交通运输系统工程与信息 ›› 2014, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 142-147.

• 系统工程理论与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

职住空间错位对城市居民通勤时间影响研究

包丹文 1*,郭唐仪 2   

  1. 1. 南京航空航天大学 民航学院,南京 210016;2. 南京理工大学 自动化学院,南京 210094
  • 收稿日期:2013-09-06 修回日期:2013-11-19 出版日期:2014-06-25 发布日期:2014-07-10
  • 作者简介:包丹文(1982-),男,江苏南京人,讲师,博士.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学青年基金(51208261);中国博士后科学基金(2013M541667).

Impacts of Spatial Mismatch between Residence and Employment Locations on Urban Residents’Commuting Time

Bao Dan-wen 1,Guo Tang-yi 2   

  1. 1. Collage of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; 2. School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
  • Received:2013-09-06 Revised:2013-11-19 Online:2014-06-25 Published:2014-07-10

摘要:

城市职住空间错位的研究通常以测度就业可达性为基础,但传统测度方法在应 用到国内城市时具有明显的缺陷.本文提出一种改进的就业可达性测度方法,通过引入就 业机会权重系数,量化了城市就业机会分布不均的特征,并以此为指标分析了职住空间 错位对于居民通勤行为的影响程度.研究显示,南京市主城区就业可达性差异性明显,呈 现从中心向外围逐步递减的趋势,且递减程度愈发明显.同时就业可达性对于低收入者的 通勤时间影响显著,可达性的提高有利于降低通勤时间,但是由于低收入群体在出行方 式选择上的局限性,可达性的提高无法拓展他们的就业范围,必须从优化公共资源配置 的角度来消减弱势群体的就业障碍.

关键词: 城市交通, 通勤时间, MNL 模型, 就业可达性, 职住错位

Abstract:

Studies on spatial mismatch between residence and employment locations are often based on measurement of job accessibility. But traditional measuring methods show obvious defects. This paper pro- posed an optimized job accessibility measuring method. Then, the influence of spatial mismatch on commut- ing behavior was analyzed with job accessibility as a quantitative indicator. According to the analysis results, job accessibility shows great variation across urban area of Nanjing: the inner urban area is more accessible to employment than the outer urban area. In addition, regression analysis shows job accessibility has signifi- cant impact on commuting time in general, and the impact is more obvious in low-income group. Higher job accessibility index may encourage shorter commuting time of low-income residents, but have no effect on ex- panding commuting range of low-income residents. They prefer to search job opportunities near to dwelling places, which restricted their commuting modes. The only way to reduce employment hurdle for low-income group is to optimize configuration of public traffic facilities and employment locations.

Key words: urban traffic, commuting time, MNL model, job accessibility, spatial mismatch

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