Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

Traffic Congestion in Large Cities

Zhang-Guo-Wu

2011, 11(5): 1.

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Since the automobiles’ largescale production in 1908, traffic congestion has become an increasingly serious and widely existed problem in large cities around the world. The 24th conference of “Traffic and Transportation Forum 7+1” focuses on the issue of “traffic congestion in large cities”. It explores the fundamental reasons behind traffic congestion and analyzes its relationship with city planning. The current measures on traffic congestion control are evaluated and the mistaken or immature views are pointed out and analyzed. And then, relevant suggestions for traffic congestion control are discussed. With the practice of Beijing, the conference presents the transport policy support from TPI and traffic performance analysis system, and investigates the core of traffic congestion control in large cities.

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Operation and Organization Management of High-speed Railway in Japan

SUN Qi-Peng, FENG Xue-Song, BIAN Kai

2011, 11(5): 11.

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Under the background of the rapid development of high-speed railway in China, the paper analyzes the world’s first operational highspeed railway—Japan Shinkansen to get a clear solution to the problems of the organization and management operations of high-speed railway. On the basis of actual operating data, the means and measures in organization and operational management of Japan Shinkansen are evaluated by horizontal and vertical comparison. And then, the paper makes the judgment to the related issues of the development of China’s high-speed railway. Some conclusions are made, such as, the development speed should not be too fast. The high-speed railway should be operated at the same railway station with the traditional railway with multiparking program train. The competitive advantage within 600 km should be extensively explored. And it is essential to conduct scientific fare adjustment mechanism and put the energy consumption and emissions in the first place. The research provides reference for high-speed railway sustained and healthy development in China.

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On Grading Multimodal Passenger Transport Hubs of China

QI Kai, ZHANG Xing-Chen

2011, 11(5): 17.

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Passenger transport hub evolves generally from single mode to multimodal hub. This paper focuses on the grading method for integrated passenger transport hub of China. First, the concept of integrated passenger transport hub is given. Based on the domestic and international existing grading methods for passenger transport hub, this paper proposes grading principles and methods for integrated passenger transport hub of China. The grading method is mainly considered based on the hub function orientation, capacity, and used land scale. Then, the new category and standards of integrated passenger transport hub is given. At last, the paper uses Beijing south railway station and Yingbin Road integrated passenger transport hub which lies in Karamay of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as the examples, the analyzing results Shows the feasibility of the proposed grading standards.

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Status Quo and Future Development of Shanghai Air Cargo Industry

TAO Xue-Zong, ZHANG Rong, WU Qin

2011, 11(5): 22.

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Air cargo industry has become a new growth point of Shanghai economy. It also plays an important role in China’s air cargo transport. This paper analyzes the air cargo industry status quo and future trends from the aspects of Shanghai airport, cargo facility, air cargo traffic (ACT) and its structure. Then it prospects Shanghai airport and its cargo facility’s future development. After that it completes the regression analysis and elastic analysis of air cargo traffic and total foreign trade value (TFTV) with SPSS software. Based on this, it forecasts the future trend of air cargo traffic. The results show that Shanghai airport serves beyond the scope of Yangtze River Delta, air cargo traffic has significant imbalance and will grow to around 5.3 million tones with TFTV growth by the end of “twelfth fiveyear” period though slower than TFTV, and the airport cargo facilities can accommodate the air cargo industry development. Finally, some useful countermeasures for stimulating Shanghai air cargo industry are put forward.

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System Cost of a Freight Transport Corridor

SHAO Jun-Jie, LIU Hai-Dong, CHEN Shao-Kuan

2011, 11(5): 29.

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The paper analyzes the compositions and relationship of the internal and external costs of the freight transport corridor system. Based on case studies, a model is accordingly developed to explore the effect of the relationship between the system cost and transport volume and the interaction between the internal and external costs on the planning optimization transport volume of the corridor. It is found that because of the impact of the external cost, the social equilibrium transport volume determined by the system cost is smaller than the userexpected minimum transport volume determined by the user cost. With raising the ratio of external cost in the system cost, the difference between the social equilibrium transport volume and the userexpected minimum transport volume is increased. The results provide helps to the reasonable planning of fright transport corridors.

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Optimization and Coordination in Shipping Service Supply Chain Based on Freight Option

Lu-Yao, WANG Chuan-Xu

2011, 11(5): 35.

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With the influence of the global politics and economy, the international shipping freight rate fluctuates continually. And investors have actively seek financial hedging instruments to control the risk brought by the sharp rise of the freight. By introducing the conception of “freight option” and applying the financial derivatives to shipping service market, the paper proposes a shipper’s revenue optimization model, the optimization of shippers’ decision-making and supply chain’s decision-making in shipping service supply chain are studied, and coordination mechanism in the whole service supply chain is designed to optimize the integrated revenue. At last, the results are verified by a numerical example. The optimization revenue decision exists for shippers using financial hedging instruments, and the coordination makes the integrated revenue of the whole supply chain prevails over the total revenue under separately decision-making.

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Outlier Handover Location Correction of Mobile Probe

YUAN Yue-Ming, Guan-Wei

2011, 11(5): 42.

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In this paper, handover location technique is employed for positioning mobile probes. In view of low location accuracy of handover location technique, an outlier handover location correction approach was presented that solved the problem in two phases, travel speed correction of outlier handover link and outlier handover location reposition. In the first phase, a twolayer data fusion model based on the definition of bridge handover link was proposed for recalculating the travel speeds of outlier handover links. In the second phase, the problem of outlier handover location reposition was solved by genetic algorithm. Based on the empirical data, absolute errors of travel speeds of handover links determined by the corrected results are analyzed and compared with results without outlier handover location correction. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is feasible and effective, which can be used in the application of traffic information extraction.

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The Research of Information Integration and Application for Urban Rail Transit Emergency Management

WU Zhong, XIA Zhi-Jie

2011, 11(5): 48.

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To effectively support urban rail transit emergency management, this paper develops an information integration and application platform that integrates all the heterogeneous distributed incident data and can rapidly respond decision request according to different decision makers. First, the paper introduces the management and data process of urban rail transit emergency management. Then, it analyzes the structure and function of the information integration and application platform that consists of three major components. The first component is a highlevel data integration module based on the XML. The second component is a data mining module that selects different data mining methods according to differentiated service mechanism. The third component is decisionmaking module that based on the emergency decision model chain building method. The platform framework integrated from the three components can meet realtime decisionmaking and solve the problem of poor decisionmaking model fit based on integrating all the heterogeneous distributed incident data. Finally, a case is used to illustrate the proposed platform in detail.

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Design and Application of Vehicle Control Information System in Guangzhou Asian Games 2010

ZHANG Zi, LIN Xiao-Li

2011, 11(5): 55.

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The vehicle monitor and control is an important part of transportation organization in large sport evens. Several problems are placed such as monitoring vehicles operation and distribution with information technology, accurately collecting and recording vehicle scheduling data, and efficiently organizing vehicle operation. Under the background of Guangzhou Asian Games, the paper analyzes the vehicle managing organization and the demand for information scheduling. Then, it designs the vehicle control information system. The system logical structure, function structure and network structure are involved, and the operation flow is discussed. The application in Guangzhou Asian Games 2010 proved the efficiency of the system and feasibility to be popularized.

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Arterial Coordination Control Evaluation Based on Data Fusion

Yan-Chao, Lu-Shou-Feng

2011, 11(5): 61.

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The paper explores the real vehicle trajectory through data fusion method. First, it formulates a vehicle trajectory extraction model of video data based on the triangle similarity theory and image perspective theory. Then, based on analyzing the advantage and disadvantage of video data and GPS data, the paper puts forward a data fusion method in which the video data is used to identify the GPS data status. To solve the problem that some links are lack of video data, the paper presents characteristic speed method. With the real vehicle trajectory which is obtained via data fusion method, the performance of signal coordination strategy is evaluated online and the traditional evaluating method based on some assumed traffic parameters is improved.

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Application of Classical Transportation Methods for Solving Fuzzy Transportation Problems

KUMAR Amit, KAUR Amarpreet

2011, 11(5): 68.

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There are several methods, in the literature, for finding a fuzzy optimal solution to fully fuzzy transportation problems (transportation problems in which all the parameters are represented by fuzzy numbers). In this study, the shortcomings of some existing methods are pointed out, and to overcome these shortcomings, two new methods (based on fuzzy linear programming formulation and classical transportation methods) are proposed to find a fuzzy optimal solution to fuzzy transportation problems with a new representation of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. The advantages of the proposed methods over existing methods are discussed. Also, it is shown that it is better to use the proposed representation of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers instead of the existing representation of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers for finding a fuzzy optimal solution to fuzzy transportation problems. To illustrate the proposed methods, a fuzzy transportation problem (FTP) is solved using the proposed methods and the obtained results are discussed. The proposed methods are easy to understand and to apply for finding a fuzzy optimal solution to fuzzy transportation problems occurring in real-life situations.

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Urban Traffic State Estimation Considering Resident Travel Characteristics and Road Network Capacity

JIA Shun-Ping, PENG Hong-Qin, LIU Shuang

2011, 11(5): 81.

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Urban traffic state is usually measured by vehicle average travel speed.It reflects the resident travel behavior on urban road network and changes with the actal matching status of traffic demand and supply.In this paper, the traffic supply is estimated by the ideal carrying capacity, and the traffic demand is evaluated by vehicle traffic intensity considering resident travel characteristics.In this way, the network capacity and traffic intensity are compared by equative unit.By introducing the intensity/capacity(volume/capacity) ratio, the matching degree between traffic demand and supply is then determined, and the traffic state is identified based on vehicle average travel spead.In the last section, the 2005 field data of Beijing city is used to test and verify the proposed method. 

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Research and Analysis on Causality and Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Urban Traffic Congestions——A Case Study on Shenzhen of China

SUN Jian, LIU Qiong, PENG Zhong-Ren

2011, 11(5): 86.

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Traffic congestion is a widely existed social economy problem in metropolitans, which brings huge cost to many cities and urban areas.The direct reasons for traffic congestion are the rapid increasing number of automobiles, and comparable insufficient of transportation facilities, however different cities and regions may have their particular characteristics.This paper investigated the inherent principles of spatial-temporal evolution of traffic congestion based on Shenzhen floating car data (FCD) and geosimulation platform.GIS technologies were used to match the congestion state along the road network, so that the evolution pattern of congestions could be analyzed.Moreover, a correlation algorithm was proposed to measure the similarity of congestion patterns between different links quantitatively, which assists to analyze and disclosure the principles of congestion evolution, and thus to provide guidelines for congestion mitigation.The algorithm can be implementated to integrate the surveilance of traffic congestion with urban planning and management, so as to improve the efficiency of entire transportation system.

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Airlines’ Optimization Decision of Slot Allocation in CDM

GAO Qiang, YAN Jun, ZHU Jin-Fu

2011, 11(5): 94.

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With the rapid development of civil aviation in China, increasingly serious irregular flights problem arise wide attention.Though the air transport systems are composed of air transport control, airlines and airports, solving the irregular flight problem is still depend upon air transport control at present.The paper presents the method of airlines freeassignment between flight and slot with collaborative decisionmaking mechanism.A flightslot assignment model is developed and an indexing heuristic arithmetic is designed.An empirical example proves that this method can reduce the total delay time and improve regular flight ratio.It also shows the importance of slot allocation decisions when the airlines is involved.

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Modeling and Simulation of Rail Transit Pedestrian Flow

DING Qing-Yan, WANG Xi-Fu, DAN Qing-Chao, ZHANG Xiu-Yuan

2011, 11(5): 99.

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The law and basic characteristics of rail transit pedestrian flow movement are closely related to rail transit construction and operation.Under the background of China’s large -scale rail transit construction and the expansion of operation ground, as a key factor, the safety and organization of mass and high-density pedestrian flow movement in rail transit has gained wide attention.This paper reports a novel excessive overlap avoided behavior rule model based on the existing social force model, through improving the driving force, attractiveness and direction influence in the model parameters, and rectangular scope was also introduced in model calculation to reduce the computing time.This paper examines the conditions for which the novel model can be beneficial to the human behavior reflection in terms of automatic drainage phenomenon appearance and the arch formed in the station of exit in rail transit pedestrian flow motion.Finally, this paper uses Visual C++6.0 to create the SubPeds pedestrian flow simulation experiment platform, by setting the one-way virtual pedestrian flow scenarios, it is shown that the model is simulated and simulation data is analyzed.The results shows that the novel model can be more accurately simulate pedestrian movement.

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Property Analysis of Urban Road Travel Time

LI Qiang, GE Qian, MIAO Li-Xin

2011, 11(5): 107.

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To estimate arterial link traffic condition based on probe vehicles, it is necessary to investigate the fluctuation characteristics of road travel time with traffic condition. On the basis of micro traffic simulation model, this paper analyzes the fluctuation of road travel time with traffic condition, and examines whether the mean travel time can reflect the variation of traffic conditions including free flow, congestion to traffic jam. As a conclusion, (1) mean link travel time can be used to identify free flow, congestion, and traffic jam; (2) mean link travel time divides congestion condition, but cannot subdivide free flow condition; (3) in the condition of congestion, travel time is distributed as a two-peak mode, and the average travel time is difficult to be estimated by small size sample.

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Train Control to Reduce Delays upon Service Disturbances at Railway Junctions

BAI Bin, HO Tin-kin, MAO Bao-Hua

2011, 11(5): 114.

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Train delay is one of the most important indexes to evaluate the service quality of the railway.Because of interactions among different trains, a delayed train may hinder subsequent trains scheduled on other lines at junction area.Trains may be forced to stop or decelerate, which consequently leads to the loss of runtime.This paper proposes a timesaving control method to recover the train delay as soon as possible.In the proposed method, golden section search is adopted to identify the optimal train speed at the time of signal upgrade in the conflicting area, which enables the train to depart from the conflicting area as soon as possible.A heuristic method is then developed to attain the train control scheme to realize the optimal train speed at the time of signal upgrade in the conflicting area.Simulation study indicates that the proposed method enables the train to across the conflicting area with smaller runtime and therefore leads to larger delay reduction, in comparison with the traditional maximum speed control method and the green wave control method.

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A Pavement Crack Image Dodging Algorithm Based on Beamlet Transform

吕Yan , Qu-Shi-Ru

2011, 11(5): 123.

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In this paper, the Beamlet transformbased algorithm is proposed to improve the reliability of the pavement crack detection under different illumination conditions.The algorithm divides the picture into blocks by the binary recursive method.The variety scales Beamlet is used to restore the crack, and thus the cracks are separated from the background picture.The interpolation function is used to dodge the background.In process of crack detection, this method filters the noise, and improves the accuracy of the extracted crack.Compared with the traditional edge detection algorithm, the proposed algorithm not only effectively restrains noise jamming but accurately detects the road crack, with fast computing speed.Uniform background lay the foundation for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of pavement crack image. 

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Optimization Settings for Transverse Passage Facilities of Expressway

LI Xia, YANG Shao-Wei, CUI Hong-Jun, REN Xi-Long

2011, 11(5): 129.

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Transverse passage facilities, especially the amount of the underpasses, always influences the average filling height of the whole expressway.Therefore, reasonable location of transverse passage facilities should not only ensure the reduction of the expressway embankment height but also meet the daily needs of the residents at both sides.Through analyzing the factors influencing the installation of transverse passage facilities, the paper develops the density models of transverse passage facilities respectively in view of the major functions of pedestrian overpass or underpass and traffic underpass or flyover.It further presents reasonable spacing and location alternatives in consideration of the longest tolerable detouring distance for residents.And then, it establishes the optimization model ro select the site of transverse passage facilities based on the principle of minimum synthetic detouring coefficient, and eventually determines the final location.In the end, the method is applied to the case of Hengshui-Daming Section on Daqing-Guangzhou Expressway, which is proved effective.

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Simulation of Hybrid Particle Swarm Algorithm for Optimizing Urban Compressed Natural Gas Station Arrangement

WU Fang, MA Chang-Xi, LI Zhi-Cheng

2011, 11(5): 134.

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Because of the high cost of building urban compressed natural gas (CNG) station, reasonable arrangement of CNG filling stations plays significant role.Considering the arrangement problem usually involves several complex factors, the paper develops an assignment model based on minimum travel cost and maximum enterprise economic benefit in view of the investor, user and urban planning.The improved hybrid particle swarm algorithm is also designed for solution.Simulation experiment results show the effectiveness of the algorithm in solving this kind of location arrangement problems.The quantity, type and location of the urban CNG station are determined.It thus enables the resource is reasonably and fully utilized, which may provide reference for planning the urban CNG station.

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Optimization of Aircraft Taxiing Time

DONG Ying, AN Ran

2011, 11(5): 141.

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The question of optimization for aircraft taxiing time is proposed to minimize the time spent in taxiing system, which can also improve the resource utilization and get good financial benefits by optimizing and distributing the resource.The airport system function composition is systematically illustrated.The airport ground system can be regarded as an airport network topology with nodes and arcs.The basic rules of the aircraft taxiing are presented and three kinds of possible taxi conflicts are discussed.The core of this study are the optimization model with the constraints of the safety separation, taxing rules and conflictfreeand an optimizing algorithm of airplane taxiway for arrival and departure flights.Taken Tianjin Binhai international airport as an example, the optimum result and the actual taxiing time are compared based on the field data, which shows the feasibility and the advantage of the model.

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Evaluation Method for Regional Transportation Integration Based on FAHP and Weighted Gray Relational Degree

DAN Fei, LI Xu-Hong, Zhang-Jun

2011, 11(5): 147.

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On the basis of decomposing the goal of regional transportation integration development, a comprehensive and applicable evaluation index system is established from both the qualitative and quantitative perspectives.In view of the insufficient statistical data of integrated transportation evaluation, the paper introduces the fuzzy AHP to determine the weights of evaluation indexes.Considering the importance of each subgoal, a Euclid and weighted gray relational degree evaluation model is developed in this paper.The composite model based on the FAHP determining weights and weighted average for the evaluation method, makes up the existing gaps and achieves the objective evaluation of regional transportation integration.The example shows that the combination evaluation method in this paper is more scientific and rigorous compared to the traditional evaluation method and it has strong applicability and operability.And the combination evaluation method could provide a theoretical support to improve the regional transportation integration evaluation.

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Prediction Model of Residents’ Trip Mode Based on PSO-SVM

XU Tie, GAO Lin-Jie, JING Peng, CHEN Dong-Qing

2011, 11(5): 155.

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Resident trip mode choice is a complex nonlinear problem which is affected by many factors.This paper models the resident trip mode with the support vector machine (SVM) method.It uses the classification accuracy as fitness function in the sense of cross validation and then adopts the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to select parameters.The choice randomness of specifying the parameters are avoided and the workload of the parameter selection are reduced.The empirical studies indicate that the PSO based parameters optimization in SVM is feasible.Compared with the BP neural network model, the SVM model achieves a better prediction performance for resident trip mode choice.The prediction accuracy of the SVM model is improved by 5% to BP neural network model.The SVM model obtains the forecasting accuracy rate of 86.20% to the model setting and 82.31% to the test samples.The empirical results show that the model can be used for resident trip mode forecasting and provides a practical guidance to urban traffic planning and travel demand forecasting.

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Resident Trip Survey Based on Working Area Stratification

GENG Li-Hua, YAN Ling, DONG Jie-Shuang

2011, 11(5): 162.

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The paper analyzes the relationships between the key indexes of the resident trip survey (RTS) and working area characteristics in terms of average trip times, trip mode structure and travel time.The corresponding correlations among them are identified, and the high sample representativeness is proven when the RTS is conducted with the stratification of working area characteristics.Based on the stratified sampling, a RTS approach is proposed and its sampling method is documented in detail.The formulas are developed to determine the total and stratified sampling rates.Taking the small town named Wanquan as an example, the formula parameter evaluation is discussed.The sampling rates of the RTS corresponding seven types of work area are obtained.The feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated, and the advantages over the traditional random sampling are presented. 

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Travel Choice Analysis by Bayesian Networks

XIANYU Jian-Chuan, JUAN Zhi-Cai, ZHU Tai-Ying

2011, 11(5): 167.

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In this paper, a Bayesian network was developed to investigate the mode choice decision and trip chaining behavior of commuters as two interrelated modules.The model was based on the K2 algorithm and Bayesian estimation method.The original model was pruned based on mutual information of finding variables for travel mode and trip chaining choice variables.A detailed sensitivity analysis report of the pruned network was provided for a quantitative evaluation of the influence of significant finding variables on the two travel behavior choices.The results provide useful insights into the effects of sociodemographics, activity and travel characteristics on commuters’ travel model and trip chaining propensity.This study also provides an important analysis tool for a comprehensive research of activity-travel pattern based on the influence factors and their interrelations mechanism.

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Network Characteristic Research of Urban Rapid Transit Based on Improvement of Space L

BI Xiao-Ying, CHEN Xue-Wu, Li-Zi-Mu

2011, 11(5): 173.

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Exploring the performance of urban rapid transit network has certain significance on its planning, construction and operation.This paper expands the research field of complex network theory from rail transit to the whole urban rapid transit.It proposes the Space S modeling approach to overcome the practical significance problems with the features and path selecting method in the Space L.Taking the Changzhou BRT as an example, the paper analyzes the whole performance of urban rapid transit respectively in Space P and Space L using the indexes as calculating degree, clustering coefficient, path length.By analyzing the branches’ effectiveness with FBCR(Financial Benefit-Cost Ratio), this paper presents a branches’ selection method.Through the robustness comparison between urban rapid transit network and bus transit, the importance of the integration of the two modes is thus proved.

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ImportancePerformance Analysis of Taxi Service Quality

YAO Zhi-Gang

2011, 11(5): 181.

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To identify the key points of taxi service management, a SERVPERF instrument including 22 items is proposed to measure the taxi service quality.Scales of importance and performance of all items are obtained in a passenger survey in Hangzhou, China.Confidence intervals of means of those importance and performance are calculated with interval estimation and a fourquadrant matrix of importanceperformance analysis is conducted.Five items of the priority task for taxi service management are obtained from 12 items at the 95% confidence level.The present study reveals that resources used for improving vehicle facilities and safety equipments should be reduced and be applied for vehicle interior cleanliness, driver’s refusal and detour, driver’s rude behaviors and service consciousness.The result indicates that the revised importanceperformance analysis with interval estimation is a reliable approach for measuring key factors of taxi service management.

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Regional Road Network Traffic Safety Risk Analysis and Control Strategies

SHEN Hong-Fei, JIA Li-Min

2011, 11(5): 187.

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Facing the challenges of road traffic safety management, the existing researches on traffic safety and risk analysis are mainly based on single factors, specific event settings and scenarios.There still lacks the proactive safety management oriented research in the whole network environment.Based on the clarification of the current regional safety characteristics and network management requirements, this paper puts forward a regional safety risk analysis framework containing three main processes, namely, risk identification, assessment and control, with respect to risk management.The key link and content of risk analysis and management under the regional network environment are defined and outlined.From the macroscopic policy, technology improvement and organization and coordination mechanism, this paper proposes a risk control strategy hierarchy including the control strategies at the macroscale, mesoscale and microscale levels respectively with the aim of reducing regional risk.It proves the possible transition from passive safety management to proactive management and provides technical measures for government safety management.

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Traffic Characteristics Analysis and Suggestions on School Bus Operation for Primary School Students in Beijing

YU Liu, LIU Ying

2011, 11(5): 193.

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Pupils’ travel to and from school is an important part of urban travel.With the accelerating process of urbanization and motorization, more and more families own cars, as well as the proportion of transporting students to and from school by private cars are gradually increased.Therefore, during the travel to and from school, the traffic congestion around schools is extremly serious, which brings about the safety issues of students travel to school, and the issues are increasingly prominent.In this paper, three primary schools in Beijing Zhongguancun area are chosen for study.And a large scale of thorough investigation is conducted by questionnaire, which surveys the students’ residence distribution, transportation structure, travel distance and parents’ views about taking the school bus, etc.Based on the analysis of the survey results, it can be found that, parents have a great demand for the opening of the school bus, and the regularization and safety of the school bus operation is the prime attractive reason for their choices.Finally, suggestions for school bus are proposed in terms of operational mode, route planning, legal protection, traffic management, and security publicity.

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Application Analysis of Drop and Pull Transport

XUE Liang, MA Jian-Xiao, YU Wei-

2011, 11(5): 200.

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Drop and pull transport service is a lowcost, environmentfriendly, highlyefficient transportation mode, which has been widely applied in most western developed countries.While in China, the development is still dragging.On the basis of various policies and measures in the development of the drop and pull transport promoted by China, the paper analyzes the existing transportation channels and equipments of one express corporations.Taking the location of second transfer station as well as the applied analysis of drop and pull transport in YueMin track line as an example, the paper presents the advantages of drop and pull transport on emission reduction and energy saving.It also analyzes the economic benefits according to the fixed cost, variable cost, and the social benefit from oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions to demonstrate that the advantages on emission reduction and energy saving and great economic and social benefits.

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