Abstract: Improving boarding efficiency by reducing boarding time is one of the most important methods to reduce the airline turnaround costs. Passenger boarding time is determined by a combination of boarding strategy and individual behavior. When boarding with a specific boarding strategy, if blocking occurs and the queue moves slowly, passengers in the queue may adopt overtaking behavior to increase their own speed, which then affects boarding efficiency. Considering the passenger overtaking behavior, this paper proposes a microscopic simulation model for the boarding efficiency analysis. With the proposed cellular automata model, simulation of the boarding process under different boarding strategies have been performed to compare the impact of overtaking behavior on the efficiency of different boarding strategies, and to quantify the efficiency of boarding strategies under the scenarios with varying passenger luggage ratio, boarding release interval, and passenger load factor when considering passenger overtaking behavior. The results show that after considering the overtaking behavior, the longer the boarding time strategy when the overtaking behavior is not originally considered, the higher the percentage of boarding time reduction, and the reduction in passenger walking interference delays is the main reason for the reduction in boarding time. In the scenario with large number of passengers with luggage or the passenger release interval is short, the strategy of boarding sequentially from the window to the aisle is more efficient than the Reverse Pyramid strategy. In the scenario where the occupancy rate is 70%, the strategy of boarding in four sequences from back to front is the best strategy for boarding in column order.

Key words: air transportation, boarding efficiency, cellular automaton, aircraft boarding, overtaking behavior

摘要： 依靠缩短登机时间提升登机效率是降低航空周转成本的重要手段之一。乘客登机时间由登机策略及个体行为等因素共同决定。在采用特定登机策略登机过程中，发生阻塞导致队列行进缓慢时，队列内的乘客可能采取超越行为提升自身行进速度，从而影响登机效率。针对乘客这种超越行为建立微观仿真模型，采用元胞自动机模拟不同登机策略下的乘客登机过程，比较超越行为对不同登机策略效率的影响程度，量化考虑乘客超越行为时登机乘客携带行李比例、登机放行间隔，以及客座率等情景下登机策略的效率。结果表明：在考虑超越行为后，原本不考虑超越行为时登机时间越长策略的登机时间缩减比例越高，乘客行走干扰延误的降低是登机时间缩减的主要原因。在乘客携带行李数量较多或乘客放行间隔较短的情景下，从靠窗到过道依次登机策略的效率优于倒金字塔式策略；在客座率70%的情景下，分4种次序从后到前登机的策略是按列次序登机的最佳策略。

关键词: 航空运输, 登机效率, 元胞自动机, 航空登机, 超越行为