动态交通分配问题研究回顾与展望

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动态交通分配(Dynamic Traffic Assignment，DTA)理论是智能交通系统中最重要的关键技术基础之一，也是当前交通科学中最活跃的研究领域之一，其模型可以广泛应用于离线的交通规划及政策评估和在线的智能交通系统应用。本文首先回顾了DTA理论50年来的发展历程，总结了不同发展阶段形成的重要理论和方法。其次介绍了DTA问题的两个基本构成：出行选择准则和交通流传播模型，指出这两个基本组成部分通过走行时间函数(或阻抗函数)来关联，并总结了 DTA 问题中主要的出行选择准则、主要的交通流传播模型、重点关注的交通行为、走行时间函数。依据出行者的出行选择内容、交通状况掌握、出行需求弹性、出行决策时间跨度以及用户类型等对动态交通分配问题进行分类，并详细比较分析不同类型动态交通分配问题之间的差异。进一步，介绍了DTA问题主要的解析模型，依据时间是否连续和使用的决策变量分别对DTA模型进行分类，并总结了不同类型DTA模型的主要优缺点。介绍了不同出行选择准则下DTA问题的主要求解方法，并评述求解方法的收敛性、效率等。此外，还概述了DTA模型在交通规划、交通政策评估、交通控制与管理等方面的应用。最后，对DTA理论的进一步发展进行展望，指出DTA 理论和方法可以在5方面取得突破：动态网络加载模型的高效计算方法和性态良好的动态阻抗函数，大规模交通网络上DTA问题的有效求解算法，超级网络上基于活动链的DTA模型，DTA模型在交通管理与控制中的应用，未来智能网联环境下DTA模型及其应用。

关键词: 智能交通, 动态交通分配, 出行选择准则, 交通流传播模型, 研究回顾, 研究展望

Abstract: Dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) theory is one of the most important technical foundations in intelligent transportation systems, and it is also one of the most active research fields in current transportation science. DTA models can be used in the wide areas of offline traffic planning, policy evaluation, and online intelligent transportation systems. This paper first reviews the development of DTA theory in the past 50 years, and summarizes the important theories and methods developed at different stages. Second, it introduces the two basic components of the DTA problems: travel choice principle and traffic flow propagation model. The two basic components are related through the travel time function (or impedance function). This paper also summarizes the major travel choice principles, the major traffic flow propagation models, the key traffic behaviors, and travel time functions considered in DTA problems. The classification of DTA problems is discussed in terms of traveler's travel choice content, mastery of traffic conditions, demand elasticity, travel decision time span, user class, and so on, and the differences among different types of DTA problems are compared and analyzed in detail. This paper further analyzes the major DTA models based on whether the time variable is continuous or not, and reveals the advantages and disadvantages of different types of DTA models. The main solution methods of DTA problems under different travel choice principles are introduced, and the convergence and efficiency of the solution methods are reviewed. In addition, the applications of the DTA model in transportation planning, transportation policy evaluation, traffic control and management, etc. are also outlined. At last, this paperproposes that DTA theory and methods might find breakthroughs in the following five aspects: (1) efficient calculation method of dynamic network loading model and well defined dynamic impedance function, (2) effective algorithms for solving DTA problems on large-scale transportation networks, (3) active-chain-based DTA models on super networks, (4) applications of DTA models for traffic management and control, and (5) DTA models and their applications under future intelligent connected environment

Key words: intelligent transportation, dynamic traffic assignment, travel choice principle, traffic flow propagation model, research review, research outlook

中图分类号:

U491

龙建成, 郭嘉琪. 动态交通分配问题研究回顾与展望[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2021, 21(5): 125-138.

LONG Jian-cheng, GUO Jia-qi. Review and Prospect of Dynamic Traffic Assignment Research[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2021, 21(5): 125-138.

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