基于市民生活行为学的交通行为研究综述

doi:10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2022.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对交通行为的研究应该打破传统研究方法，转向基于市民生活行为学(狭义：生活导向型方法论)的研究方法。市民生活行为学侧重于考量生活选择之间的相互依存关系，不仅主张交通行为是各种生活选择的结果，也主张生活选择受交通行为的影响。这些主张既有理论基础也有实证依据，因此，涉及市民生活的各种决策需要不同部门的沟通与合作，这种沟通与合作需要有共同语言。市民生活行为学既为跨部门交通规划与管理提供全新的理论，也是服务于跨部门城市与区域政策(公共政策)的全新理论。市民生活行为学作为跨学科的理论体系，有望成为支持跨部门决策的通用语言。本文首先介绍市民生活行为学及其在交通行为研究的应用。其次，针对生活方式、汽车依赖、家庭能源消耗、信息通信技术与生活、健康与生活选择、旅游行为、老年人出行、年轻人风险行为、自然灾害应对及生涯流动在内的10个与交通行为密不可分的热点话题，介绍了基于市民生活行为学的交通行为研究进展。最后，提出基于市民生活行为学的交通行为研究的挑战与展望。

关键词: 综合运输, 市民生活行为学, 交通行为, 生活选择, 生活质量, 跨部门决策

Abstract: The research on travel behavior should make a paradigm shift from traditional approaches to the life-oriented approach supporting the interdependence of life choices. The life-oriented travel behavior research argues that travel behavior not only results from various life choices, but life choices are also affected by travel behavior. Such arguments have not only theoretical foundations but also empirical evidence. Accordingly, policy decisions related to citizens' lives require communications and collaboration across sectors. Cross-sectoral actions need common languages. The lifeoriented approach presents a brand new theory to support cross-sectoral transportation planning and management. It can also serve as a new theory to support cross-sectoral urban and regional policy (or general public policy). The lifeoriented approach is developed as a truly scientific system, which can serve as a common language to support crosssectoral policy making. In this review paper, first, the life-oriented approach and its implications to deal with travel behavior research are described. Second, the research progresses of the following ten topics are overviewed: lifestyles, car dependence, household energy consumption, information and communication technology and life, health and life choices, tourism behavior, mobility of the elderly, risky behaviors of young people, responses to natural disasters, and mobility biography. These topics are closely related to travel behavior. Finally, travel behavior research challenges and prospects are discussed from the perspective of the life-oriented approach.

Key words: integrated transportation, life- oriented approach, travel behavior, life choice, quality of life, crosssectoral policy making

中图分类号:

张峻屹, 李双金, 马爽. 基于市民生活行为学的交通行为研究综述[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2022, 22(2): 1-16.

ZHANG Jun-yi, LI Shuang-jin, MA Shuang. Overview of Life-oriented Travel Behavior Research[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2022, 22(2): 1-16.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/10.16097/j.cnki.1009-6744.2022.02.001

http://www.tseit.org.cn/CN/Y2022/V22/I2/1

参考文献

[1] ZHANG J, HAYASHI Y. Transportation amid pandemics: Practices and policies[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2022 (in press).

[2] 国家统计局. 中华人民共和国2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL]. (2020-02-28) [2022-01-10]. http: //www. stats. gov. cn/tjsj/zxfb/202002/t20200228_ 1728913.html. [Statistical Communique. The People's Republic of China on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development[EB/OL]. (2020- 02- 28) [2022- 01- 10]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202002/t20200228_ 1728913.html.]

[3] WOLMAN M G. Population, land use, and environment: A long history[M]// Committee on Population, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. Population and Land Use in Developing Countries. Washington DC: National Academies Press.c, 1993: 15-29.

[4] MYERS S, FRUMKIN H. Planetary health: Protecting nature to protect ourselves[M]. Washington DC: Island Press, 2020.

[5] ZHANG J, XIONG Y. Effects of multifaceted consumption on happiness in life: A case study in Japan based on an integrated approach[J]. International Review of Economics, 2015, 62(2): 143-162.

[6] STEAD D. Institutional aspects of integrating transport, environment and health policies[J]. Transport Policy, 2008, 15: 139-148.

[7] COLE R, BURKE M, LESLIE E, et al. Perceptions of representatives of public, private, and community sector institutions of the barriers and enablers for physically active transport[J]. Transport Policy, 2010, 17: 496-504.

[8] SHAFIR E. The behavioral foundations of public policy [M]. New York: Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, 2013.

[9] ZHANG J. Revisiting the residential self-selection issues: A life-oriented approach[J]. Journal of Land Use Transport, 2014, 7(3): 29-45.

[10] ZHANG J. Life-oriented behavioral research for urban policy[M]. Japan: Springer, 2017.

[11] 张峻屹. 市民生活行为学[M]. 东京：日本土木学会出版, 2015. [ZHANG J. Life-oriented behavioral studies [M]. Tokyo: Japan Society of Civil Engineers, 2015].

[12] ZHANG J. Governance for post-COVID-19 carbon reduction: A case study of the transport sector[M]. ZHANG J, HAYASHI Y (eds.). Transportation amid pandemics: Practices and policies. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2022.

[13] KANTOR J R. Interbehavioral psychology[M]. Chicago: The Principia Press,1958.

[14] ZHANG J, VAN ACKER V. Life-oriented travel behavior research: An overview[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2017, 104: 167-178.

[15] SCHEINER J. Social inequalities in travel behaviour: Trip distances in the context of residential self-seection and lifestyles[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2010, 18(6): 679- 690.

[16] VIJ A, CARREL A, WALKER J L. Incorporating the influence of latent modal preferences on travel mode choice behavior[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2013, 54: 164-178.

[17] VAN ACKER V. Lifestyle and modal choices: Defining, measuring and using the 'lifestyle' concept[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2015, 2495: 74-82.

[18] VAN ACKER V. Lifestyles and life choices[M]. In: ZHANG J (ed.), Life-oriented behavioral research for urban policy[M]. Japan: Springer, 2017.

[19] BEGG D J, LANGLEY J D, WILLIAMS S M. A longitudinal study of lifestyle factors as predictors of injuries and crashes among young adults[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1999, 31:1-11.

[20] BINA M, GRAZIAANO F, BONINNO S. Risky driving and lifestyles in adolescence[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 38: 472-481.

[21] MOLLER M, HAUSTIN S. Keep on cruising: Changes in lifestyle and driving style among male drivers between the age of 18 and 23[J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2013, 20: 59-69.

[22] CLARK B, LYONS G, CHATTERJEE K. Understanding the process that gives rise to household car ownership level changes[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2016, 55: 110-120.

[23] FRENKEL A, BENDIT E, KAPLAN S. Residential location choice of knowledge-workers: The role of amenities, workplace and lifestyle[J]. Cities, 2013, 35: 33-41.

[24] BAGLEY M N, MOKHARIAN P L. The impact of residential neigborhood type in travel behavior: A structural equation modelling approach[J]. Annals of Regional Science, 2002, 36: 279-297.

[25] GLICKMAN I, ISHAQ R, KATOSHEVSKI C R, et al. Integrating activity-based travel-demand models with land-use and other long-term lifestyle decisions[J]. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2015, 8: 71-93.

[26] LOIS D. Influences of lifestyle features on the transition into first marriage[J]. Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 2008, 20: 11-33.

[27] KAPLAN S, GRÜNWALD L, HIRTE G. The effect of social networks and norms on the inter-regional migration intentions of knowledge-workers: The case of Saxony, Germany[J]. Cities, 2016, 55: 61-69.

[28] HENSHER D A, STOPHER P R. Behavioral traveldemand modelling[M]. London: Croom Helm, 1979.

[29] JONES P. Development in dynamic and activity-based approaches to travel analysis[M]. Aldcrshot: Gower Pub Co., 1990.

[30] ZHANG J. A model of pedestrian time and monetary consumption behavior at city center[M]. In: TIMMERMANS H J P (ed.). Pedestrian Behaviour: Models, Data Collection and Applications, pp. 157-193, Bingley: Emerald, 2009.

[31] DENNIS C, MORGAN A, WRIGHT L T. et al. The influences of social e-shopping in enhancing young women's online shopping behavior[J]. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 2010, 9: 151-174.

[32] SZALAI A. The use of time: Daily activities of urban and suburban populations in twelve countries[J]. The Economic Journal, 1974, 84(335): 691-694.

[33] ZAHAVI Y. The TT-relationship: A unified approach to transportation planning[J]. Traffic Engineering and Control, 1973, 15: 205-212.

[34] ZAHAVI Y, RYAN J M. Stability of travel components over time[J]. Transportation Research Record, 1980, 750: 19-26.

[35] LYONS G, URRY J. Travel time use in the information age[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2005, 39: 257- 276.

[36] CHIKARAISHI M, FUJIWARA A, ZHANG J, et al. Changes in variations of travel time expenditure: Some methodological considerations and empirical results from German mobility panel[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2011, 2230: 121-131.

[37] HOJER M, MATTSSON L G. Determinism and backcasting in future studies[J]. Futures, 2000, 2: 613- 634.

[38] MOKHTARIAN P L, SALOMON I. How derived is the demand for travel? Some conceptual and measurement considerations[J]. Transportation Research A, 2001, 35: 695-719.

[39] ZHANG J, UNO M, FUJIWARA A. Cause-effect structure analysis of influential factors related to affective experience of using transit systems based on day reconstruction method[J]. Proceedings of Infrastructure Planning, 2009, 39 (CD-ROM).

[40] COOPER J, RYLEY T, SMYTH A. Contemporary lifestyles and the implications for sustainable development policy: Lessons from the UK's most car dependent city, belfast[J]. Cities, 2001, 18(2): 103-113.

[41] ELLEGARD K, PALM J. Visualizing energy consumption activities as a tool for making everyday life more sustainable[J]. Applied Energy, 2011, 88(5): 1920-1926.

[42] WIDEN J, LUNDH M, VASSILEVA I, et al. Constructing load profiles for household electricity and hot water from time-use data-Modelling approach and validation[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2009, 41(7): 753-768.

[43] BIN S, DOWLATABADI H. Consumer lifestyle approach to US energy use and the related CO2 emissions[J]. Energy Policy, 2005, 33(2): 197-208.

[44] WEI Y, LIU L, FAN Y, et al. The impact of lifestyle on energy use and CO2 emission: An empirical analysis of China's residents[J]. Energy Policy, 2007, 35(1): 247- 257.

[45] HUBACK K, GUAN D, BARRETT J, et al. Environmental implications of urbanization and lifestyle change in China: Ecological and water footprints[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009, 17(14): 1241-1248.

[46] SCHAFFRIN A, REIBLING N. Household energy and climate mitigation policies: Investigating energy practices in the housing sector[J]. Energy Policy, 2015, 77: 1-10.

[47] BAXTER L W, FELDMAN S L, SCHINNNAR A P, et al. An efficiency analysis of household energy use[J]. Energy Economics, 1986, 8(2): 62-73.

[48] FILIPPINI M, HUNT L C. US residential energy demand and energy efficiency: A stochastic demand frontier approach[J]. Energy Economics, 2012, 34(5): 1484-1491.

[49] CHUNG W. Review of building energy-use performance benchmarking methodologies[J]. Applied Energy, 2011, 88(5): 1470-1479.

[50] ABRAHAMSE W, STEG L, VLERK C, et al. A review of intervention studies aimed at household energy conservation[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2005, 25(3): 273-291.

[51] OHLER A M, BILLGER S M. Does environmental concern change the tragedy of the commons? Factors affecting energy saving behaviors and electricity usage [J]. Ecological Economics, 2014, 107: 1-12.

[52] OZAKI R, SEVASTYANOVA K. Going hybrid: An analysis of consumer purchase motivations[J]. Energy Policy, 2011, 39(5): 2217-2227.

[53] CZAJKOWSKI M, KADZIELA T, HANLEY N. We want to sort! Assessing households' preferences for sorting waste[J]. Resource and Energy Economics, 2014, 36(1): 290-306.

[54] STEG L, BOLDERDIJK J W, KEIZER K, et al. An integrated framework for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: The role of values situational factors and goals [J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2014, 38: 104- 115.

[55] YU B, TIAN Y, ZHANG J. A dynamic active energy demand management system for evaluating the effect of policy scheme on household energy consumption behavior [J]. Energy, 2015, 91: 491-506.

[56] YU B, ZHANG J, FUJIWARA A. Evaluating the direct and indirect rebound effects in household energy consumption behavior: A case study of Beijing[J]. EnergyPolicy, 2013, 57: 441-453.

[57] YU B, ZHANG J, FUJIWARA A. Analysis of the residential location choice and household energy consumption behavior by incorporating multiple selfselection effects[J]. Energy Policy, 2012, 46: 319-334.

[58] FORTES P, PEREIRA R, PEREIRA A, et al. Integrated technological-economic modeling platform for energy and climate policy analysis[J]. Energy, 2014, 73: 716-730.

[59] ZHANG J. To connect the past with the future[M]. In: ZHANG J (ed.). Transport and energy research: A behavioral perspective, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2019: 393- 416.

[60] SALOMON I. Technological change and social forecasting: The case of telecommuting as a travel substitute[J]. Transportation Research Part C, 1998, 6(1): 17-45.

[61] MOKHTARIAN P L, SALOMON I, CHOO S. Measuring the measurable: Why can't we agree on the number of telecommuters in the US?[J]. Quality and Quantity, 2005, 39(4): 423-452.

[62] DENSTADLI J M, JULSRUD T E, HJORTHOL R J. Videoconferencing as a mode of communication: a comparative study of the use of videoconferencing and face-to-face meetings[J]. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 2012, 26(1): 65-91.

[63] CHOO S, MOKHHTAARIAN P L. Do telecommunications affect passenger travel or vice versa? Structural equation models of aggregate US time series data using composite indexes[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2005(1): 224-232.

[64] HELMINEN V, RISTIMAKI M. Relationships between commuting distance, frequency and telework in Finland [J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2007, 15(5): 331- 342.

[65] KELLERMAN A. The end of spatial reorganization? Urban landscapes of personal mobilities in the information age[J]. Journal of Urban Technology, 2009, 16(1): 47-61.

[66] WATKINS K E, FERRIS B, BORNING A, et al. Where is my bus? Impact of mobile real-time information on the perceived and actual wait time of transit riders[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2011, 45(8): 839-848.

[67] CERVERO R, TSAI Y. City carshare in San Francisco, California: Second-year travel demand and car ownership impacts[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2004, 1887: 117-127.

[68] SHAHEEN S A, MARTIN E W, COHEN A P, et al. Public bikesharing in north America during a period of rapid expansion: Understanding business models, industry trends and user impacts[R]. San Jose: MTI Report, 2014.

[69] ZHANG J, HAYASHI Y, FRANK L D. COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey[J]. Transport Policy, 2021, 103: 68-85.

[70] PEREZ BARBOSA D, ZHANG J, SEYA H. Effects of the residential environment on health in Japan linked with travel behavior[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016, 13(2): 190, doi: 10.3390/ijerph13020190

[71] NOVACO R W, KLIEWER W, BROQUET A. Home environmental consequences of commute travel impedance[J]. Environmental Ecological Psychology, 1991, 19(6): 881-909.

[72] LOWREY A. Your commute is killing you [EB/OL]. (2011- 06- 02). [2022- 01- 08] https://www.dallasnews. com/opinion/commentary/2011/06/02/ annie-lowrey-yourcommute-is-killing-you/.

[73] PAUMGARTEN N. There and back again [EB/OL]. (2009- 04- 90). [2022- 01- 08] https: //www.newyorker. com/magazine/2007/04/16/there-and-back-again.

[74] PUTNAM R D. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community[M]. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2000.

[75] GEE G C, TAKEUCHI D T. Traffic stress, vehicular burden and well-being: A multilevel analysis[J]. Social Science and Medicine, 2004, 59(2): 405-414.

[76] BRAY R, VAKIL C, ELLIOTT D. Report on public health and urban sprawl in Ontario: A review of the pertinent literature [EB/OL]. (2005-1-1). [2022-01-08] https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20612657.

[77] ZHANG L, WU L, ZHANG J. Life-oriented tourism behavior research[M]. In: ZHANG J (ed.). Life-oriented behavioral research for urban policy[M]. Japan: Springer, 2017.

[78] STRAUSS-BLASCHE G, EKMEKCIOGLU C, MARKTL W. Moderating effects of vacation on reactions to work and domestic stress[J]. Leisure Sciences, 2002, 24: 237- 249.

[79] SIRGY M, JOSEPH P, KRUGER S, et al. How does a travel trip affect tourists' life satisfaction[J]? Journal of Travel Research, 2011, 50: 261-275.

[80] RICE R, FRONE M, MCFARLIN D. Work-nonwork conflict and the perceived quality of life[J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1992, 13: 155-168.

[81] THOMPSON J, BUNDERSON J. Work-nonwork conflict and the phenomenology of time: Beyond the balance metaphor[J]. Work and Occupations, 2001, 28: 17-39.

[82] RICHARDS G. Vacations and the quality of life: Patterns and structures[J]. Journal of Business Research, 1999, 44: 189-198.

[83] COGHLAN A. Tourism and health: Using positive psychology principles to maximise participants' wellbeing outcomes-a design concept for charity challenge tourism[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2015, 23(3): 382-400.

[84] DOLNICAR S, LAZAREVSKI K, YANAMANDRAM V. Quality of life and tourism: A conceptual framework and novel segmentation base[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2013, 66: 724-729.

[85] ALINEJAD M E, RAZAGHI Z. Culture and its role in tourism development[J]. Life Science Journal, 2012, 9(3): 1593-1597.

[86] TUULENTIE S, HEIMTUN B. New rural residents or working tourists? Place attachment of mobile tourism workers in Finnish Lapland and Northern Norway Scandinavian[J]. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2014, 14 (4): 367-384.

[87] CURRAN J, BLACKBURN R A. Older people and the enterprise society: Age and self-employment propensities [J]. Work Employment and Society, 2001, 15(4): 889- 902.

[88] HAO Y. Productive activities and psychological wellbeing among older adults[J]. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2008, 63(2): S64-S72.

[89] SIEGRIST J, VON DEM KNESEBECK O, POLLACK C E. Social productivity and well-being of older people: A sociological exploration[J]. Social Theory and Health, 2004, 2(1): 1-17.

[90] NHTSA A S A. Driving well: Promoting older driver safety and mobility in your community [J/OL]. NHTSA, 2007 [2021-08-31] [2022-01-10]. https: //www.nhtsa. gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/drivewelltk.pdf.

[91] CHIKARAISHI M, FUJIWARA A, KUWANO M, et al. Functionings enhanced by social networks in elders activity participations: The capability approach[C]. Washington D.C.: The 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, 2013.

[92] KIM S. Intra-regional residential movement of the elderly: Testing a suburban-to-urban migration hypothesis[J]. Annals of Regional Science, 2011, 46: 1-17.

[93] SPEARE A, MEYER J W. Types of elderly residential mobility and their determinants[J]. Journal of Gerontology, 1988, 43(3): S74-S81.

[94] RIMMO P A, HAKAMIES-BLOMQVIST L. Older drivers' aberrant driving behaviour, impaired activity, and health as reasons for self-imposed driving limitations [J]. Transportation Research Part F, 2002, 5(1): 47-62.

[95] DAVEY J A. Older people and transport: Coping without a car[J]. Ageing and Society, 2006, 27(1): 49-56.

[96] MAROTTOLI R A, LEON C F M, GLASS T A, et al. Consequences of driving cessation: Decreased out-ofhome activity levels[J]. Journal of Gerontology B, 2000, 55(6): 334-340.

[97] MAROTTOLI R A, MENDES DE LEON C F, GLASS T A, et al. Driving cessation and increased depressive symptoms: Prospective evidence from the New Haven EPESE[J]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1997, 45(2): 202-206.

[98] METZ D. Transport policy for an ageing population[J]. Transport Reviews, 2003, 23(4): 375-386.

[99] JIANG Y, ZHANG J. Risky behaviors in life: A focus on young people[M]. In: ZHANG J (ed.). Life-oriented behavioral research for urban policy[M]. Japan: Springer, 2017.

[100] KUIN H, MASTHOFF E, KRAMER M, et al. The role of risky decision-making in aggression: a systematic review [J]. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2015, 25: 159-172.

[101] MEHTA P H, BEER J. Neural mechanisms of the testosterone-aggression relation: The role of orbitofrontal cortex[J]. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2010, 22 (10): 2357-2368.

[102] HANNA E Z, YI H, DUFOUR M C, et al. The relationship of early-onset regular smoking to alcohol use, depression, illicit drug use, and other risky behaviors during early adolescence: Results from the youth supplement to the third national health and nutrition examination survey[J]. Journal of Substance Abuse, 2001, 13: 265-282.

[103] HSIEH H F, HEINZE J E, AIYER S M, et al. Crossdomain influences on youth risky driving behaviors: A developmental cascade analysis[J]. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 2015, 38: 11-21.

[104] DONOVAN J E. Young adult drinking-driving: Behavioral and psychosocial correlates[J]. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 1993, 54(5): 600-613.

[105] PHARO H, SIM C, GRAHAM M. Risky business: executive function, personality, and reckless behavior during adolescence and emerging adulthood[J]. Behavioral Neuroscience, 2011, 125 (6): 970-978.

[106] SHOPE J T, WALLER P F, RAGHUNATHAN T E, et al. Adolescent antecedents of high-risk driving behavior into young adulthood: Substance use and parental influences [J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2001, 33(5): 649- 658.

[107] LU Q, ZHANG J, WU L, et al. Adaptation of behavior to overcome natural disasters[M]. In: ZHANG J (ed.). Lifeoriented behavioral research for urban policy[M]. Japan: Springer, 2017.

[108] PATT A, SCHROTER D. Perceptions of climate risk in Mozambique: Implications for the success of adaptation strategies[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2008, 18: 458-467.

[109] PHILLIPS J. Determinants of forecast use among communal farmers in Zimbabwe[M]. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.

[110] BARNETT J, ADGER W N. Climate dangers and atoll countries[J]. Climatic Change, 2003, 61: 321-337.

[111] HESS J J, MALILAY J N, PARKINSON A J. Climate change: The importance of place[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2008, 35: 468-478.

[112] WEBER E. Perception and expectation of climate change: Precondition for economic and technological adaptation[M]. San Francisco, CA: New Lexington Press, 1997.

[113] VISCUSI W K, CHESSON H. Hopes and fears: The conflicting effects of risk ambiguity[J]. Theory and Decision, 1999, 47(2): 153-178.

[114] GROTHMANN T, PATT A. Adaptive capacity and human cognition: The process of individual adaptation to climate change[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2005, 15: 199-213.

[115] SUNDBLAD E L, BIEL A, GARLING T. Cognitive and affective risk judgments related to climate change[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2007, 27: 97-106.

[116] KEAY K, SIMMONDS I. The association of rainfall and other weather variables with road traffic volume in Melbourne, Australia[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2005, 37: 109-124.

[117] KNIVETON D, SMITH C, WOOD S. Agent-based model simulations of future changes in migration flows for Burkina Faso[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2011, 215: 34-40.

[118] MORTREUX C, BARNETT J. Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2009, 19: 105-112.

[119] MORENO A. Mediterranean tourism and climate change: A survey-based study[J]. Tourism Planning and Development, 2010, 7: 253-265.

[120] DENSTADLI J, JACOBSEN J, LOHMANN M. Tourist perceptions of summer weather in Scandinavia[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2011, 38: 920-940.

[121] MARTÍN M B G. Weather, climate and tourism a geographical perspective[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2005, 32(3): 571-591.

[122] PERRY A. Will predicted climate change compromise the sustainability of mediterranean tourism?[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2006, 14(4): 367-375.

[123] WU L, ZHANG J, LU Q, et al. Tourist adaptation behavior in response to climate disasters in Bangladesh [J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2017, 25 (2): 217- 233.

[124] CHATTERJEE K, SHERWIN H, JAIN J, et al. A conceptual model to explain turning points in travel behaviour: Application to bicycle use[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2013, 2322(1): 82-90.

[125] SHARMEEN F, ARENTZE T, TIMMERMANS H. An analysis of the dynamics of activity and travel needs in response to social network evolution and life-cycle events: A structural equation model[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2014, 59: 159-171.

[126] GUELL C, PANTER J, JONES N R, et al. Towards a differentiated understanding of active travel behaviour: Using social theory to explore everyday commuting[J]. Social Science Medicine, 2012, 75(1): 233-239.

[127] CASS N, FAULCONBRIDGE J. Commuting practices: New insights into modal shift from theories of social practice[J]. Transport Policy, 2015, 45: 1-14.

[128] GÄRLING T, AXHAUSEN K W. Introduction: Habitual travel choice[J]. Transportation, 2003, 30(1): 1-11.

[129] BHAT C R, SRINIVASAN S, AXHAUSEN K W. An analysis of multiple interepisode durations using a unifying multivariate hazard model[J]. Transportation Research Part B, 2005, 39(9): 797-823.

[130] THØGERSEN J. Understanding repetitive travel mode choices in a stable context: A panel study approach[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2006, 40(8): 621-638.

[131] SALOMON I. Life styles-a broader perspective on travel behaviour[M]. Aldershot: Gower, 1983.

[132] STUTZER A, FREY B S. Stress that doesn't pay: The commuting paradox[J]. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 2008, 110(2): 339-366.

[133] SANDOW E. Til work do us part: The social fallacy of long-distance commuting[J]. Urban Studies, 2014, 51(3): 526-543.

[134] MÜGGENBURG H, BUSCH-GEERTSEMA A, LANZENDORF M. A review of achievements and challenges of the mobility biographies approach and a framework for further research[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 46: 151-163.

[135] DARGAY J, HANLY M. Volatility of car ownership, commuting mode and time in the UK[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2007, 41(10): 934-948.

[136] LANZENDORF M. Key events and their effect on mobility biographies: The case of childbirth[J]. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2010, 4(5): 272-292.

[137] CLARK B, CHATTERJEE K, MELIA S. Changes in level of household car ownership: The role of life events and spatial context[J]. Transportation, 2016, 43(4): 565-599.

[138] DARGAY J. The effect of income on car ownership: Evidence of asymmetry[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2001, 35: 807-821.

[139] CLARK B, CHATTERJEE K, MELIA S. Changes to commute mode: The role of life events, spatial context and environmental attitude[J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2016, 89: 89-105.

[140] RASOULI S, TIMMERMANS H, VAN DER WAERDEN P. Employment status transitions and shifts in daily activity-travel behavior with special focus on shopping duration[J]. Transportation, 2015, 42(6): 919-931.

[141] KRIZEK K J. Residential relocation and changes in urban travel. Does neighborhood-scale urban form matter?[J] Journal of the American Planning Association, 2003, 69(3): 265-281.

[142] HANDY S, CAO X, MOKHTARIAN P. Correlation or causality between the built environment and travel behavior? Evidence from Northern California[J]. Transportation Research Part D, 2005, 10(6): 427-444.

[143] PRILLWITZ J, HARMS S, LANZENDORF M. Impact of life course events on car ownership[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2006, 1985(1): 71-77.

[144] BASLINGTON H. Travel socialization: A social theory of travel mode behavior[J]. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2008, 2(2): 91-114.

[145] LIEFBROER A C, ELZINGA C H. Intergenerational transmission of behavioural patterns: How similar are parents' and children's demographic trajectories?[J]. Advances in Life Course Research, 2012, 17(1): 1-10.

[146] VARGO S L, AKAKA M A. Service-dominant logic as a foundation for service science: Clarifications[J]. Service Science, 2009, 1(1): 32-41.