分时电价下泊位-岸桥-岸电联合分配优化研究

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.02.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于国家大力推动港口岸电应用以及各地实施分时电价机制的背景，本文综合考虑码头运营效率、船舶能源成本、碳排放及船舶连接码头岸电的物理要求，在分时电价机制下研究连续型泊位-岸桥-岸电联合分配优化问题，构建综合成本最小和总碳排放最小的双目标优化模型。其中，基于船舶在港总停留时间提出船舶等待成本、延迟成本和惩罚成本衡量码头运行效率，船舶能源成本由船舶的燃油成本和用电成本组成，各项成本之和为综合成本；总碳排放包括船舶停泊期间使用辅机发电产生的碳排放，使用岸电供电产生的间接碳排放和岸桥工作产生的碳排放。进一步，设计结合启发式方法、基因修复策略、渐进淘汰策略和次选组种群的改进非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)求解，基于某集装箱码头的实际情况进行算例测试，并分析电价、峰谷电价差及改装船比例和码头岸电覆盖率对分配方案的影响。结果表明：大部分规模算例下，改进NSGA-II算法在计算结果和性能方面的表现均优于传统NSGA-II算法，能有效求解模型；平时段电价降低45.45%，综合成本和总碳排放分别随之降低20.33%和6.33%，使用岸电的船舶数量增加了23.81%；峰谷电价差从3∶1提高到5∶1，时间成本和能源成本分别提高了7.69%和4.49%，综合成本提高了5.16%，峰谷电价差不宜过大；将岸电覆盖率提高到50%和改装船比例提高到70%更有利于提高港口经济效益和环境效益。

关键词: 水路运输, 泊位-岸桥-岸电联合分配优化, 改进NSGA-II, 分时电价, 碳排放

Abstract: In the context of the national drive to promote shore power applications at ports and the implementation of time-of-use electricity pricing mechanisms in various regions, this study investigates the continuous berth-quay crane-shore power joint allocation optimization problem, which considers terminal operational efficiency, ship energy costs, carbon emissions, and the physical requirements for ships to connect to shore power under a time-of-use electricity pricing regime. A bi-objective optimization model is constructed to minimize the total comprehensive cost and total carbon emissions. Specifically, the total comprehensive cost comprises waiting costs, delay costs, and penalty costs based on the ship's total stay time at the port, which reflect terminal operational efficiency. Ship energy costs consist of fuel costs and electricity costs. Total carbon emissions include emissions generated by auxiliary engines during docking, indirect emissions from using shore power, and emissions from quay crane operations. To solve this model, an improved NSGA-II algorithm is designed, integrating heuristic methods, a gene repair strategy, progressive elimination, and an alternate group population. A case study based on a real container terminal is conducted to test the model and analyze the impacts of electricity prices, peak-valley electricity price differences, and the proportion of retrofitted vessels and the shore power coverage rate at the terminal. The results indicate that the improved NSGA-II algorithm is better than traditional NSGA-II algorithm in terms of calculation results and performance, and can effectively solve the model. The off-peak electricity price was reduced by 45.45%, resulting in a 20.33% decrease in total costs and a 6.33% reduction in total carbon emissions, while the number of vessels using shore power increased by 23.81%. When the peak-to-valley electricity price difference increased from 3∶1 to 5∶1, time and energy costs rose by 7.69 and 4.49%, respectively, leading to an 5.16% increase in total comprehensive costs. An excessively large peak-to-valley electricity price ratio is not recommended. Increasing the shore power coverage rate to 50% and the proportion of retrofitted vessels to 70% is more beneficial for enhancing the port's economic and environmental benefits.

Key words: waterway transportation, berth-bridge-shore power joint allocation optimization, improved NSGA-II, time-of-use price, carbon emission

中图分类号:

U691

王孝坤, 董泽锦, 王雨薇, 肖红. 分时电价下泊位-岸桥-岸电联合分配优化研究[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(2): 314-327.

WANG Xiaokun, DONG Zejin, WANG Yuwei, XIAO Hong. Joint Optimization of Berth-quay Crane-shore Power Allocation Under Time-of-use Pricing[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(2): 314-327.

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链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.02.029

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V25/I2/314

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