Abstract:

In order to relieve taxi-taking difficulty and reduce air pollution，taxi ride-sharing becomes more and more popular. So as to set price of a ride-sharing taxi more fairly，a loaded-run of a taxi is divided into several stages according to the number of passengers carried by the taxi. And then a bankruptcy model for every ride-sharing stage is established. After the analysis of the properties，which should be satisfied by the solutions of the bankruptcy model corresponding to this situation，the Talmud rule is used to solve the model. Thereby a pricing method for ride-sharing taxi is proposed. Exponential analysis shows that the fees determined by the proposed method are increasing with the number of ride-sharing passengers and with the distance of the ride- sharing，but with a slow increasing. Thus，the proposed method can increase the incentives of taxi drivers and passengers to participate in multi-person taxi ride-sharing and in long-run taxi ride-sharing. Research results can be taken as references for related managements to formulate policies about taxi ride-sharing.

Key words: urban traffic, pricing method, bankruptcy model, taxi ride-sharing, Talmud rule

摘要：

作为一种缓解打车难及减少空气污染的方法，出租车合乘越来越普遍. 为了更合理地为出租车合乘定价，依据出租车的载客数量，在将出租车的一次载客过程分为若干阶段的基础上，为其中的合乘阶段建立了破产模型. 通过深入分析这一情境所对应破产模型解应满足的特点，利用Talmud 法则来求解该模型，由此提出了一种出租车合乘定价方法. 算例分析表明，由该方法确定的合乘费用具有随着合乘人数和距离增加而增加，但增幅减缓的特点，从而提高了出租车司机和乘客参与多人合乘和长途合乘的积极性. 研究结果可为相关部门制定出租车合乘政策提供决策参考.

关键词: 城市交通, 定价方法, 破产模型, 出租车合乘, Talmud法则