考虑空间认知能力和恐慌传播的地铁车站应急疏散模型

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.019

交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2025, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 209-219.DOI: 10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2025.06.019

考虑空间认知能力和恐慌传播的地铁车站应急疏散模型

王连震¹ ，庄涵颖¹ ，王宇萍² ，王宝杰^*3

1. 东北林业大学，土木与交通学院，哈尔滨150040；2.哈尔滨市城乡规划设计研究院，哈尔滨150010； 3. 长安大学，生态安全屏障区交通网设施管控及循环修复技术交通运输行业重点实验室，西安710064

收稿日期:2025-09-13 修回日期:2025-10-20 接受日期:2025-10-30 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-24
作者简介:王连震(1985—)，男，山东禹城人，副教授，博士。
基金资助:
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(PL2024E013)；长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 (300102344501-1-1)。

Subway Station Emergency Evacuation Model Considering Spatial Cognition and Panic Propagation

WANG Lianzhen¹, ZHUANG Hanying¹, WANG Yuping², WANG Baojie^*3

1. School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; 2. Harbin Urban and Rural Planning and Design Institute, Harbin 150010, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Management, Control and Cycle Repair Technology for Traffic Network Facilities in Ecological Security Barrier Area, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China

Received:2025-09-13 Revised:2025-10-20 Accepted:2025-10-30 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-24
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (PL2024E013)； Fundamental Research Funds of Chang'an University for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China (300102344501-1-1)。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为更真实地模拟地铁车站应急疏散过程，提高疏散效率和安全性，本文提出融合行人空间认知能力与恐慌情绪传播的改进社会力模型CogPanic-SFM(Cognition Panic Social Force Model)。模型通过动态模拟行人在疏散过程中的空间认知能力演化过程，结合空间认知依赖特征的SACR(Susceptible-Activated Constrained-Recovered)恐慌传播模型，实现空间认知能力与恐慌强度的双重调制，并协同优化了社会力模型中的自驱力和排斥力。仿真结果表明，改进后模型的疏散总用时与应急演练疏散用时的相对误差为7.792%，低于传统模型的37.083%，验证了模型在复杂场景下的有效性和拟真性。进一步发现，空间认知能力的分布比例对群体恐慌强度具有明显影响：当高空间认知能力者(0.85~0.95)比例为1时，群体恐慌强度峰值为0.49，较低空间认知能力者(0.10~0.30)比例为1时，群体恐慌强度峰值下降46.7%。较低的恐慌强度意味着行人在疏散过程中更为冷静，有助于缓解拥堵，提高出口利用率，从而缩短整体疏散时间。

关键词: 城市交通, 应急疏散模型, 社会力模型, 地铁车站, 空间认知能力, 恐慌传播

Abstract: To more accurately simulate the emergency evacuation process in subway stations and improve evacuation efficiency and safety, this paper proposes an improved social force model, Cognition Panic Social Force Model (CogPanic-SFM), which integrates pedestrian spatial cognition and panic emotion propagation. The model dynamically simulates the evolution of pedestrians' spatial cognition abilities during the evacuation process, combining the SACR panic propagation model, which depends on spatial cognition features. This achieves dual modulation of spatial cognition ability and panic intensity, and synergistically optimizes the self-driving force and repulsive force in the social force model. Simulation results show that the relative error in total evacuation time of the improved model compared to the emergency drill evacuation time is 7.792%, lower than the 37.083% of traditional models, thus verifying the model's effectiveness and fidelity in complex scenarios. Further, it was found that the distribution of spatial cognition abilities significantly affects the group panic intensity. When the proportion of individuals with high spatial cognition ability (0.85~0.95) is 1, the peak intensity of group panic is 0.49, which is 46.7% lower than that of all individuals have low spatial cognition ability (0.10~0.30). Lower panic intensity means pedestrians remain calmer during evacuation, which helps to alleviate congestion, increase exit utilization, and ultimately reduce overall evacuation time.

Key words: urban traffic, emergency evacuation model, social force model, subway station, spatial cognition ability, panic propagation

中图分类号:

U298.2

王连震, 庄涵颖, 王宇萍, 王宝杰. 考虑空间认知能力和恐慌传播的地铁车站应急疏散模型[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2025, 25(6): 209-219.

WANG Lianzhen, ZHUANG Hanying, WANG Yuping, WANG Baojie. Subway Station Emergency Evacuation Model Considering Spatial Cognition and Panic Propagation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2025, 25(6): 209-219.

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考虑空间认知能力和恐慌传播的地铁车站应急疏散模型

Subway Station Emergency Evacuation Model Considering Spatial Cognition and Panic Propagation

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