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25 December 2011, Volume 11 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Decision-making Forum
Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System
Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology
Systems Engineering Theory and Methods
Cases Analysis


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Decision-making Forum

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Systems Science and Transportation Development JIA Shun-Ping 2011, 11(6): 1-11.  Abstract ( )   PDF (433KB) ( )   The Seventh Advanced Forum on Transport of China sets its theme as “systems science and transportation development”. Four subjects are involved such as “theory and methodology of regional integrated transportation planning”, “applications of intelligent transportation systems”, “transportation energy saving method and strategy implementation” and “green logistics”. With the theory of systems science and the development of transportation system, several issues are discussed, such as the complexities of socio-economical and transportation systems, security technical problems on rail transit systems, freight transportation and logistics plan for a sustainable transportation system, the relationship between automobile and city development, the transportation evolution and several policies’ implementation in Beijing city, as well as the goal and task of the “12th five-year plan on transportation”. The forum also emphasizes that efforts should be made to explore the theory of integrated transportation systems to establish a suited management system and to prompt the eco-traffic and green logistics together with its guarantee systems. Related Articles | Metrics

Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System

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Definitions Concerned with Comprehensive Transportation System FANG Ran 2011, 11(6): 12-18.  Abstract ( )   PDF (311KB) ( )   In relevant newspapers, research reports and government’s files of China, the definition and concept on the comprehensive transportation system are not unified. It makes against the comprehensive transportation system development in China. This paper analyzes the relevant definitions and summarizes the characteristics of every transportation mode. It then puts forward some new definitions of the basic transportation mode, advanced transportation mode, integrated transportation mode and comprehensive transportation system. According to these definitions, the mode of integrated transportation equates to multimodal transportation and the advanced mode of transportation such as intermodal transportation is the core component of the comprehensive transportation system. Finally, the paper suggests that the Chinese word “综合运输” (integrated transportation mode) should be replaced by “多式联运” (multimodal transportation) to distinguish the integrated transportation mode and the comprehensive transportation system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impacts of Combined Optimization of Passenger and Freight Railway Networks on Industrial Transfer JIANG Yong-Lei, YANG Zhong-Zhen, WANG Lu 2011, 11(6): 19-24.  Abstract ( )   PDF (544KB) ( )   The passenger and freight networks of high-speed railway are combined in a model to analyze the impacts on the industrial transfer and the transportation patterns of the export freight. From the micro-perspective of firm’s choice behavior, the lowest total production cost of firms in the same industry and the related highest total QOL (quality of life) of labors are taken as the objectives of the bi-objective mixed integer planning model. Taking the Pan Pearl Delta as an example, the paper uses the bi-level genetic algorithm to solve the model. The result shows that the optimized networks are able to improve the transportation situation across the inland and coastal regions as well as promote an industry transfer from coastal to inland regions. A large amount of derived freight may probably choose other coastal ports except the Pan Pearl Delta linked by the Fiveschedule Train lines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DEA ModelBased Efficiency Analysis for Road Transport of China’s 31 Provinces DUAN Xin, CEN Yan-Qing, LU Ao-Qing 2011, 11(6): 25-29.  Abstract ( )   PDF (286KB) ( )   Transport efficiency is an important index for road transport service evaluatation. With the implementation of the sustainable strategy, China’s economic growth will undergo a transition from extensive to intensive one. It thus requires a more efficient road transport and optimized development mode. This paper proposes a road transport efficiency evaluation indicator system in terms of input and output. The integrated evaluation model is developed based on the DEA method to quantitatively measure the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency and scale efficiency. The case studies are based on the I-O cross-sectional data from 31 provinces of China. The results show that 1/2 of the those provinces is DEA valid, road transport efficiency have remarkable differences among various areas; 2/3 of those provinces’ scales effect is degressive or unchanging; the only factor input is useless to promote transport efficiency; excessive resource input and low factor-utility are main factors resulting in low transport efficiency. In the last section, the paper discusses a suitable development mode concerning critical issues for road transport development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety Evaluation on Marine Energy Transport Channel Based on Projection Pursuit ZHAO Xu, GAO Jian-Bin, LIN Wei 2011, 11(6): 30-37.  Abstract ( )   PDF (387KB) ( )   The safety system of the marine energy transportation channel is a chain system influenced by the activities of marine transportation, which covers port security, marine channel security, throat security and other relevant factors. There exist certain possible problems in China’s marine energy transportation system due to the high import dependence and the complex situation of the region. Therefore, this paper establishes a safety evaluation system for marine energy transportation channel based on the complex system theory in consideration of economic, political, military, diplomatic, natural and other factors. With the projection pursuit method, the nonlinear high data problem is solved for marine energy transportation channel. As per case analysis, 41 related sea areas are evaluated in terms of the general status, emergency status and wartime status by the RAGA. The evaluation results illustrate the effectiveness of the project pursuit method applied to the safety evaluation of marine energy transportation channel system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology

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Synergistic Development of Beijing Urban Road Traffic System LI Bao-Wen, AI Shu-Lin 2011, 11(6): 38-44.  Abstract ( )   PDF (421KB) ( )   The boosting of urbanization process in Beijing, as well as the increasing vehicle ownership and traffic demands, have brought serious traffic problems and related issues such as excessive energy consumption, exhaust emissions and noise pollution. The low traffic economic efficiency directly impacts the coordinated development of the city. The traditional roadstyle development model can no longer meet the needs of urban development. While the intelligent transportation technology and intelligent management are proven to be effective ways to improve the urban road traffic system on the synergistic development. Based on the largescale system theory, grey system model and the coordinated development principle, the paper explores the synergistic development of road traffic system and socioeconomic system, energy system as well as environment system. It then investigates road traffic system’s internal synchronous development capability by the GM model and analyzes the current situation of Beijing road traffic system. The results provide reference for optimizing the development of Beijing urban road traffic structure and promoting construction of intelligent transportation system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reliability Modeling and Simulation of Signalized Intersections LV Bin , NIU Hui-Min 2011, 11(6): 45-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (333KB) ( )   With the stochastic characteristics analysis of traffic flow at a signalized intersection, the definition of phase clearance reliability is introduced to optimize and evaluate the status of traffic flow. Based on the probability theory and the Gaussian elimination method, the quantitative relationship is explored among phase clearance reliability, cycle length and green time. Then a calculation formula of the phase clearance reliability is deduced from the stochastic of traffic flow that obeys the normal distribution and negative exponential distribution. A simulation example of a twophase signalized intersection is presented at the final section. The results indicate that the cycle length usually increases with the variance of arrival rate, and more green time is needed for the phase with larger variance of arrival rate. The randomness of arrival rate has a significant effect on cycle length and green time, and the phase clearance reliability can be used to design and evaluate the traffic signal settings. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Automatic Flight Simulation for Validation of PBN Flight Procedures MA Shi-Dong, HE Yun-Cheng, CHANG Fu-Rong, WANG Zhong 2011, 11(6): 51-57.  Abstract ( )   PDF (360KB) ( )   Aircraft automatic flight along waypoints can greatly reduce the pilot workload. In this paper, the realization of navigation and control system for automatic flight along waypoints is researched. The aerodynamic model, six degreeoffreedom dynamics and kinematics models are designed, and a realtime calculation of the models is achieved in its applications by SIMULINK. With the navigation system, an innerouter loop control scheme is proposed, the outer loop focuses on waypoint navigation, and the inner loop is used for aircraft attitude control. Besides, a trajectory error controller is developed. According to its scheme, the implementation of navigation system is realized. Simulations are carried out and the results show automatic flight along waypoints is conducted with stable, accurate following the flight procedure instructions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intelligent Video Facial Recognition Technology Based on Features Fusion for Rail Transportation SHEN Hai-Yan, SHI Hong, FENG Yun-Mei 2011, 11(6): 58-61.  Abstract ( )   PDF (281KB) ( )   Considering the features of passenger flow and application requirements of rail transportation, this paper focuses on the global features extraction. It explores the upper features extracting and the Tzone features extracting based on detailed description of image preprocessing technology, facial space establishment and eigenface recognition method. The recognition method based on global features is the identification by extracting the overall facial shape features which is easily affected by expressions, poses, and shades. The recognition method based on the upper features and the Tzone features is proved to be superior to the recognition method based on global features in terms of solving problems of impressions and shades. They are summed according to their own weight. Therefore, the paper proposes a facial recognition method based on features fusion. Pilot application of the proposed method at some stations on BeijingShanghai high speed line proves that this method effectively improves the facial recognition accuracy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Capacity Research on Shared ThroughRight Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections ZONG Er-Kai, SHAO Chang-Qiao 2011, 11(6): 62-67.  Abstract ( )   PDF (260KB) ( )   In view of the insufficient researches on shared throughright turn lanes capacity at signalized intersections in China, the paper investigates the traffic operation of shared throughright turn lanes and analyzes the traffic characteristics. Based on the measured data, the saturation headway of vehicle for different shift is analyzed using the Ttest statistical method. that the results show that a significant difference between the saturation headway of through and rightturn vehicles are existed. Then, a theoretic model for throughright turn lanes capacity is developed by saturation flow rate correction theory and probability methods. This study provide a theoretical basis for planning, design, transformation, traffic organization, signal timing, operations evaluation and lane setting at signalized intersections. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Timeheadway Distribution Features on Urban Freeway YUAN Kai, GUAN Wei 2011, 11(6): 68-73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1376KB) ( )   Based on the analysis of single-vehicle data collected in Beijing 2nd ring of urban freeway, the statistical features of timeheadway distribution at different velocities are investigated in this paper, and the timeheadway distributions under different velocities are fitted well with the model. In the model, the parameters corresponding to velocity is estimated to obtain the recommended timeheadway, the average time-headway and the standard deviation. Considering the empirical time-headway distribution features, the recommended timeheadways on urban freeway at different velocities are discussed quantitatively and qualitatively, and the result is different with the previous investigation works about highway traffic. In addition, the density-flow plane and the velocity-flow plane are plotted in a statistical meaning, then the effect of on/off-ramps on the traffic flow of lane 3 was analyzed, and the velocity thresholds of free flow and coherentmoving flow in different road structures are concluded. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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Estimation of Travel Time Reliability for Freeways Using Mean and Standard Deviation of Travel Time AREZOUMANDI Mahdi 2011, 11(6): 74-84.  Abstract ( )   PDF (373KB) ( )   Variable speed limit (VSL) signs are in use across Interstate 255/270 (I-270/I-255) in St. Louis County, Missouri, varying the speed limit in real time during peak periods to reduce congestion. This paper evaluates the effects of the VSL system on travel time distribution and travel time reliability. Several distributions, including gamma, largest extreme value, log-logistic, log-normal, and Weibull, were fitted to the 24-hour travel time data to determine which provides the best fit for post-VSL conditions. Log-normal distribution provided the best. This paper also proposes a new method to estimate the 95th percentile of travel time, one of the most important factors for travel time reliability, using the mean and standard deviation of travel time. Parametric and nonparametric statistical tests were performed to validate this method using 36 field data sets from four congested segments of I-270/I-255. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Gene Expression Programming Algorithm for Highway Construction Cost Prediction Problems LU Yi, LUO Xiang-Yun, ZHANG Huan 2011, 11(6): 85-92.  Abstract ( )   PDF (809KB) ( )   The gene expression programming as the new artificially intelligent and mathematic modelling method has strong function discovery ability and high search efficiency. In view of characteristic of the highway construction cost forecasting and insufficiency of the existing forecasting model, highway construction cost forecasting model is constructed based on the GEP. Then, 11 highway engineering characteristic factors is determined according to the composition of building cost of projects. 15 groups of highway engineering data makes the training sample and the confirmation sample. In the premise of configured the constitute elements of GEP algorithm, it is expressed by the Visual Basic program to solve the highway engineering construction cost forecasting model. The sensitive analysis demonstrates the model’s feasibility, and the comparison chart and four target value evaluate the model. The result indicates the trend is consistent with the project practice, the predicted value and the actual value’s relative error ≤5.9%, satisfies the forecasting precision (≤10%) and the forecasting precision is high, this model has the application value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Braking Performances of Urban Rail Trains LIU Hai-Dong, SU Mei, PENG Hong-Qin, ZHANG Zeng-Yong, XING Hai-Long 2011, 11(6): 93-97.  Abstract ( )   PDF (256KB) ( )   In the line design and operation management of urban rail transit, braking performance of trains is a complicated but important part. This study analyzes the braking performances of urban rail trains by case analysis of gradients of rail lines, weights of trains, utilization ratios of braking force, speeds of trains at their initial brakes. Countermeasures to improve the braking effect are proposed accordingly. Through computation and result analysis, the influences form the factors are identified, namely, gradients of rail lines, weights of trains, utilization ratios of braking force, speeds of trains at their initial brakes. The study results are able to improve the work of designing urban rail lines, choices of technical parameters of trains, layouts of signals and speed limits of rail lines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A TwoDimensional BML Model of Traffic Flow Considering Overpass Configuration DING Jian-Xun, WANG Ni-Shang, SHI Qin 2011, 11(6): 98-103.  Abstract ( )   PDF (659KB) ( )   Considering the widely existed grade separations in the twodimensional urban road network, this paper incorporates some overpass configurations into the classic BihamMiddletonLevine (BML) model, which has not yet been fully investigated. With the change of the overpass’s quantity and its configuration, the effect of overpass on the network performance is discussed based on the extended BML model. Using the numerical simulation, it is found that overpass newly built but without deliberate and reasonable plan, could only aggravate the existing congestion conditions, if the overpass ratio is low. Furthermore, the configurations of grouped overpass, which could reflect the realistic characteristics of overpass distribution in the road network, such as squared and loop shaped configurations, are incorporated into the network. It is found that the squared configuration would bring positive effects on the network flow, while loopshaped configuration bring negative effects on the network flow under certain conditions. The simulation results overthrow the conventional perception and have the extensive applicability and practical significance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determining the Efficient Paths Based on Effect Degree YANG Xin-Feng, LIU Lan-Fen, LI Yin-Zhen, HE Rui-Chun 2011, 11(6): 104-110.  Abstract ( )   PDF (437KB) ( )   Traffic assignment is a key step of urban traffic planning, and efficient path set significantly affects stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) traffic assignment. Thereby, the main allocation algorithms of the Logit model are analyzed and some disadvantages of them are point out. The conception of efficient path set should consider the paths character and traffic demand. Thus, the conception of path effect degree is defined according to the degree of one path affecting traffic volumes on other paths, and the conception of efficient path set is proposed considering the traffic demand. Moreover, efficient path set searching method is designed by combining the improved Dial algorithm. At last, a numerical example is given and the results verify the efficiency of efficient path set conception. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multiperiod Bilevel Programming Model for Regional Comprehensive Transport Network Design with Uncertain Demand SUN Qiang, WANG Qing-Yun, GAO Yong-Ling 2011, 11(6): 111-116.  Abstract ( )   PDF (455KB) ( )   By exploring the multistage network design problem of comprehensive transport, the paper proposes a bilevel programming model with uncertain demand. The upper level problem is to maximize the consumer surplus of all demand scenarios with budget constraint. While under the network investment decisions of the upper level problem, the lower level problem is to maximize the consumer surplus of every demand scenario with consideration of the collaborations of transportation modes, traffic load balancing and capacity constraints. Then, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Compared with the existing research, the proposed model can simultaneously optimize the final form of the comprehensive transport network and construction timing. The model considers all the annual coordination between transportation infrastructure construction and demand. It reflects the cooperation and balanced development of transportation modes, and makes the decision support more effective for the gradual improvement of the regional comprehensive transport network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluating Approach of Travel Time Reliability for Highway Network under Rain Environment WANG Jing, HE Jie, WU Lian 2011, 11(6): 117-123.  Abstract ( )   PDF (478KB) ( )   Rainfall always has a direct impact on the travel time reliability of the highway network. Taking into account the adverse driving conditions under rain environment, such as poor visibility and low friction coefficient, the improved model of free flow speed, capacity and demand is established based on the analysis of spatial distribution pattern of rainfall. Thus, the generalized road travel time function is proposed to elaborate these factors. With user optimal equilibrium assignment formula and the seriesparallel theory, the model to evaluate the travel time reliability of the road unit, path, OD pairs and network system is proposed by analyzing the network supply and demand levels. Then, the distribution of the rainfall on the highway network is simulated by the Matlab toolbox, and the model is solved with the Monte Carlo methods. Finally, a simple example illustrates the methods in the application to evaluate the travel time reliability of highway network under rain environment. The results indicate that the methods enable effectively identify the critical road sections with high sensitivity about travel time in the network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling Passenger Flow Distribution Based on Travel Time of Urban Rail Transit GAO Sheng-Guo, WU Zhong 2011, 11(6): 124-130.  Abstract ( )   PDF (560KB) ( )   Under the condition of urban rail transit network formation with “oneticket transfer” and investment diversification, the fare clearing center (FCC) needs to establish a fair and impartial mechanism to solve the problems of ticket fare clearing. A method is proposed to calculate the proportion of passengers on each path based on passenger traveling time distribution. According to the entry and exit time records in traffic system, the travel time distribution of all the passengers within a period of time can be obtained between each pair of origindestination (OD) and the proportion of passengers on each path in this period is also estimated. Numerical simulation method is used to generate travel time data in a pair of OD, and then the passenger proportion is computed based on these data. The simulation results show that it is accurate even with extremely small necessary timedifference between two paths. This dynamic method accurately reflects the actual distribution of passenger flow. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scheduling of Relocating Containers within a Bay in Container Yard　Based on Hybrid Dynamic Programming JIN Zhi-Hong, MAO Jun, LI Na 2011, 11(6): 131-136.  Abstract ( )   PDF (350KB) ( )   The container relocation is becoming a bottleneck which significantly restricts the operation efficiency of the whole container yard. It is also a difficult problem facing the container yard scheduling. On condition that both the current stock positions and the picking sequence of containers are given during the loading process, the container relocation scheduling is described as a dynamic shortest path problem, based upon the characteristics of the multiple phases of container relocating operations. According to the concept of parallel processing, the sequential recurrence algorithm is integrated with the inverted recurrence algorithm to solve the problem. The state space of dynamic planning is minimized by the embedded heuristic rules to select the optimal positions of the relocating containers. The optimization of container relocation scheduling is realized through avoidance of the secondary relocation for the same container and the minimization of total relocating times. The simulated numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed algorithm, which provides decision support for container relocation scheduling optimization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Path Optimization of Container Multimodal Transportation Based on Node Operation Randomness WANG Qing-Bin, HAN Zeng-Xia, JI Ming-Jun, LI Yan-Ming 2011, 11(6): 137-144.  Abstract ( )   PDF (411KB) ( )   In the system of container multimodal transportation, the way of inland transportation and path selection have significant impacts on doortodoor transportation. To rationally organize container multimodal transportation, a mixed integer programming model with time constraint is developed. Aiming at minimizing the total cost, the model considers the node operation randomness’ influences on the path and modes choice. Then, the optimal model is turned into a shortest path model with time constraint by chat transform. The numerical results show that the solved path is reasonable and operable in aspects of time and cost. It provides a useful tool for path choice of multimodal transport. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ground Control Methods of Aircraft Engine Faults PAN Wei-Jun, FENG Yu-Hua 2011, 11(6): 145-150.  Abstract ( )   PDF (326KB) ( )   The most vulnerable stage of major flight accidents is the takeoff, approach and landing near the airport control area, while the engine failure always makes the most severe impact on that. The paper models and analyzes the stress of aircraft engine faults at process of approaching. It dynamically calculates the attitude of aircrafts performance to educe the change of the trajectory and the angle. With calculation of the rolling distance with program, the contrast analysis is conducted on the performance of various aircrafts with rejected takeoff. It effectively assists the pilot in case of engine failure to ensure the safe operation of aircrafts, provides rescues for emergency time, and improves the rescue efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aircraft Scheduling Based on Constraint Programming ZHU Xing-Hui, ZHU Jin-Fu, GAO Qiang 2011, 11(6): 151-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (299KB) ( )   Aircraft scheduling is an important step in air transport planning and has a crucial impact on the regular operation and overall effectiveness of Airlines. Aircraft scheduling problem is usually described as a largescale integer programming problem and is also an important part in airline operation research. The model is a serious degradation NPhard problem. This paper develops a multitype aircraft scheduling model and proposes a dynamic column generation algorithm based on constraint programming to effectively solve the problem. It fast generates flight strings by constraint programming and calculates the reduced cost of each strings, dynamically selects column sets and iterates with the restriction master problem. Finally, field data from one airline’s trunk flight network in China are used to test and verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm, and the results show that the integrated model is more optimized than practical operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization Algorithm for Signoriented Identification System of Highspeed Railway Terminal LIANG Ying-Hui, ZHANG Xi, HAN Yan-Xin 2011, 11(6): 157-163.  Abstract ( )   PDF (344KB) ( )   The highspeed railway development proposes higher requirement for signoriented identification system of highspeed railway terminal. To offer passengers more convenient and efficient services, the paper designs the passengers guiding sign optimization system by intelligent optimization algorithms with consideration of the complex station locations and actual demand of operation and management. First, it proposes the passenger guides choice of location model with the goal of maxmum inductive information of a region. Second, it uses the annealgenetic algorithm to solve the model and find the superior stationing position. Finally, it studies the case of basement storey 1 in Beijing Southern Station. The obtained results are compared with that of the genetic algorithm to verify the feasibility and validity of annealgenetic algorithm. It has provides scientific basis for the optimization design of signoriented identification system of highspeed railway terminal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Capacity Optimization of LineDense BusStop by Queuing Theory SU Guo-Hui, WU Qun-Qi 2011, 11(6): 164-168.  Abstract ( )   PDF (262KB) ( )   Linedense bus station is key point of the urban bus planning and optimization. The service level of busstopstation with dense lines directly affects the overall performance of urban bus. As to the capacity issues of linedense bus station, this paper develops a capacity calculation model by the queuing theory and introduces the bus arrival rate, service desk number, the average time of passengers get on and off as the model parameters. Then, it optimizes the capacity of the bus station by parameter variation. The research provides a theoretical basis for berth and route capacity design of busstop. The model is applied to a bus station in Xian city to calculate and optimize the road capacity. The application results prove the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Indegree Statistics Shortest Path Algorithm Based on Probabilistic Search Delimitation JING Ming, DENG Wei 2011, 11(6): 169-174.  Abstract ( )   PDF (301KB) ( )   The classical Dijkstra shortest path algorithm which needs both lots of sorting operation and calculation of all points in the network is comparatively low efficient. In this paper, an indegree statistics shortest path algorithm based on probabilistic search delimitation is proposed for calculation of directed network. The algorithm adopts probabilistic search to obtain a relatively short path, and defines a resistance maximum related to label numbers of points according to the length of the path. It replaces traditional labeling calculation by indegree statistics calculation, and eliminates invalid points (points that are not included in the shortest path) in the network according to resistance maximum of points. The proposed algorithm does not include sorting operation, and simplifies the network by eliminating invalid points. A numerical example shows its advantages compared with the Dijkstra algorithm, the proposed algorithm improves the computational efficiency and has practical value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cases Analysis

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Empirical Study of Chinese Airline Network Structure Based on Complex Network Theory ZENG Xiao-Zhou, TANG Xiao-Xiao, JIANG Ke-Shen 2011, 11(6): 175-181.  Abstract ( )   PDF (522KB) ( )   An empirical study of Chinese domestic airline network structure is conducted by the complex network theory. The study shows that the present Chinese domestic airline network is a small-world network with degree distribution obeying a double power law. Compared with the network structure in 2005, its average mimimum path length and clustering coefficient decrease with the increases of node and average degree. The node throughput, distance strengths and degree correspond to the positive power law. The effect of degree on throughput is more significant than that on distance. The betweenness centrality and degree positively correlated with fluctuations. The degree-degree correlation of the present network is negative, which shows the nodes with large degree prefer to be connected to other nodes with small degree and the effect of throughput on connection between nodes is greater than the effect of distance. When the degree value is high, the clustering coefficient distribution on degree obviously follows power-law. It indicates that the group structure centering around airports with large degree has appeared in Chinese airline network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relativity Analysis on Traffic Accident and Precipitation of Jingjintang Expressway in G2 DOU Yi-Wen, DING De-Ping, LI Xun, ZHANG De-Shan, CHU Wei 2011, 11(6): 182-187.  Abstract ( )   PDF (544KB) ( )   The paper analyzes the data of Jingjintang expressway in G2 from March 2007 to February 2010, including the daily changes of the traffic accident on millions vehicles, traffic volume and meteorological elements. It further explores the relativity between traffic accident on millions vehicles (the number of traffic accidents/traffic volume) and the synchronous precipitation. The results show that the million traffic accidents peak of in one day appeared at 5 o’clock, and the average peak is up to 234 times in millions of vehicles. For year, spring, summer, autumn and winter, the average precipitation and synchronization million traffic accidents is observed to a positive second-degree parabola relation, namely, the number of one million traffic accidents rises with the precipitation increase. The statistical test also shows good relativity by (R>Rα = 0.01 and F> Fα = 0.01). The precipitation coefficient of 0.7386 to 0.8635 indicates that four seasons million traffic accidents associated with. the precipitation. The results provide reference for safety management of the Jingjintang expressway in G2. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Traffic Simulation Model on Route Planning CHEN Hsueh-heng 2011, 11(6): 188-192.  Abstract ( )   PDF (675KB) ( )   Taiwan Provincial Highway 2 is the only transportation corridor between Tamsui and Taipei. During rush hours and holidays, the huge traffic volume often leads to low level of service (LOS). Therefore, it is an important issue to improve the LOS of the transportation corridor. Traditionally, there are many ways of route planning, including the manual approach, system analysis, market analysis project, and mathematical approach. However, these methods to the transportation corridor between Tamsui and Taipei. For this reason, this study based on traffic engineering to develop alternatives of route planning, such as new feature roads, road widening and partial overhead. This study constructs network by traffic simulation model VISSIM and calculates average travel time under such alternatives of route planning. The results serve as a good follow-up for further study assessed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Capacity Comparison and Application for Typical Intersections in China and UK GUO Min, PENG De-Pin, WU Jian-Ping, WANG Tian-Jiao 2011, 11(6): 193-199.  Abstract ( )   PDF (416KB) ( )   To ease the everworsening transportation problems, to find an effective way to solve the problem of low road capacity, and to raise the road utilization, the paper compares the traffic status of China and UK in terms of the traffic capacity and saturation flow. The video data of 3 intersections of UK and 10 of Beijing of China are collected and the difference and reasons are explored between China and UK. Based on that, the paper quantitatively analyzes the green time loss and the capacity and saturation flow of signalized intersections affected by nonmotor vehicles. Comparative results show that: road utilization of China’s urban road intersections is lower than that of the UK by 10% to 20% because of the interference from nonmotor vehicles and pedestrians. It provides references for solving the problem of low road utilization of China’s urban road intersections. Finally, the case study on Guanyuan Bridge of Beijing verifies the scientific and applied significance of this research. References | Related Articles | Metrics