and alleviate the problem of urban traffic congestion, the paper establishes the macroscopic competition model of public transport and private transport based on Lotka-Volterra model. And the competition intensity of different modes of transportation and the effect of trip size of different groups on the stability and evolution of the model are analyzed. The results show that the competitive intensity of transportation modes and the scale proportion of different travel groups affects the competition intensity and the competition result. When the competition is more intense, only the most competitive mode of transportation can exist in the market, and in the case of less competition, the two modes can coexist in the market. At last, the paper proposes to balance the competition between the two modes by adjusting the competition intensity coefficient of transportation modes and changing the proportion of different types of residents to optimize the traffic structure in urban passenger corridor.

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    Location Model of Park-and-ride Facilities of Ring Expressway and Urban Rail Transit
    WANG Hua-lan, LIU Yu-cheng, LI Zi-jian
    2017, 17(3): 46-52. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1223KB) ( )  

    The characteristics of traffic flow exchange between ring expressway and city transport network are different with other roads, so the demands on the location of park-and-ride(P&R) facilities are different. Based on analyzing the principle of P&R facility location, we select 7 evaluation indexes belong to the categories of P&R demand, P&R facility reliability, construction land demand. The matter-element model to select the P&R facility location is established by using the method of matter-element evaluation. Meanwhile, we give the index weight employing entropy weight method. The alternative stations have been graded excellent, good, average and poor level according to their synthesis degree of association with every grade. P&R facilities should be constructed near the stations with the excellent level. The proposed methodology is applied to a case of Xi'an ring express P&R facility location. The resulting analysis shows the construction land is the most important restrict factor in location of P&R facilities, which are intuitively accountable and consistent with observed situation.

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    Pricing Method of Urban Rail Transit Considering the Optimization of Passenger Transport Structure
    LIU Mei-yin,WANG Jian-wei
    2017, 17(3): 53-59. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1441KB) ( )  

    Fare directly affects the passenger travel mode choice and the structure of urban passenger transport. A bi- level programming model with the minimum travel time of the urban passenger transport system is constructed to optimize the overall structure of the system based on comparing the relative superiority degree and influence factors of each traffic mode. A numerical example is given to verify the operability of the model, which suggests that as the fare of urban rail transit lower, more passengers would choose the mode of urban rail transit instead of buses or private car. With the gradually increased of urban rail transit passenger flow, the generalized travel cost and the total travel time will be reduced. Due to the impact of the fare, how to increase the passenger flow should be primary considered to enhance the share rate of urban rail transit system and display its advantage of large capacity and short travel time when making the fare policy of urban rail transit system.

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    Car-following and Lane-changing Behaviors Near an Intersection
    DING Jian-xun, ZHENG Yang-bian-mu, ZHANG Meng-ting, LONG Jian-cheng
    2017, 17(3): 60-66. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1710KB) ( )  

    Car- following and lane-changing behaviors near an intersection exhibit the diversity and complexity of features. This paper proposes an modified two lane car- following and lane- changing model based on a two-dimensional optimal velocity (OV) model to explore the interaction mechanism between carfollowing and lane-changing and macroscopic traffic flow characteristics in front of the intersection. Using the model, the impact of different percentages of lane-changing vehicles, safety distances and desired parameters of lane-changing on traffic characteristics are investigated. The results show that the lanechanging behavior near the intersection has negative impacts on traffic flow. The traffic state becomes more seriously with larger percentages of lane-changing vehicles. The lane-changing success rate becomes larger as the increase of desired lane-changing parameter. The increase of desired lane-changing parameter leads to decrease of flux, when traffic congestion appears. The larger safety distance is easier to cause traffic congestion, because of the decrease of flux, while the success rate of lane-changing is improved.

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    Extraction Method of Public Transit Trip Chains Based on the Individual Riders’Data
    WENG Jian-cheng,WANG Chang,WANG Yue-yue, CHEN Zhi-hong, PENG Shu
    2017, 17(3): 67-73. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1609KB) ( )  

    The extraction of public transit passengers’travel information has great significance to master the time-space characteristics of public transit travel and to improve the efficiency of residents' commuting. Through matching and processing the multi-source public transport data which derived from bus smart card data, bus location data and subway AFC system data, this paper mainly studies the methods and rules of the transfer relationship judgment, commuting travel identification and trip starting point matching, which are essential steps for the extraction of public transportation trip chain information. The thresholds for trip chain matching and connecting is also calibrated, and the public transit commuting chain extraction model is established based on the individual riders’travel data. The results of the extract model validation show that the success rate of trip chain structure extraction is, and commuting travel identification reach 100%, and the success rate of origin stop and destination stop of passengers’trip is 87.5% and the accuracy is up to 97.1% The study provide essential foundation for the public transport commuter travel identification and the public transit trip chains time-space features analysis based on the individual travelers’ridership data.

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    A Bus Priority Control Model Considering Green Wave Coordination under Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System
    HU Xing-hua, ZHU Xiao-ning, LONG Bing
    2017, 17(3): 74-82. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2201KB) ( )  

    In order to analyze the perturbation of the bus-priority control to the intersection group under the green-wave coordinated control, delay changes of the subsequent intersection group in and between green wave bands are described by the probability expectation of the length changes in each intersection signal green phase left and right ends, based on the analysis of traffic flow run- time migration distribution. The guiding speed of bus and the parameters of signal control are optimized collectively by the combinatorial optimization model, in which the upper model is to optimize the bus traffic efficiency of the intersection group under the guiding speed and the lower model is to optimize the delay of the intersection group under bus priority control. The example shows that the bus priority control model could effectively improve the intersection traffic efficiency and minimize adverse effects on surrounding intersections.

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    Arterial Green Wave Coordination Control Model for the Mode of Split Phasing Considering the Fluctuation of Travel Speed
    JING Bin-bin, YAN Xiao-wen, WU Huan, XU Jian-min
    2017, 17(3): 83-90. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1860KB) ( )  

    Considering that the travel speed of platoons fluctuates in a range, the non-stop constraints that the lead vehicle of platoon travels at a higher speed and the trail vehicle of platoon travels at a lower speed are analyzed. The formulas of calculating fluctuation percentage of speed are proposed. An arterial coordination control model- a goal programming model, which firstly aims at maximizing the sum of the bidirectional green band and secondly maximizing the sum of the fluctuation percentage of speed, is developed. A sequential algorithm and genetic algorithm are designed to solve the proposed model. The analysis for the numerical example shows that the proposed model in this paper can consider the fluctuation of travel speed well, generate the coordinated control scheme suitable for the fluctuation of travel speed directly, and make more vehicles lie within green bands.

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    VISSIM Model Calibration Based on SOGA
    YANG Yan-fang, QIN Yong, MUHAN Nu-er-lan
    2017, 17(3): 91-97. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1667KB) ( )  

    Traffic flow simulation models have become one major tool in evaluating both traffic operation and transportation planning application, with the progress of simulation technologies. In this paper, a microscope simulation parameter calibration method based on self-adaptive orthogonal algorithm (SOGA) is presented. The widely used VISSIM model is selected as the basic platform for the parameter calibration. The questions about how to encoding and decoding chromosomes and how to design the fitness function and the self-adaptive orthogonal crossover are answered in this paper. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the intersection model of the Ronghua mid- road and the Rongjing west street in Beijing, China. Through comparing with the GA and the orthogonal experiment method, the fitness value of SOGA is 19.43, which is better than other calibration algorithms, and the convergence time of SOGA is 40.5% less than the calibration method using GA algorithm. The advantage of the proposed method is shown.

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    Cellular Automata Model of Pedestrian Flow at School Intersection
    FU Lian-ning,ZOU Nan
    2017, 17(3): 98-104. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2267KB) ( )  

    Based on the characteristics of mixed pedestrian flow composed of parents and children crossing street during school time at school intersections, a cellular automaton model for pedestrian’s crossing is established. The empty parameter, direction parameter and same direction attracting parameter are introduced in the model, and the crossing behavior rules between parents and children in pairs are also considered. To analyze the effects of parent- child group on crossing pedestrian flow, velocity- time, velocity- density, and flow-density relationships are tested via the simulation, under the condition of unbalanced bidirectional pedestrian flow and different proportion of parent-child group. The results show that the proportion of parentchild group exceed a certain value, the average velocity declines, the pedestrian flow becomes more congested and the critical density value of the system decreases. Besides, the proportion of parent- child group has certain impacts on the change trend of average velocity and flow at critical density point.

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    An Improved Cell Transmission Model Considering Intersection Factor
    YAO Kai-bin, LIN Pei-qun
    2017, 17(3): 105-111. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1847KB) ( )  

    In order to apply the Cell Transmission Model (CTM) to simulate traffic flow on urban road, iterative formula which describes the dynamic feature of cell using traffic density is deduced based on Flow Conservation Law and Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram, which overcomes limitation of fundamental CTM that all cells must have equal length. Meanwhile, the method to divide cell at entrance and exit of section as well as intersection is proposed based on lane-use assignment and signal phase. The sending rate of signal-controlled cell is adjusted dynamically according to releasing rate at stop-line. Then the improved CTM which considers signal control is proposed. We simulated urban road which contains two intersections using the CTM and VISSIM software respectively and compared outputs finally. Experiment shows that fit degree of two density curves is high and features of queue and dissipation at signalized intersection is approximate. Meanwhile, the improved CTM decreases the computation cost and consuming time obviously.

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    Accurate Localization Based on GPS and Image Fusion for Intelligent Vehicles
    LI Yi-cheng, HU Zhao-zheng, HU Yue-zhi, WU Hua-wei
    2017, 17(3): 112-119. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2129KB) ( )  

    Vehicle self- localization is one of the core tasks for intelligent vehicles. Basically, localization error of GPS is about 10 m, which cannot meet the localization requirement for intelligent vehicles. Moreover, the high cost makes INS (Inertial Navigation System) not practical for intelligent vehicles. This paper proposes an accurate localization method for intelligent vehicles based on GPS and image fusion from visual map. The method aims to find the pose of current position to the nearest data collection point of visual map. Firstly, coarse localization is done by GPS data matching such that several candidate positions are selected from visual map. Furthermore, holistic feature matching is applied to compute one candidate from GPS matching results. Finally, vehicle pose is computed by matching local features and solving Perspectiven- Point (PnP) problem. Localization results are further refined with the computed vehicle poses. Experiments are made in a 5 km- route roadway, which are in different weather conditions and different intelligent vehicles. Experiment results show that the mean error of localization accuracy is about 11.6 cm and the max error is 37 cm. In addition, the proposed method has good robustness to different weather conditions. The proposed method suggests a low-cost and accurate localization solution for intelligent vehicles.

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    Choice Behavior Model of Urban Public Transport Considered the Psychological Factors Affecting
    CHEN Jian, FU Zhi-yan,ZHONG Yi-ying
    2017, 17(3): 120-126. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1243KB) ( )  

    In order to solve the problem that the existing choice behavior model of urban public transport can not describe the process of psychological factors affecting, the applicability of theory of planned behavior (TPB) in public transport mode choice is analyzed. Based on the theoretical framework of public transport choice behavior intention determined by residents' attitude, the subjective norm and perceived behavior control(PBC), structural equation model of public transport mode choice behavior is constructed. Then, specific variables corresponding to psychological variables in the model is determined, meanwhile, method of solving the model and parameter test standard are put forward. Finally, the model is applied to the analysis of typical city Chongqing and Chengdu, in China. And a total of 790 valid questionnaires are collected. The calculation results show that the degree interpretation of public transport choice intention by three psychological factors in Chongqing is 72% and Chengdu is 66% , and the greatest influenced by PBC. Moreover, there is interaction relationship between psychological factors.

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    Network Traffic Flow Evolution Considering Departure Time Choice Based on Bounded Rationality
    LIU Shi-xu, CHENWen-si, YAN Hao, GUAN Hong-zhi
    2017, 17(3): 127-135. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1450KB) ( )  

    It is assumed that travelers adjust departure time and route choices according to updating historical information. With considering traveler’s bounded rationality, the day- to-day dynamic models of network traffic flow are developed based on the cumulative prospect theory. The proposed models reveal how travelers make departure time and route choices, update the time interval weight, and the route travel time distribution function. Numerical experiments on a grid network show that the reliance on historical perceived travel time have no significant effect on the stable flow distribution of each departure time interval, but have significant effect on network traffic flow evolution. When the reliance on historical perceived travel time is greater than or equal to 0.90, the network traffic flow considering departure time choice will eventually reach a steady state. From the perspective of the overall efficiency of the network system, when the reliance on historical perceived travel time is within [0.90, 0.95], the boundedly rational traffic assignment will be better than the perfectly rational one.

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    Modern Tram Line Network Planning Based on the Improved Weighted VIKOR Method
    WEI Zhen-lin,SONG Tai-chun,ZHANG Xiang
    2017, 17(3): 136-142. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1270KB) ( )  

    In recent years, the quantity of motor vehicles in our country is increasing, which has caused serious urban traffic problems. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new ways to reduce traffic congestion and improve the urban environment. Because most of our city does not have the construction of the subway system, city planners have committed to the development of modern trams, taking into account the modern tram was built to change the characteristics of line network planning is particularly important. This paper takes a specific city network planning as the background, through the establishment of index system of modern tram line network optimization scheme, combined with Monte Carlo and entropy weighting method to determine the weight of the index system, put forward the improvement method of weighting VIKOR model is optimized based on the other case, the use of Matlab programming model of the optimal results the measured results, and the main line network scheme comparison, verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method, for the modern tram line network planning scheme.

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    OpenStreetMap Based Modeling and Multi-criteria Routing of Urban Cycleway Network
    SONG Qing,LI Xiao-lei,LI Meng
    2017, 17(3): 143-149. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2187KB) ( )  

    Cycling provides a healthy and environmental form of transport for most segments of the population. Planning the bicycle routes properly has important significance for satisfying the needs of cyclists with different travel purpose, and for the formation of safe and correct urban travel environments. Based on a well study of real-world cycle route choice behavior, a cycleway network is constructed based on the OpenStreetMap data, and a multi-criteria bicycle routing model and an optimum clustering-based multicriteria route planning algorithm are then proposed. The simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method to generate a practical set of bicycle routes in realistic conditions.

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    Capacity Analysis on Intermediate Turn-back Stations with Multi-routing in Urban Rail Transit
    CHEN Yao, MAO Bao-hua, BAI Yun, LI Zhu-jun, CHEN Zhi-jie
    2017, 17(3): 150-156. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1400KB) ( )  

    In multi- routing mode of urban rail transit, the capacity of intermediate turn-back stations is a key factor to determine the carrying capacity of the rail line. According to the process of train turn-back, this paper proposes a computation model to calculate the minimum time intervals between trains at intermediate stations with station-front and station-behind turn-back, respectively. With the consideration of route conflict between short-routing train and long-routing trains, its impact on station capacity is analyzed. Case studies show that the station capacity decreases slightly with the increase of the ratio of short- routing train. Route conflict may lead to the loss of the station capacity by more than 30% at station-behind turn-back station, which is higher than that at station- front station. It is important to design reasonable arrival times of longrouting trains at intermediate turn-back stations in order to avoid the route conflict and the capacity loss.

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    Improved Dynamic Demand Oriented Timetabling Model for Intercity Railway
    LI De-wei,DING Shi-shun,ZHANG Qi,LI Shan
    2017, 17(3): 157-164. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1839KB) ( )  

    Train timetabling is crucial for passenger railway operation. Train timetable optimization by minimizing the passerger travel time plays an important role in both theoretical and practice. Current research assumes that train sequence is fixed or no overtaking exists between trains, which is ideal. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel mix integer quadratic programming timetabling model which does not fix the train order and allow trains to overtake each other. The model takes the dwell time, running time, safety interval, overtaking and capacity as constraints, with an objective of minimizing the weight sum of passengers’waiting time and in-vehicle time. The new model is based on two basic models, the first model fixes the train order and do not allow the train to overtake each other. The second fixes the train order, but only adjacent trains are allowed overtake. Based on these models, a more generalized unset sequence overtaking timetabling model is proposed. The model is solved by ILOG CPLEX, and the results based on the Shanghai-Hangzhou intercity high-speed railway data show that the proposed model obtains the best solution. It can effectively reduce the total travel time for passengers, and is practical to use.

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    Modeling the Weaving Area Length of the Road-side Bus Lane at the Intersection
    CHEN Yong-heng, SHEN Yao, XU Yang, BAI Qiao-wen,WANG Kun-wei, LIU Xin-shan
    2017, 17(3): 165-171. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1682KB) ( )  

    Right-turning vehicles are allowed to use the road-side transit-lane when they are at the entering approach. It is necessary to optimize the weaving length to improve the efficiency of right-turning flow and lower the impact on buses turning along the transit lane. Distribution of bus turn headway is firstly analyzed concerning about stop time. Then a working model is developed to determine the weaving length for rightturning vehicles. At last, a case study is conducted using actual data. The results provide reference for channelization of entering approach under bus priority policy.

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    Dynamic-programming-based Track Geometry Data Alignment Model
    SUN Bin,XU Peng
    2017, 17(3): 172-177. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1699KB) ( )  

    Track geometry cars play an irreplaceable role in track inspection and maintenance. It is essential for the implementation of condition-based track maintenance to compare historical track geometry data from track geometry cars. Milepoint measurement errors of track geometry data have the leading adverse effect on the comparability of historical data. Researches on milepoint measurement error correction assume that milepoint shifts over a track length are constant. It is well known that milepoint shifts are actually stochastic. The paper presents an Optimal Match model of Sampling Points for track geometry data from track geometry cars to capture milepoint shift for each sampling points. The model is applied to track geometry data from 17 inspection runs. The performance analysis results confirmed the robustness and applicability of the model.

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    Container Feeder Liner Shipping Service Optimal Design Model
    DU Jian, ZHAO Xu,WANG Jun
    2017, 17(3): 178-183. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1342KB) ( )  

    In the container feeder liner operation, there are uncertainties in the freight demand, the container handling rate, the sailing time and the waiting berth time. In order to optimize the cargo rejection rate and ship capacity, the arrival on- time rate and committed arrival time of given route, all of the above distributions need to be nonlinearly superposed. As for this, the shipping voyage simulation which includes the speed adjustment for arrival on- time is introduced into our model and algorithm. In the numerical example, the shipping voyage simulation diagram of uncertain arrival time is showed. Meanwhile, the ship capacities, ship rents and cargo rejection compensations under different cargo rejection rate are calculated. Both of these help to verify the effectiveness of our model and algorithm. After observing the arrival time distributions with the speed adjustment or not, it can be found that adjusting speed contributes to arrive ontime.

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    Inland Port Location Problem with Multiple Capacity Level Choices
    CHANG Zheng,QI Zhuang,LV Jing
    2017, 17(3): 184-191. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1665KB) ( )  

    With the aim of utilizing resources reasonably and decreasing repeated construction, a two-stage inland port location model with multiple capacity level choices is proposed. The model takes capacity constraint into consideration. Its objective is to minimize total cost, which includes fix-up cost and transportation cost. Genetic algorithm is applied as the solving technique. A case study of Northeast China is presented and shows two more optimal inland ports, namely Qiqihar and Jiamusi are selected considering systematic optimum, and the corresponding capacity are 50 and 150 thousand TEU. With respect to the result, a regional inland transportation nodes layout consists of dense, middle range and distant inland ports clusters is formed. Meanwhile, the result also indicates the choice of capacity in inland port’s location decision making is crucial to balance the layout of inland ports and the distribution of inland transportation demands, reduce unnecessary investment and increase utilization efficiency of resources.

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    Calculation Method on the Desired Amount of Anchor Berth in Inland River Port Based on Queuing Theory
    MING Li,LIU Jing-xian,YANG Song
    2017, 17(3): 192-197. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1276KB) ( )  

    In this paper, the desired amount of anchor berth in inland river port is researched. Based on analyzing the working process of the ships in inland river port, the influence factors of the desired amount of anchor berth are refined. The key data is forecasted by use of time series method. Anchoring assurance rate and anchorage utilization rate in port are calculated by using queuing theory, and the model of the desired amount of anchor berth in inland river port is constructed in consideration of the above two aspects. Moreover, the modeling method is deduced and verified aiming at an inland port. The calculation result shows that the model has better application in anchoring berth planning in inland port.

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    Impacts of Parallel Runway Operation Modes on Air Traffic Flow Characteristics in Terminal Areas
    ZHANG Hong-hai,FANWei,LIAO Zhi-hua,JIANG Jin-qin
    2017, 17(3): 198-204. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1686KB) ( )  

    In order to improve terminal areas operation efficiency, runway operation mode impacts on air traffic flow characteristics is studied. Based on terminal area airspace structures and runway operation rules, a dynamic sequencing strategy for arrivals, a coordination strategy for arrivals and departures, and aircraft following behavior models are proposed. And then these strategies and models are simulated based on the platform of NetLogo with a terminal area in China, which adopted SID- STAR and had double parallel runways. The traffic flow characteristic parameters are analyzed under three typical runway operation modes, such as independent operation mode (IOM), related operation mode (ROM) and segregated operation mode (SOM). The simulation and analyzed results show that the IOM efficiency is higher but with bigger flow volatility, and the SOM efficiency is lowest but with little flow volatility; the IOM congestion dissipates most rapidly and its delay is also smallest, the SOM congestion dissipates slowest and its delay is also biggest.

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    Transferability of Commute Behavior across Different Spaces within Metropolis
    LIU Can-qi, SHI Nan-nan, ZHU Li-chao
    2017, 17(3): 205-212. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1352KB) ( )  

    Commuters have significantly different behaviors due to differences in geographical and individual characteristics. This paper aims to identify this discrepancy and to reveal commuter behavior transferability between difference spaces. Based on the influence factor analysis of Shanghai commute travel behavior, WS (Whole Space) model incorporating OD (Origin and Destination) variable, different OD models are established to study commute travel model space transfer applicability according to transferability measurement indicators. Results show that WS model cannot reveal the commute travel behavior differences across ODs. Except that WS model can be applied to the OD originating from outside and ending within the inner ring area, other OD models are not transferable. Besides, commuters from different ODs prefer bus and subway with significant differences.

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    Identification of Critical Section in Urban Traffic Road Network Based on Space-time Correlation
    SU Fei, DONG Hong-hui, JIA Li, SUN Xuan
    2017, 17(3): 213-221. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (2438KB) ( )  

    The capacity of critical section is one of the important reasons for leading to urban road traffic congestion. The identification of critical section provides important decision supports for traffic planning, travel services and so on. It has great significance to alleviate traffic congestion. This paper investigates the identification method of critical section in urban road network. According to the characteristic of traffic flow, the spatial adjacency matrix is established for road network. Then space- time correlation is proposed to explain the strength of influence between section and its neighbors under different time delays. Taking the strength of influence as a measure of section importance, the importance measurement model is constructed using technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution. At last, the proposed model is applied in a subset of Beijing’s road network, and the results show that the model is practical and feasible, and can identify critical section in urban road network effectively.

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    Railway Benefit Assessment Summary of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank
    SHUAI Bin, HUANGWen-cheng, LI Mei-lin,WANG Shuai, HE Kai-ni
    2017, 17(3): 222-228. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1384KB) ( )  

    Many problems are still existed in China railway economic assessment methodologies, such as it can’t fully cover the scope of benefits generated by the project, some parameters are difficult to measure etc., which is unable to adapt to the current railway industry especially the rapid development of high- speed railways. We summarized the railway projects economic evaluation methods used in World Bank, Asian Development Bank and China in basic requirements, the evaluation process and indicators, advantages and disadvantages, indicated the experiences that can be referenced in China’s actual practice. A new approach is proposed which is based on traffic demand forecast, and focuses on environment cost, benefit as well as and sustainability of the project will also be introduced in the process. The newly proposed approach has certain theoretical and practical value.

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    Assessing Factors Related to E-bike Crash and E-bike License Plate Use
    ZHOU Ji-biao, GUO Yan-yong, WU Yao, DONG Sheng
    2017, 17(3): 229-234. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1181KB) ( )  

    In order to analyze the contributory factors associated with the e-bike involved crash and license plate use, 862 samples of Ningbo e- bike riders were collected using the questionnaire survey method and telephone interview survey method. Based on the statistical theory, a Bivariate Probit (BP) model is developed to simultaneously examine the factors that affect e- bike involved crash and e- bike license plate use among e-biker riders. Marginal effects for contributory factors are calculated to quantify their impacts on the outcomes. The results show that the BP model can not only identify the affecting factors for e- bike involved crash and license plate use, but also reflect potential relationships between them; the correlation parameter of the e-bike involved crash and license plate use is -0.475, indicating that e-bike license plate use can reduce the probability of the e- bike involved crash; several contributory factors, including gender, age group, driving license, car in household, experiences in using e-bike, law compliance, and aggressive driving behaviors are found to have significant impacts on both of e-bike involved crash and license plate use.

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    Railway Freight Customer Segmentation Based on KFAV Model
    ZHANG Bin, PENG Qi-yuan
    2017, 17(3): 235-242. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1437KB) ( )  

    Because of various aspects influence, Chinese railway freight transportation is hit by the number of customers and sources of goods. One way to solve this problem is to improve the CRM (Customer Relationship Management) and market management. This paper proposes a new freight customer segmentation model, KFAV, which is derived from RFM model, and calculates the freight customers valued. Then a new improved K-means algorithm is proposed, which is used to cluster KFAV. The algorithm can optimize the initial center points through introducing two parameter, ρand δ, to compute the density of the members. Finally, this paper makes the simulation based on hadoop using spark. The simulation proves the freight customer segmentation based on KFAV is efficient, and the improved K- means algorithm is high efficiency.

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    Environmental Efficiency of China’s Airlines under Environmental Constrains
    ZHANG Jun-feng,FANG Hong,FANG Si-ran
    2017, 17(3): 243-248. 
    Abstract ( )   PDF (1156KB) ( )  

    The rapid development of air transportation brings serious environmental concerns. Under environmental constrains, using SBM-DEA model with undesirable outputs researches on the environmental efficiency of China's airlines from 2012 to 2014 and influencing factors of environmental efficiency are then explored using a Tobit mode. The results show that, during 2012 to 2014, the environmental efficiency of China's airlines show a decreasing trend. And the gap of environmental efficiency among airlines is enlarging year by year. In addition, the regression results show that environmental regulation had a passive effect on environmental efficiency of airlines in China. R&D investment/load factor/goods delivery rate and net profit rate / environmental regulation (-1) have a positive effect on environmental efficiency of airlines in China. Finally, combined with the research results of this paper, the author puts forward the suggestions from the points of mining the potential of energy saving and emission reduction in airlines and R&D investment.

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