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28 December 2011, Volume 11 Issue 增1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Theory and methods of urban traffic
Behavior analysis of urban Traffic
Empirical Study of Urban Traffic Optimization
Decision-making Forum
Empirical Study of Urban Traffic Optimization
Decision-making Forum
Empirical Study of Urban Traffic Optimization


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Theory and methods of urban traffic

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Design of Bus Stops Based on the Delay of Mixed Traffic XU Qi, YANG Jing, PENG Feng, ZHOU Rui, GAO Li-Ping 2011, 11(增1): 1-7.  Abstract ( )   The interference between the buses and non-motorized vehicles while the buses are going into or coming out of bus stops has an important effect on the operations of traffic systems.  Focusing on the mixed traffic flows consisting of buses and non-motorized vehicles at 3 types of bus stops when buses are going into or coming out of the bus stops, this study analyzes the interference between buses and non-motorized vehicles, and the types of delays. By following the principle of maximizing the utilities of both public and private transports, a mixed traffic delay-based model for the assessment of configuration selection of bus stops has been established to get average delays per person and PCU. By taking advantages of the VISSIM software, three kinds of bus stops have been studied in simulation. The results show that mixed traffic system delay presents different growth trends with the increases of vehicles’ volumes. The case study shows that the proposed delay model can be applied to select the suitable types of bus stops with different volumes of various vehicles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Level and Classification of Mixed Traffics at Urban Road Intersections CHEN Zhen-qi, SHENG Chang-yuan, LIU Jian-feng, HE Tao 2011, 11(增1): 8-13.  Abstract ( )   Most developing cities are characterized by their mixed traffics involving motorized vehicles, non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians. Under this heterogeneous condition, motorized vehicles are inevitably disturbed by non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians. However the extent of disturbing could be different in different cities, or in different areas of a city. It is important to find out the differences of disturbing for traffic managers to develop effective and efficient measures to manage the mixed traffic. This research devotes to describe and distinguish the differences of disturbing at intersections in developing cities and then develop a novel method to classify these intersections. It employs the time a vehicle uses to pass the intersection as a key indicator and captures disturbing features by comparing values of this indicator between two different conditions of only motorized traffic and mixed traffic. It is found that the disturbance will initially get more intense and then tend to be stable as the volume of non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians increases. It also shows that an intersection pools very close disturbances among its vehicles, but different intersections have very different disturbances. The findings yield the methodology applying to classify mixed traffic intersections. This study is conducted based on field data from Beijing city. Consequently a recommended table of re-sorting Beijing’s intersections under conditions of mixed traffic is also drawn out. Related Articles | Metrics

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Delay Model of Ped-Veh System Based on Pedestrian Crossing Signalized Roads GAO Li-ping, FU Chun-jie, HE Hui-jun, CHEN Shao-kuan 2011, 11(增1): 14-21.  Abstract ( )   Types of pedestrian crossings play important roles in urban traffic, because they bring different conflicts and delays between pedestrians and vehicles. Based on the characteristics and the conflicts ofpedestrians and vehicles at signalized road, four behavior rules are established. The inference processes of conflicts and delay between pedestrians and vehicles under different situations of pedestrian crossings are described, the delay model of ped-veh system is developed based on pedestrian crossings. Finally, with the VISSIM software, a simulation case of once and twice pedestrian crossings is studied by an 8-lane road in Beijing. The simulation results show that the twice pedestrian crossing could reduce the average relay of pedestrians and vehicles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Capacity Analysis of Signalized Intersections under Mixed Traffic Conditions Based on the First Discharge Headway QIAN Kun, TIAN Zhao-feng, SUN Zhuang-zhi 2011, 11(增1): 22-28.  Abstract ( )   The First Discharge Headway is the time consumed by the first car in the queue from its startup when the green light turns on to the second while it is completely across the stop line. This study analyzes the traffic composition and interference ratio of different lanes at the signalized intersection with mixed types of traffic flows. It is presented that left-turning lanes holds more small-sized vehicles and have much more interference. The functions of the first discharge headway of the left-turning lanes, inside through lanes, and outside through lanes are respectively studied by the Logistic model, the Compertz model and the Logsitic model. By further calculation, the first discharge headways of the left-turning lanes, inside through lanes, and outside through lanes are 3.98s, 4.60s and 4.85s respectively. The errors of modified model and the traditional one are computed by using the actual data. It turns out that the error of the modified model decreases sharply in comparison to the error of the traditional model. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization Research on Signal Timing for Urban Intersections Based on Pattern Search Algorithm LIU Shuang, YUE Fang, GUO Yan-dong, YAO Guang-zheng 2011, 11(增1): 29-35.  Abstract ( )   Optimization of signal timings for urban road intersections plays an important role in improving traffic efficiency and releasing traffic congestion. This study focuses on the optimizing algorithms of signal timings for urban road intersections based on real-time traffic volumes under relatively fixed periods. An optimizing function is made to minimize the total delay of all approaches in all phases. A non-liner programming model with the restrictions of minimum green light time and saturation is developed. The pattern search algorithm is supplied to establish signal timing at an urban road intersection and solve the newly developed model. Different schemes of signal timings can be obtained accordingly. Thereafter, this study compares these schemes by utilizing the Webster algorithm. Finally, it is shown that the Pattern search algorithm has a practically better value for solving the traffic signal control and optimization at the single-point interactions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Channelization Methods for Intersections HU Chao-fan，XU Qi，ZHU Jin 2011, 11(增1): 36-42.  Abstract ( )   The optimization of the traffic flow organization for road intersections is the key to alleviate traffic jams in metropolis. By focusing on the study of the traffic jams at the road intersections in Beijing from 2003 to 2009, typical intersection channelization problems and countermeasures have been summarized. Based on the HCM intersection capacity calculating procedures, taking advantages of software VISSIM and using field data for one of the intersections in Beijing, the specific intersection simulation model is developed to assess improvement measures. The simulation results show that by removing poles in the north, south and east approaches and channelizing the traffic flows from the east approach, the intersection’s service of level (LOS) is upgraded from level E to level D. The case study reveals that reasonably channelizing approach functions can improve the LOS of intersections. Related Articles | Metrics

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Positive Research on the Organization Optimization of Bicycle Parking in the Areas with High Population Densities FENG Jia1，GUO Jin-yi2，ZHANG Xiu-yuan3 2011, 11(增1): 43-48.  Abstract ( )   Mixed road traffic has been a major characteristic of the urban road traffic in China, and bicycles play an important role in urban traffic. This study focuses on the optimization of bicycle parking in densely populated areas such as transfer hubs of the urban rail transit system, parks, and hospitals which serve the public and usually generate and attract large numbers of trips. According to issues of bicycle parking in areas with high population densities, the corresponding countermeasures are proposed. By setting double layer racks for bicycle parking, the capacity of parking bicycles around the Wudaokou Station of the urban rail line No.13 increases and another 220 bicycles could be accommodated, which is able to meet the basic demand. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reasonable Utilization of the Space Resource under Grade Separation Bridges in Urban Areas SUN Quan-xin，FENG Xu-jie，GAN Tian-tian 2011, 11(增1): 49-54.  Abstract ( )   Through the survey of the utilization of the space resource under typical grade separation bridges in Beijing, it is found that there exist 4 different types of problems such as unreasonable setting of the u-turn lanes. By following the principle of “utilizing spaces under grade separation bridges to solve traffic problems especially for the transfers between public transits”, various countermeasures are proposed to solve corresponding problems. Taking Wanliu Bridge on the 3rd ring road in Beijing as an example, the study results show that the rearrangement of the signals there leads to 69.6% and 76.3% decreases of the two-way average queue lengths and respectively 67.9% and 58.7% decreases of the average delays of vehicles in two ways. Moreover, change of the lane utilization leads to 60.1% decrease of the average queue length and 49.5% decrease of the average delay of vehicles in one way. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement Strategy of the Barrier-free Pedestrian System around Representative Region of Urban Transportation LIU Xin-hua，JIANG Guang-sheng，QIAN Kun, CHEN Song 2011, 11(增1): 55-60.  Abstract ( )   It is very important to improve the service level of barrier-free traffic system to protect the aged and the disabled and adapt to the trend of population aging of our country. This study has summarized the common problems of barrier-free facilities around hospitals, shopping areas and parks and proposed corresponding countermeasures based on the analysis of present service level of barrier-free facilities in our country. Index evaluation system on the improvement effect of barrier-free traffic facilities around parks is established with the actual situation of barrier-free traffic facilities in typical region. Finally, the reason of low service level of the barrier-free facilities has been analyzed and three improvement proposals have been discussed by simulating Taiping Street nearby the east gate of Taoranting Park. Meanwhile, the effect of the improvement has been evaluated with using the index evaluation system. It is turned out that the delay of the pedestrian is reduced by 67.4% after the implementation of the proposed methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Signal Priority of BRT by the Simulations Based on the Cellular Automata Model ZHANG Jian-peng, LIAO Chang, YANG Yuan-zhou, JIA Bin 2011, 11(增1): 61-67.  Abstract ( )   This study has developed the cellular automata simulation model to analyze the effect of the signal priority on the BRT and, in a further, its influence on the vehicle flows at road intersections. According to the signals at the intersection of the Heyinongchang Stop on the Line No.1 of the BRT in Beijing, the newly developed model has been estimated and the simulation results are evaluated. Three strategies about signal priority are simulated, i.e. early green signal strategy, extended green signal strategy and the combination of the former two strategies. Finally, according to the simulation results, the attributes of the traffic flows at intersections and the operational characteristics of the BRT are analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the Influence to the Buses Entering Stops Based on Queuing Theory HUANG Yu, ZHANG Qing HUANG Yu, ZHANG Qing 2011, 11(增1): 68-73.  Abstract ( )   This study summarizes the main factors of slowing down flows of vehicles through analyzing the running characteristics of vehicles at bus stops, and developes the vehicle delay model by using the queuing theory, traffic flow theory and the BRP function. The West Jimen Bridge is selected as a study case to analyze the impact of the changes of the model’s parameters on the delay of social vehicles. The research results show that the total delay of social vehicles and the delay of unit social vehicle increase exponentially with the increase of traffic flow. The queuing system begins to be unstable when the speed of traffic flow reaches 7 232 pcu / h; however, the total delay of vehicles decreases with the increases of the arrival frequency and the average pull-in speed of buses. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on the Characteristics of Arrival Time of Buses and the Service Level of Platform XUE Jing-jing, LIAO Chang, WU Ke-qi, JIA Shun-ping 2011, 11(增1): 74-80.  Abstract ( )   As a key aspect of the sustainable development of a city, the improvement of its public transport system is very important for its urban transport development. This study analyzes the whole running process of a bus from its initial departure to arrival at the terminal, with using mathematical methods in consideration of the running characteristics of the bus. A model describing the arrivals of buses is developed and simplified to analyze the characteristics of the arrival time of buses and the frequency of the arrivals of buses. Finally, this research uses the queuing theory to develop a model to calculate the capacity of the bus-stop, and the capacity of a bus-stop in Beijing is evaluated by utilizing this model. It is proved that it will be an efficient way to choose the location and the stop mode of the bus-stop to control the situation of the queue by designing the number of routes and frequency of the departures of buses, which could improve the operating efficiency of bus stations to alleviate traffic congestion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability Analysis of a Bus Stop’s Transport Service LI Mao-sheng, LONG Jia, CHEN Da-fei, SHI Feng 2011, 11(增1): 81-89.  Abstract ( )   It is an important measure to improve the operation efficiency of the urban traffic system by coordinating the service capacities of bus stops and the parking demands of buses. Based on the bus routes, departure intervals of buses, sites of stops and the numbers of parking berths for buses at stops, this study analyzes the service reliabilities of bus stops in a whole city and proposes a formulas for calculating the service reliability of a bus stop, on the assumption that the travel time on the road segment and the stay time at bus stops of the bus obey probability distribution. The proposed formula can figure out the probability of multiple buses meeting at a stop in arbitrary time intervals, according to a new conception-α-reliability. It is concluded that the service reliability of a bus stop will be influenced not only by the changes of the bus routes, departure intervals of buses, site of the stop and the number of parking berths but also by the reliabilities of the travel time of buses in a road section and their stay time at the bus stop. Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance of Bus Lanes at the Entrance of a Intersection with Different Saturations LEI Lian-gui， XIANG Kai, WANG Li-shao, SUN Quan-xin 2011, 11(增1): 90-96.  Abstract ( )   Focusing on the impact of bus lanes on the traffic flows at intersections, the conditions of building bus lanes and the configuration of bus lanes have been studied in this paper. Based on the survey data, a simulation model to analyze typical layouts of bus lane at intersections is developed to examine how the bus lanes work at the entrances of intersections. A series of indices about the traffic saturations of different travel modes at the intersection have been selected to quantify the relationship between the traffic saturation and the performance of the bus lanes at intersection, with the application of VISSIM software. It employs average queue length, bus delay, car delay and average delay per person at the intersection as the evaluating indicators, and compare the values of the four indicators before and after the establishment of a bus lane. It is shown that when the saturation at the intersection is more than 0.6 and less than 0.8, the bus lane will help to make the performance of the intersection better. Related Articles | Metrics

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Level of Service Evaluation of Urban Commuter Travel Modes YAO Xian-hui, LIU Jin-ming, ZHANG Yang, LIU Zhi-li 2011, 11(增1): 97-103.  Abstract ( )   With the expansion of the scope of employment of urban residents, the increasing distance of commuter travel, the gradually extended commuting time, the commuter travel become more complex. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of travel behaviors, aiming at grasping the law of commuter travel and improving the traffic environment commuter travel. This study analyzes commuter travel characteristics from the viewpoints of travel time feature, trip distance, travel time, transportation mode choice and then gives the evaluation system of commuter travel. With the combination of the logit model and AHP, the level of service of commuter travel modes has been obtained. It is proved that the method is reasonable and the corresponding evaluation is made by an example. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the Social and Economic Index System to Evaluate the Intelligent Urban Traffic Management System for Beijing LIANG Yu-qing, WANG Shi-hua, ZHANG Meng 2011, 11(增1): 104-109.  Abstract ( )   It is significantly important to scientifically and reasonably assess the effect of the intelligent urban traffic management system on the development of urban transport and the improvement of social and economic benefits for the decision-making of the urban transport management. On the basis of the social and economic evaluations of the intelligent traffic management systems at home and abroad, by following the principle of evaluation index selection, in view of the traffic situation in Beijing, this study has established the index system to evaluate the social and economic benefits of the intelligent urban traffic management system for Beijing. At the same time, according to specific evaluation indices, the method of evaluating the intelligent traffic management system is studied. Related Articles | Metrics

Behavior analysis of urban Traffic

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Research on the Departure Time Choices of the Elders’ Daily Travels ZHANG Zheng, FENG Xu-jie, GUO Yan-dong 2011, 11(增1): 110-115.  Abstract ( )   A departure time choice model is developed base on the Cox proportional hazard model. And a regression analysis has been carried out to estimate the model, with using the data of the 3rd Resident Trip Survey in Beijing. The results of the regression analysis show that the 12 characteristic variables, such as the personal, family, trip attributes and the choice of traffic mode, effect the departure time choice of the elders’ daily trips at different degrees; 12.5% and 24.1% of the elders’ departure time are respectively before 7:00 am and after 10:00 am; 69.5% of the elders leave for leisure or physical exercise before 8:00 am which is earlier than the departure time of other elders with different trip purposes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety Analysis of Taxi Following Behavior YANG Ling-ling, YANG Yi-hui, HOU Xiao-yu 2011, 11(增1): 116-120.  Abstract ( )   Providing flexible and convenient services, taxi becomes one of the most important modes of passenger transport in many major cities of China. However, the increasingly popular taxis have brought several problems to urban traffic. This study explores the characteristics and safety of the following behaviors of taxis on urban road. It is observed that taxis run with smaller following spaces than the ones between public vehicles of other types. Furthermore, the safety of following behaviors of taxis is examined in a quantificational manner with the proposed models. In terms of the numerical examples, the risk-taking following behavior increases the possibility of crashes. The variable of following space can be selected as a predictor of accidents. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Study on Bus Travel Mode Choice Behavior Based on a Nested Logit Model CHEN Jun-li, MA Yun-long, ZHU Nan 2011, 11(增1): 121-126.  Abstract ( )   In recent years, with the continuous growth of national economy and the gradual increase of the urban motorization level, the pressure from traffic and environmental problems becomes more and more serious. Improving the service level of public transport and its attractiveness is an urgent need. This study based on the third resident travel survey data in Beijing, analyzes the bus travel characteristics and rules from the perspective of individual travel behavior. Meanwhile, using the Nested Logit modeling theory, this study develops a travel mode choice model based on travel time to quantitatively analyze the effect of the various attributes of individual travelers on the behavior of the bus choice, and proposes suggestions to make corresponding policies for public transport demand management. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Impact of Bicycles on Public Buses at Urban Bus Stops DU Shao-na, PENG Hong-qin，LI Miao-jun，CHEN Song 2011, 11(增1): 127-132.  Abstract ( )   Taking two different typical types of bus stops in Beijing as examples, this study analyzes the influence of bicycles on buses at stops. A model is developed and estimated to describe the effect of bicycles’ behavior upon buses which are also interfered by other factors. Finally, some measures to reduce the interference of bicycles on buses are proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Travel Attributes of Private Cars on the Basis of Home-Based Trip Chains GAO Feng, GUO Yan-yun, CHEN Jin-chuan 2011, 11(增1): 133-140.  Abstract ( )   Under the background of economic soaring and the number of private cars increasing quickly, this study takes private car users as research object, in order to explore effective analysis method of travel behavior and find out the attributes of travel behavior of private cars, which provide us very important reference for making effective private cars management policies, to solve the traffic congest problem. This study firstly analyzes the attributes of travel behavior of private cars from the viewpoints of latent immanency and travel behavior. Secondly, the method of home-based trip chain analysis is introduced. A Bi-Level Nested Logit model is developed based on the home-based trip-chain analysis. The significance and sensitivity of variables are analyzed. Finally, by means of verifying the statistic characteristics and estimation accuracy of the model, it is proved that the proposed model has comparatively higher estimation accuracy. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Modeling Study of the Walking Speed of the Passengers in Different Areas of a Subway Station for Transfer YANG Han, WU Meng-huan, ZHANG Han-xiao, LIU Zhi-li 2011, 11(增1): 141-146.  Abstract ( )   Investigation of the subway passengers’ average walking speed is the primary work to improve the service level of facilities and to optimize the allocations of various equipments in transfer stations. This research focuses on the passengers’ average walking speed for transfer from the statistical viewpoint. Firstly, a sampling method is designed based on the analysis of factors affecting the walking speed of the passengers inside the Haidian Huangzhuang Station along the Line No.10 of the Beijing subway. It is proved by the analysis of the data collected in the transfer passage from Line No.10 to Line No.4 at this station that the probability of the walking speed of the passengers in the bottleneck area and downstairs follows respectively the Sqrt-normal distribution and the Log-normal distribution. Its expected value and standard deviation are affected remarkably by the level of congestion. The conversion factors are obtained based on the comparison of different walking speeds in different areas with different types of equipments for transfer. Related Articles | Metrics

Empirical Study of Urban Traffic Optimization

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London Congestion Charging Experience and Its Implications for Beijing LIU Ming-jun, ZHU Jin, MAO Bao-hua 2011, 11(增1): 147-152.  Abstract ( )   By introducing the London Congestion Charging Scheme, this study evaluates the operational effects of congestion charging strategies based on various series of research reports from the viewpoints of traffic volume, congestion level, travel behavior and social impacts. According to the latest report of Mayor’s Transport Strategy, the latest development of congestion charging operation in London was introduced. Based on the experience of London, this study analyzes the feasibility of applying traffic congestion charging policies in Beijing now from the viewpoints of public attitude, alternative travel mode system and technology and so on. It is concluded that it is still premature to apply the congestion charging strategies in Beijing at present, though the applications of the congestion charging strategies could control the traffic flow volumes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Strategy of Road Traffic Organization for the Urban Area around Beijing South Railway Station LIANG Xiao, LIU Shuang, HU Xin-yu, SUN Ming-zheng 2011, 11(增1): 153-160.  Abstract ( )   The urban traffic organization system becomes more and more important because of a series of traffic problems caused by the development of social economy and the increase of the number of car ownerships. This study has selected Beijing South Railway Station as the study area. According to the field research of the Beijing South Railway Station and its surrounding area, the directions of the main traffic flows in the road network of this area have been analyzed. The traffic organizations in the areas of Majiapu and Taoranting are proved unreasonable. And there are uneven traffic loads on different parts of the road networks, which is due to the irrational layouts of traffic signs. The appropriate traffic organization in the area around Beijing South Railway Station has been proposed. Finally, based on the case study of the road network surrounding the Beijing South Railway Station, the traffic flows on the road network are simulated with the VISSIM software. According to the simulation results, a reasonable pattern of traffic organization in the area surrounding Beijing South Railway Station is suggested. The results show that the traffic condition in the area around Beijing South Railway Station could be significantly improved by reasonable reorganizations of traffic flows, and the total delay time and the total stopping time could be reduced by 11.56% and 17.98% respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical Analysis of the Traffic Micro-circulation Organization in Heavy Traffic Networks YAO Guang-zheng, WU Ke-qi, WU Hai-jun 2011, 11(增1): 161-167.  Abstract ( )   Micro-circulation traffic organization is an important method to optimize regional transportation. Firstly, this study summarizes the common problems about the Micro-circulation traffic organization and gives corresponding countermeasures based on the analysis of the highly loaded traffic network. Secondly, by referring to the example of the micro-circulation traffic organization at the area of Zhongguancun West, this study has developed a Micro-circulation transportation organization simulation model and the simulation procedure in view of the OD split, the effective traffic flow path planning and the information induction principle and method. Finally, this study evaluates the effect of applying the micro-circulation traffic organization. The results of the simulation show that because of the improvement, the traffic load on the trunk roads in Zhongguancun area is decreased. The travel time and delay time have been reduced by respectively 19.3% and 38.6% in this area. The utilization ratio of the access roads increases. The purpose of sharing the traffic flows on trunk roads to access roads is achieved by applying the microcirculation organization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Signal Timing Optimization for Urban Arterial Roads：A Case Study in Beijing GUO Yan-dong，LI Huan，LI Xia-miao 2011, 11(增1): 168-175.  Abstract ( )   One of the main reasons for the urban traffic congestion is the incoordination of the traffic signals at intersections of urban arterial roads. Under the conditions of existing transport infrastructures, through bettering traffic management measures which especially include optimizing the signal control system for intersections, the traffic congestions on urban arterial roads can be effectively released. In this paper, the common problems of signal controls for urban arterial roads and the countermeasures have been summarized. By applying the theory of arterial coordination control and taking the Daliushu Road, Zhongguancun East Road and Zaojunmiao Road in Haidian District of Beijing as examples the traffic signal control system for eight intersections on the arterial roads is established. The system is optimized by using the software Syncho. By using the simulation software VISSIM, the operational states of the roads are compared. The study results show that by taking the optimization measures, the average delays in southbound, and northbound directions in evening rush hours has been reduced by respectively 35.5% and 34.9%, while their average travel speeds have been increased by 10.31% and 15.54%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical Analysis of Setting Exits and Entrances of Urban Expressways LIU Jing ，YANG Yuan-zhou，HE Tao，CHAI Qian 2011, 11(增1): 176-181.  Abstract ( )   Exit and entrance are key parts connecting express way and its surrounding road network and have directly impacts on the operating efficiency of express way and auxiliary lane. Firstly, this study proposes corresponding improvement measures on the basis of summarizing the current problem in setting exits and entrances of an express way. With real examples, this research establishes the simulation model and the simulation procedure, and analyzes the effect of the improvement measures. The simulation results show that a rational distance between the bus stop and the exit of an express way will reduce the disturbance between the buses getting into or coming out of the stop and other social vehicles, which does good to decrease the queue length, delay time and stopping times of vehicles, and releases the congestion of the road segment from exit of the express way to the auxiliary lane. According to the comparative analysis, the queue length, stopping times and delay time of the vehicles on the studied road segment have been decreased by respectively 62.1%, 49.9% and 70.1%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical Research on the Layouts of Platforms of Bus stops LIAO Chang，PENG Feng，WANG Yu-ming 2011, 11(增1): 182-187.  Abstract ( )   Bus stops are important urban public transportation facilities. Unreasonable layout of a bus stop will make its service level very low and also decrease the transport capacity of the roads in its surrounding area. In order to reduce interaction between buses and other vehicles, this research analyzes the effect of the platform’s the form, type, location, physical condition and stop line on the level of service provided by a bus stop with real examples and proposes corresponding measures to improve the operational efficiency of a bus stop’s platform. Based on the study of the Huilongguan bus stop, it is proved that type and area of the platform play important roles to effectively improve the levels of services provided by platforms and buses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Layout of Bus Stops for Multiple Bus Routes LI Kai-sheng, FENG Jia1, LI Xia-miao 2011, 11(增1): 188-194.  Abstract ( )   As the problem of traffic congestion in big cities is more and more serious, the bus priority has been a basic policy for public transport. In big cities, bus stops for multiple bus routes are prevalent in the bus service system and they are the basic ligaments between passengers and the bus service system. This research gives the way to calculate the number of the berths of buses in a bus stop by dealing with the relationship between the number of the berths and the capacity of the bus stop. According to the service mode of a bus stop, the need of buses’ berths in this bus stop in rush hours can be met with better. The size of the platform is computable based on the number of the berths and the service level of the bus stop, which can be used to calculate the size of a new bus stop and evaluate the rationality of the size of the platform of an existing bus stop. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the Methods of Establishing Waiting Areas for Auto-vehicles Turning Left and Going Straight at Signalized Intersections LI Xiao-shuai, JIA Shun-ping, SUN Hai-rui 2011, 11(增1): 195-201.  Abstract ( )   To increase the capacity of a road intersection and the traffic capacity, and reduce the traffic delays at the intersection, the settlement of the waiting-areas for auto-vehicles is very important. The methods of organizing traffic flows in a signalized intersection with waiting-areas, channelized design and signal control are analyzed in this research. The effect of the establishment of the waiting-areas for auto-vehicles turning left or going straight on the traffic capacity has been discussed in consideration of channelized design and signal control. Finally, with the utilization of the VISSM software, the increase of the intersection capacity and the decrease of the average delay at the entrance of a intersection have been studied by the simulation of the traffic condition at the Guanyuanqiao intersection. It turns out that the establishment of the waiting-areas for auto-vehicles is able to improve the traffic capacity at this intersection by 17.4% and decrease the average traffic delay by 26.1%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical Study for Improving the Traffic Conditions at Bottleneck Road Sections LI Miao-jun, SUN Quan-xin, YANG Jing 2011, 11(增1): 202-208.  Abstract ( )   The road sections as bottlenecks of a road network decrease the traffic capacity of the road network significantly. The reasons for making bottleneck road sections are summarized in this study. They include the bad planning of the urban roads in the process of urban development and the influence from the railway lines and bridges in the urban areas. Based on the study of the Chaoyang Park Bridge around Yaojiayuan Road, it is proved that break road sections have a significant impact on the capacity of the road network and sharing part of the traffic volume on arterial roads to branch roads can release the congestion level at the nodes the road network. Smoothing break road sections can increase the value of the non-linear coefficient of the road network and make the connections between the nodes of the road network more easily. Moreover, improving the traffic conditions at intersections whose configurations are irregular can increase the accessibility of the road network by 17.5%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Empirical Study of Designing the Entrances and the Exits of a Parking Area GUO Yan-yun, SUN Zhuang-zhi, ZHANG Xiu-yuan 2011, 11(增1): 209-215.  Abstract ( )   With the development of economy and the acceleration of motorization process, parking management problems become more serious. Static traffic problems such as inadequate supply of parking facilities and services and especially the improper designs of the entrances and exits of parking areas have become increasingly prominent. These problems interfere with pedestrians and vehicles, which results in bottlenecks of road sections. On the other hand, they have serious impacts on both the traffic inside parking areas and the road traffic, which easily cause traffic jams and congestions. This study firstly summarized the common problems of designing entrances and exits of parking areas, including absence of U-turn lanes, the exits of a parking area facing up to pedestrian crossings, unreasonable location choices of entrances and exits, etc. Finally, by analyzing the problems of the parking area under the Xiaojie Bridge, countermeasures are proposed to solve these problems, and the effect of the application of these measures is evaluated. Related Articles | Metrics

Decision-making Forum

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Empirical Study of the Problems of Pedestrians’ Crossing Facilities on Road Sections YANG Yi-hui ZHU Yan-ru, LI Xiao-wei 2011, 11(增1): 216-220.  Abstract ( )   As for the mixed urban traffic, the influence between the pedestrians walking cross road sections and the normal driving of motor vehicles is so significant that it results in traffic jams. Firstly, this research summarizes the problems of pedestrians crossing facilities at crosswalks, overpasses, underground passages and sidewalks and pedestrians crossing signals. Thereafter, this study proposes the measures to solve these problems, including reasonably setting crosswalks and pedestrian crossing signals, sidewalks, overpasses and underground passages, non-motor-vehicle lanes and traffic signs and markings. Finally, the research on the optimization of the twice crossing signals for the pedestrians in the east area of the bus stop of Changchun Street Intersection East. It is shown that, the systematic signals for adjacent intersections makes the effective time for pedestrians crossing roads increase 25% in evening peak hours, and the efficient time of the green signals increases 20% in the non-peak hours at noon. Related Articles | Metrics

Empirical Study of Urban Traffic Optimization

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Empirical Analysis of Optimizing Pedestrian Crossing Traffic at Signalized Intersections LIU Jin-ming, LI Xian, ZHANG Rui 2011, 11(增1): 221-227.  Abstract ( )   Optimization of pedestrian traffic at signal intersections can not only improve the overall efficiency of the intersections and release urban traffic congestion but also reflect the substance of people-oriented policies. This study firstly analyses pedestrians’ behavior at signalized intersections and shows the problems of the signals and other facilities for pedestrians crossing roads, and proposes the corresponding measures to solve these problems which include reasonable signal phases for both vehicles and pedestrians and optimizing the layouts of the facilities for pedestrians crossing roads. At last, by taking the intersection of Beijing Chegongzhuang Avenue-Chegongzhuang North Street as an example, this study analyze the effect of optimizing pedestrian traffic flows at signalized intersections by improving signal phases and twice crossing street facilities. It is shown that the green signal time for pedestrians increase by 33.3% and the efficiency of pedestrians crossing roads is improved significantly. Related Articles | Metrics

Decision-making Forum

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Research on the Location Choice of the Optimal Variable Messages Signs in Consideration of the Effect of Traffic Guidance Information——Case Study of the Road Area of Beijing South Railway Station YUAN Shu-ping, QI Kai, GUAN Ji-zhen 2011, 11(增1): 228-233.  Abstract ( )   Variable Message Signs (VMS) system is applied in the trunk road networks in the major cities of China, and plays a positive role in releasing traffic jams. In this research, the development, working principle, information generation, etc. of the urban traffic flow guidance system which is based on VMS are introduced in detail. Meanwhile, the previous research on the traffic flow guidance at home and abroad is reviewed. With the analysis of the requirements of the VMS users and the factors influencing the site distribution of VMS, the location choice model of the VMS is improved by following the principle of the VMS location choices and analyzing the effect of the guiding information on route choices. The impact of the VMS applied for the roads near Beijing South Railway Station is analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

Empirical Study of Urban Traffic Optimization

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Empirical Study of the Design of Traffic Signs in the Area around the Beijing Southern Railway Station YANG Shu-juan, PENG Hong-qin, WANG Xin 2011, 11(增1): 234-240.  Abstract ( )   Design of traffic signs will affect the route choices of drivers and affect the efficiency of road utilization. This research analyzes the characteristics of the traffic flows of various types of vehicles coming into and going out of the Beijing Southern Railway Station. It is found that the traffic signs on the roads near the Beijing South Railway Station are not enough, and some of the existing traffic signs are discontinuous, irrationally established or unreasonably located. These problems are summarized according to the principle of information coherence and clearness. Finally, the countermeasures are proposed base on the characteristics of the traffic flows around the Beijing Southern Railway Station and the design principle of traffic signs. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Empirical Research on the Design of Parking Areas for Non-motorized Vehicle at Complex Urban Transportation Transfer Regions ZHAO Xin-miao, ZHONG Jiao-ying, ZHOU Pei, REN Kuo, YANG Yuan-zhou 2011, 11(增1): 241.  Abstract ( )   The design of parking areas for non-motorized vehicles is important to optimize the complex transportation organization work at urban regions. Based on the study of urban transportation situation in the area near the B entrance of the Fuchengmen subway station in Beijing, the issue of the complex transportation organization is studied. In consideration of the capacity of accommodating non-motorized vehicles in this area, the service levels of the bus stop and the sidewalks, etc., the scenario to design the parking area for non-motorized vehicles in this urban region is proposed and this scenario is evaluated based on survey. It is proved that reasonable design of the widths of the platform of the bus stop and sidewalks to ensure the service of the parking area for non-motorized vehicles acceptable (at the C level) could improve the number of the non-motorized vehicles able to be accommodated increases from 30 to 93. The increase ratio is 210%. Related Articles | Metrics