Abstract:

Market structure and public transport subsidies are the important issues in public transport industry. It is studied in this paper that the impact of market structure and subsidies on the cost efficiency and service efficiency of public transport using stochastic frontier analysis method and annual data of 33 cities in China from 1990 to 2013. The research shows that the effect of public transport subsidies on cost efficiency and service efficiency are all positive, and the effect of subsidies on public transport is more significant. It presents an inverted "U" type relationship between subsidy ratio and cost efficiency and also service effect, and reach to the highest when its ratio in the 5%~10% range, which shows that the appropriate subsidies to improve the efficiency of public transport has a positive effect. Public transport market structure under the guidance of state- owned has a negative effect on cost efficiency and positive on service effectiveness of public transport. But the cost efficiency and service efficiency of state- owned transit firm are higher than private firm.

Key words: transportation economy, market structure and financial subsidies, stochastic frontier analysis, public transport, cost efficiency, service effectiveness

摘要：

公交市场结构和补贴是交通行业改革发展中关注的重要问题.采用随机前沿 分析方法，利用1990—2013 年我国33 个大中城市公共交通的运营数据，研究了市场结构 和补贴对城市公交成本效率和服务效果的影响.研究表明：公交补贴对成本效率和服务效 果均有正向激励作用，且补贴对公交服务效果的影响更为显著，补贴占成本比率与成本 效率和服务效果呈现倒“U”型关系，其比率在5%~10%区间时达到最高，说明适当的补贴 对提高公交运营效率有正面效果；国有主导下的公交市场结构会降低成本效率，提升服 务效果，且其成本效率和服务效果均高于市场化主导模式.

关键词: 交通运输经济, 市场结构和补贴, 随机前沿分析, 公共交通, 成本效率, 服务效果