Abstract: With a review on the development of the road toll collection technology，this paper discusses in detail about the technical mechanism of the new-generation toll collection system based on Vehicle Positioning System(VPS)and its application in the developed countries and areas．By compared with the traditional Electrical Toll Collection system (ETC)，this paper also analyzes the advantages and defects of the new system and forecasts its application．It could be concluded that the system is advanced indeed，but in terms of application，it should be combined with the local conditions，such as social, economic，and technical features of diffierent countries．At present，demands and obstacle for the system application coexists in China，which is at the right stage of rapid transport infrastructure development．Therefore，the system should be equipped with competent laws，policies，and measures in order to achieve its successful application in China．

Key words: vehicle positioning system(VPS), highway, electronic toll collection system(ETCS), mechanism, current status, future

摘要： 回顾了道路收费技术的发展历程，详细介绍了基于VPS技术的新一代道路收费系统的技术原理，及其在发达国家和地区的应用现状；通过与传统ETC系统的比较，分析了新一代道路收费系统的优缺点；最后，结合系统技术特点和社会需求，分析了该系统的应用前景。结论认为，该系统技术先进，代表了道路收费系统的未来发展方向；但由于受社会、经济、技术等多方面因素的制约，系统实施需要结合各国自身的国情；处于交通基础设施快速发展时期的中国，系统实施需求和阻力并存，需要完善的配套措施、政策和法律。

关键词: VPS, 道路, 电子收费, 原理, 现状, 前景