异构无人机两级协同配送网络选址-路径联合优化

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对无人机在复杂地形下进行支线运输与末端配送的瓶颈，本文研究由支线无人机机场与配送中心构成的两级物流网络选址-路径优化问题。现有研究多忽略支线与末端无人机功能与成本异质性。为此，本文构建以设施建设、两级差异化运输和时间惩罚成本最小化为目标的混合整数规划模型，联合优化两级设施分布、无人机配送路径和客户服务时效，并设计混合算法，其中，遗传算法用于全局选址与分配，变邻域禁忌搜索用于局部路径优化。通过云南省云龙县实例分析表明，相较于分步决策，所提联合优化方法可使系统总成本降低88.3%；与单级直流网络相比，客户准时送达率提升至91.9%，实现了成本与服务质量平衡。该研究为无人机分布式物流网络规划与运营提供了有效的决策模型与方法。

关键词: 物流工程, 两级选址-路径联合优化, 混合整数规划, 无人机物流, 遗传算法, 变邻域搜索

Abstract: To address the bottlenecks faced by UAVs in conducting trunk and last-mile delivery operations across complex terrains, this paper investigates the location-routing problem for a two-echelon logistics network composed of regional hubs and local distribution centers. A critical gap in existing research is the tendency to overlook the functional and cost heterogeneity among UAVs operating at different echelons. To fill this gap, we formulate a mixed-integer programming model with the objective of minimizing the total system cost, which comprises the facility construction, differentiated two-echelon transportation, and time penalty costs. The model is designed to jointly optimize the distribution of two-echelon facilities, UAV delivery routes, and timeliness of customer service. To solve this problem, a hybrid algorithm is designed, in which a Genetic Algorithm is employed for global facility location and customer allocation, while a Variable Neighborhood Tabu Search is utilized for local route optimization. A case study of Yunlong County, Yunnan, demonstrates that, compared to a sequential decision-making approach, the proposed joint optimization method reduces the total cost of system by 88.3%. Furthermore, in contrast to a single-echelon direct delivery network, the on-time delivery rate is enhanced to 91.9%, achieving an effective balance between cost and service quality. This research provides an effective decision-making model and methodology for the planning and operation of distributed UAV logistics networks.

Key words: logistics engineering, two-echelon location-routing integrated optimization, mixed-integer programming, UAV logistics, genetic algorithm, variable neighborhood search

中图分类号:

耿劭卿, 翟一冰, 曹允春. 异构无人机两级协同配送网络选址-路径联合优化[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2026, 26(1): 34-44.

GENG Shaoqing, ZHAI Yibing, CAO Yunchun. Integrated Location-Routing Optimization for Two-echelon Logistics Network with Heterogeneous UAVs[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2026, 26(1): 34-44.

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链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2026.01.004

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V26/I1/34

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