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25 August 2011, Volume 11 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Decision-making Forum
Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System
Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology
Systems Engineering Theory and Methods
Cases Analysis


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Decision-making Forum

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Discussions on Urban ITS Development with Internet of Things ZHANG Guo-Wu 2011, 11(4): 1-9.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1500KB) ( )   The internet of things (IOT) is a newly booming industry developed following computer industry, communication industry, and internet industry. The IOT-based intelligent transportation systems (ITS) effectively combines key technologies of both ITS and IOT into integrated transport systems, and thus forms a harmonious net consisting of human, vehicle, road, etc. The 23th conference of “Traffic and Transportation Forum 7+1” mainly focuses on “urban ITS development with internet of things”. It analyzes the current status and existing problems of urban intelligent transportation systems, and discusses its future development in the era of IOT. The conference also attempts to propose feasible framework and concept for IOT-based intelligent transportation systems, as well as its development schemes with reality. Related Articles | Metrics

Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System

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Collaboration of Air Transport and Integrated Transport Based on Network Properties ZHANG Li, CUI Peng 2011, 11(4): 10-15.  Abstract ( )   PDF (893KB) ( )   Air transport is an important component of national integrated transport systems. However, its network properties differ a lot from the integrated transport networks. Different from random networks of other transport modes, air transport network is hub-and-spoke structure with typical scale-free network characteristics. The transport quantity highly concentrated at hubs and main routes. Airport nodes are the important infrastructures in networks and potential efficiency bottlenecks. On the integrated transport channels, air and other transport modes play different roles in the nonoverlapping area of transport market and compete in the overlapping area. At the integrated transport hubs, they are linked up and collaborated. The airports as transport hubs are the key points in efficiency performance of integrated transport. They need other transport modes’ active linkup and collaboration to make the best use of advantages in high efficiency and high speed. Based on the property differences, the air transport hubs are necessarily to be optimized in linking up with other modes in the integrated transport systems to achieve satisfactory collaboration between the two kinds of transport networks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carrying Capacity Reliability of Railway Networks ZHENG Ya-Jing, ZHANG Xing-Chen, XU Bin, WANG Ling-Li 2011, 11(4): 16-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (727KB) ( )   The railway network carrying reliability refers to the carrying capacity meeting the OD demand which consciously changed with random and irresistible factors under prescribed conditions and stated time. Based on reviewing the domestic and international achievements of carrying capacity reliability research and analyzing the characteristics of railway transportation, the paper presents the definition of the carrying capacity reliability of railway network. Then, a model for railway network capacity calculation is developed and the approach for reliability determination is proposed. In the final section, a numerical experiment is conducted with different levels of OD demand. The result shows that the fluctuation of OD demand directly affects the carrying capacity of railway networks, and the effective control of fluctuation plays a positive role for good performances of railway networks. Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology

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Driver’s Visual Cognition Behaviors of Traffic Signs Based on Eye Movement Parameters LIU Bo-Hua, SUN Li-Shan, RONG Jian 2011, 11(4): 22-27.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1419KB) ( )   A dynamic visual cognition experiment was carried out in driving simulation barn with eye tracker to get drivers’ eye movement parameters when they were reading traffic signs with various information quantities at different speeds. The eye movement parameters include fixation number and duration. Driver’s visual area was divided into three areas using dynamic cluster method. Further analysis was conducted on the eye movement parameters of the three areas. Findings were discussed in this paper: the fixation distribution has a high correlation with driving speed and information quantity. As the driving speed and information quantity increased, the fixation number and duration in traffic sign area have an increasing trend and drivers have less visual cognition to front lane. When the guide signs have more than five amount of information, drivers’ fixation number and duration have an abrupt change and the effectiveness of visual cognition decreased significantly. It is recommended that the highway traffic guide sign information volume should not exceed 5. Under the same condition, the driver needs more fixation when recognizing non-guide signs and the visual cognition process is more complicated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism Analysis and Implementation Framework for TrafficSignal Control of Over-saturated Intersection Group LI Yan, GUO Xiu-Cheng, YANG Jie, LIU Ying, HE Shang-Lu 2011, 11(4): 28-34.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1560KB) ( )   For the purpose of improving traffic signal control at over-saturated intersection group, the traffic control targets and structure were optimized, and an implementation framework was proposed. After analyzing the congestion inducements, the maximum throughput and minimum average queue of critical route were selected as the optimization objectives.The critical route layer was added to optimize control structure. The implementation framework for signal timing plan optimization was also put forward considering the over-saturated traffic control characters. Detailed optimization measures for each layer were discussed. Simulations with the traffic data of an intersection group at Guangzhou Road in Nanjing were selected to compare the performance of dynamic timing plan using proposed strategyand static timing plan. The results indicated the proposed method can be used to optimize traffic signal control of over-saturated intersections group with satisfying robustness and reliability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Harmony Evaluation of ITS and Socioeconomic Development AN Shi, Wang- Yu, Wang- Jian 2011, 11(4): 35-40.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1000KB) ( )   The harmony level of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and socioeconomic development provides reference for ITS construction investment. As the ITS and socioeconomic development data are nonparametric, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) is introduced to assess the harmony level of ITS and socioeconomic development. Based on the characteristics of transportation system and socioeconomic system, the original index system framework is proposed to evaluate the harmony level of the two parts. In view of the requirements of DEA method and the collectability of related data, several key indices are selected from the original index system framework and a final assessment indicator system is established. The field data of Beijing city are used to validate the feasibility of the evaluation methodology and model. Validation results show the relationship of ITS and socioeconomic development in Beijing and provide some suggestions for improving ITS construction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Application of Transportation Information Equipment Operation Management with ITIL ZHANG Zi, LIN Xiao-Li 2011, 11(4): 41-45.  Abstract ( )   PDF (801KB) ( )   With the rapid development of information technology systems (ITS) in large and middle sized cities of China, managing transportation information equipments operation becomes an urgent problem. The paper presents the design and application of a ITIL-based management system. Four-layer system structure is used, including managed object layer, resource collection layer, data process layer and application layer. And the five-module system composition is designed, namely, operation service management, system monitor management, terminal repairing management, mobile communication processing and equipment monitor. The system is applied in the operation management of Guangzhou city, and covers main information systems of Guangzhou transportation management department. It is proved that the system is quite effective and can be popularized. Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Pedestrian Detection Based on Codebook Model in HSV Color Space LI Qi, SHAO Chun-Fu 2011, 11(4): 46-50.  Abstract ( )   PDF (870KB) ( )   Pedestrian video detection is increasingly important with the development of intelligent transportation. However, it is a challenging problem because pedestrians usually have unfixed shape, and are frequently influenced by several factors such as gesture, cloth, belongs, environment, etc. The pedestrian detection method presented in this paper is able to practice efficiently in actual traffic situation——a detection method based on codebook model in HSV color space. The codebook model is used to segment foreground and background in HSV color space. Then, the satisfied foreground is regarded as pedestrian with proper length-width ratio thresholds and area thresholds. Experiment results show that the presented method is effective and is able to be applied online. Related Articles | Metrics

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Realization of Key Technology of Metro Passenger InformationInquiry System ZHI Peng, SHI Tian-Yun, WANG Fu-Zhang, JIANG Qiu-Hua, YU Xin 2011, 11(4): 51-54.  Abstract ( )   PDF (551KB) ( )   With the present status of metro passenger information inquiry systems, the intelligentized, integrated and networking self-service inquiry system is designed based on mature technologies of computer, network, and database. The design and realization of the key technology of inquiry system is documented. The system key technologies are presented in terms of overall construction design, data interface, software system, hardware system and network system. The importance and feasibility of system key technology are verified by practical applications. The system also has a certain guiding significance and reference value to similar systems for future design, development and implementation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Analysis of Combination Transmission in Urban Rail Transit Signal System DING Shu-Kui 2011, 11(4): 55-60.  Abstract ( )   PDF (824KB) ( )   In this paper, the IEEE802.11 series-based WLAN transmission modes are proposed: space free wave and waveguide, which have been widely used in urban rail transit signal system. The engineering characteristics and technical features of these two modes are briefly introduced, and the WLAN radio frequency coverage and communication mechanism are deeply analyzed. Baesd on the implementation in subway lines Yizhuang and Changping, the wireless coverage of space free wave and waveguide combination transmission are documented, as well as the structure and working mode of train-ground communication system, the performance characteristics and distribution principle of the wireless AP. The calculation of the WLAN free space loss, signal accept strength and link system allowance are also presented. The development direction of WLAN in the signal system is proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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Effects of Item Nonresponses on the Performance of Travel Mode Choice Models for Developing Cities: A Comparative Analysis LI Gang, TENG Yuan-Zhang-Zheng, ZHANG Jun-Yi 2011, 11(4): 61-76.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2158KB) ( )   To enhance the quality of transportation planning and policy making, it is necessary to properly deal with the nonresponse issues in transport surveys. However, such nonresponse issues especially in developing countries have been ignored in literature. This paper first statistically identifies the missing patterns of item nonresponse (INR) in person trip survey data collected in developing cities and then analyzes the effects of INR on the performance of travel mode choice model (an aggregated multinomial logit model) based on expectation-maximization (EM) imputation method. As a case study, three developing cities representing three levels of INR are analyzed as follow. Firstly, the statistically significant social-economic attributes of trip makers and trip-context factors are identified with respect to INR in the missing pattern analysis by using Chi-Square test method. Secondly, EM imputation based on missing pattern analysis is applied to deal with missing data to obtain the unbiased data set as a benchmark. Thirdly, the null hypothesis that the model parameters estimated with and without imputation are equal is statistically tested using independent-sample T tests and further the internal validity performed in terms of R-squared coefficients is used to identify the discrepancy of model predictions between with and without imputations. Finally, one critical indicator-value of travel time (VOTT) is evaluated considering the effects of missing data. The results confirm that the respondents and non-respondents are quite different in terms of the social-economic background in the developing cities and further show that not only the missing rates but also the missing patterns greatly affect the performance of mode choice model in terms of model parameters and the prediction ability. The calculation of VOTT reveals that the VOTT affected by INR tends to be overestimated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of Travel Time Values for Urban Public Transport Passengers Based on SP Survey CHEN Xu-Mei, LIU Qiao-Xian, DU Guang 2011, 11(4): 77-84.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1039KB) ( )   Quantitative study on the travel costs of urban transit passengers has great significance for scientifically evaluating social benefits of public transportation system. Analysis of travel time values is one of the most important parts of traveler’s travel cost estimation. According to the stated preference (SP) survey data for Beijing residents, factors that influence public transport values of travel time are analyzed and a Logit-based model is used. An improved SP survey based model is proposed, in which traveler’s income is introduced as a variable. The parameters estimating the travel time values under the trip purposes of work/business and leisure are calibrated. Then the values of travel time under different conditions in Beijing are obtained (i.e. different trip purposes and with/without transferring). The results indicate that the travel time values for work are generally higher than those for leisure. The waiting time values are higher than transferring time values and in-vehicle time values under any circumstances, and the waiting time values are higher with transferring than those without transferring. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling Correlation of Family Holiday Activities Based on Structural Equation Model ZHAO Xin, GUAN Hong-Zhi, GONG Li-Yuan 2011, 11(4): 85-90.  Abstract ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   Previous researches in activities-decision have more in-depth study in context of individuals, while less work has been done on household activity decisions. The structural equation model is applied to analyze the relationship of three household activity categories on holiday using data from 2009 Jinan travel survey. Six attributes were first chosen as exogenous variables for the structural equation model. Meanwhile, six activity characteristic indexes were selected as endogenous variables including activity duration time and activity times in three kinds of activity, hereby subsistence activity, maintenance activity and discretionary activity, respectively. Then, the paper attempted to discuss the correlation of all types of activities behavior through analyzing not only the influence of household economics and family members factors on activity but the correlation of holiday activities. The research shows that complex relationships among composition of the family, economic status, and activities-decision can be captured by the structural equation model structure. Specifically, the results show that flexibility of three categories activities will affect the activities of decision-making. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution of Regional Transport Structure Information Entropyand Its Dynamic Analysis YU Shi-Jun, LIU Ying-Shun, LIANG Xian-Deng 2011, 11(4): 91-96.  Abstract ( )   PDF (820KB) ( )   Because of the complex influencing factors, the research on transportation structure usually based on a simple combination of qualitative analysis and ratio-based relation, which lacks of objective quantitative evaluation. The paper applies the information entropy theory to quantitatively study the evolution and development law for regional transportation structure. First, the transport structure information entropy is proposed, and a balanced transportation structure and dominance indicators is proposed to measure the structure and evolution law. Based on that, the main driving-force factors are identified by principal component analysis with combination of gray relational method. The driving-force factors are: total investment in fixed assets, comprehensive factor and population. These may provide evidence for structural optimization of transportation decision-making theory. In the final section, Jiangsu province structural analysis is taken as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Conjoint Analysis Based Transit Service Quality Research LIU Jian-Rong, DENG Wei, ZHANG Bing 2011, 11(4): 97-102.  Abstract ( )   PDF (794KB) ( )   Transit quality service is an important factor that affects the bus split rate. This paper studies the passenger’s preference of the bus service with the conjoint analysis. Through the actual survey and data analysis, the utility values of the reliability, bus departure interval, walking time, etc. are measured. And the attributes’ weights are determined through the utility values. The results show that the bus reliability is passengers’ first concern, which is followed by in-bus environment, walking time and bus departure interval. And the station environment and the price weight low. Then the bus service quality in Nanjing was investigated based on the attributes. The results show that passengers’ evaluations about reliability, in-bus environment and bus departure interval in the peak period are much lower than that in the non-peak period. And their evaluation on reliability is very low. The peak period in-bus environment and bus departure interval also get bad evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Railway Section Signalling Layout Based onQuasi-Moving Block LIU Hai-Dong, MAO Bao-Hua, WANG Bao-Shan, DU Peng, DING Yong 2011, 11(4): 103-109.  Abstract ( )   PDF (897KB) ( )   With background of railway transportation pattern in China, the railway section signalling model is developed based on quasi-moving block. The model uses traction calculation and signalling layout principle and considers orbit code sequence, ocs mast position, and electrical sectioning position, etc. The heuristic simulation algorithm is designed for model solution. With the goal of the minimum signalling layout under the condition of quasi-moving block, the proposed algorithm automatically realizes the signaling layout. The railway section signalling system is established and a case analysis of signalling layout is conducted. The results showed that: compared with the actual signalling layout, the simulated amount of signalling layout was reduced by 4, which on average, 1 signal was reduced along 10 km lines. The total length of division track circuit was reduced by 8〖KG*8〗464 m, which on average, 227 m was reduced along 1 km lines. The developed system realizes the optimal layout of railway section signal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Microscopic Simulation of Arrival Passenger Evacuationin Large Scale Railway Station LI Ji-Tao, FU Jia, WANG Yu 2011, 11(4): 110-116.  Abstract ( )   PDF (967KB) ( )   Based on the space-time characteristics of arrival passenger mustering and evacuation in large scale railway station, the paper presents the simulation conceptual model on evacuation process of arrival passengers. The microscopic traffic behavior simulation model is developed by improving the classic social force model, and the passenger size and expected speed parameters of the model are analyzed and calculated. Through the simulation experiment in Dalian railway station, the time plots of passenger number in underpass and south exit are drawn, and the indexes of the 95% confidence interval of maximum passenger mustering, the peak time and the 95% confidence interval of arrival passenger transfer time are obtained. The band region and point region of potential safety hazard in railway station are also examined. The simulation results show that the model is reliable and practical. Related Articles | Metrics

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Capacity Research on Gate System of Container Terminal LIU Cui-Lian, JI Ming-Jun, YU Tiao-Lan, QIU Jie, GAO Ni 2011, 11(4): 117-123.  Abstract ( )   PDF (930KB) ( )   The terminal gate is always the only way which should be passed when container truck entering and exiting the container terminal. However, with the prosperity of container trade, gate system has been a bottleneck of container development. To improve the capacity and optimize the workflow of the gate system, a M/G/S/∞/∞/FCFS queuing system is investigated based on the current operation of the gate system. The efficiency of gate system is analyzed by the queuing theory, and the measures are presented to optimize the workflow of the terminal gate. The case studies prove that the service time is reduced and the efficiency is increased because of the improved workflow, the capacity of the whole terminal is thus improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Generation and Organization of Household Non-workActivity Stops XIAN Yu-Jian-Chuan, JUAN Zhi-Cai 2011, 11(4): 124-128.  Abstract ( )   PDF (682KB) ( )   Non-work activity and descendable trip demand is the key point of the trip demand management. Based on the resident trip survey data, the paper describes the generation and organization of non-work activity at the household level. The relationships between non-work activity and work activity, and non-work activity and travel are analyzed. The analysis involves two models: a binary Logit model of the propensity for households to participate in non-work activities is first estimated. And the fractional multinomial Logit model is used to analyze household’s allocation for non-work activity. Empirical results indicate that families with private cars, living around the city center and with high incomes have relatively high propensity to participate in non-work activities. With the increase of household non-work activities, the complex trip chains are the principle mode of non-work activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Railway Timetable Saturation Based on Capacity Calculation ZHANG Hong-Bin, DONG Bao-Tian 2011, 11(4): 129-134.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1114KB) ( )   In this paper, passenger dedicated line capacity is studied based on the timetable saturation, which is characterized as an integer programming model. To solve this problem, OD types are inserted one by one according to the OD bonus values from small to large. In each step, a random stop from all the stop types of the currently inserted OD type is selected and repeatedly iterated at each valuable inserting time. And the better saturation result can be obtained by combining all the iteration results. Finally, the .〖KG-*4〗net based timetable saturation application system is established, and the Wu-Guang passenger dedicated line timetable is used to verify the saturation method. Combined result and the best iteration result are compared to verify the combined optimization algorithm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Passing Stage Division of Bicycle Groups at Signalized Intersection YU Quan, SHI Li-Ping, LI Ning 2011, 11(4): 135-139.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1360KB) ( )   In China, managing mixed traffic flow consisting of mobile, bicycle, and pedestrians at signalized intersection is one of the key measures to ensure a good traffic operation. Focusing on the bicycle groups at signalized intersection, the video capture technology is used to collect their passing characters at two intersections respectively in Beijing and Tianjin city. Through the K-means cluster analysis method, three criterions are selected to divide the passing stage: the average speed, width and length of bicycle groups at the two signalized intersections. The passing stage can be divided into three stages: gradually spreading stage, the expanding stage, and the gradually shrinking stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-Term Traffic Flow Forecasting Based on Multi-Dimensional Parameters LIU Xiao-Ling, JIA Peng, WU Shan-Hua, YU Bin 2011, 11(4): 140-146.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2094KB) ( )   The traffic condition of urban roads is affected by multi-dimensional factors, such as time and space. To accurately predict the short-term traffic condition of urban roads, this paper analyzes these multi-dimensional temporal and spatial parameters and develops the short-term road traffic prediction models of different dimensions based on the support vector machine (SVM). Then, the GPS data of taxis in Guiyang is used to test the prediction accuracy of these proposed models and to analyze the impact of each temporal and spatial parameter on traffic condition. The results show higher prediction accuracy of the SVM model based on previous traffic flow of target segment and the traffic condition of downstream segment. To further analyze its performance, the results are compared with those of linear regression and ARMA models. The proposed SVM model is proven to be an effective tool for forecasting short-term traffic condition of urban roads. Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-Term Freeway Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Multiple Methods with Bayesian Network WANG Jian, DENG Wei, ZHAO Jin-Bao 2011, 11(4): 147-153.  Abstract ( )   PDF (979KB) ( )   Bayesian network is one of the most efficient models in the uncertain knowledge and reasoning field. A method based on Bayesian networks of combination mode is put forward to solve the problem of short-term traffic flow prediction. First, several basic prediction models are used to predict the traffic flow. The prediction results and the actual traffic flow are discretized by certain step length. Then, the parameters of the Bayesian network are updated by learning those data. Through combination of reasoning, every possible value of Posterior probability of each data generated by the results of every basic prediction model can be calculated. Then the largest value of Posterior probability would be the final result of combined prediction. The prediction of traffic flow in real road indicates that the prediction results by Bayesian network combination model are more accurate than single prediction model. It thus proves that the proposed model is applicable for the real condition. Related Articles | Metrics

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Kalman Filter-Based Short-Term Passenger Flow Forecasting on Bus Stop ZHANG Chun-Hui, Song- Rui, Sun- Yang 2011, 11(4): 154-159.  Abstract ( )   PDF (837KB) ( )   Short-term passenger flow forecasting on bus stop is an important base and technical support for decision-making on the intelligent bus dispatch system. A Kalman filter method is developed to forecast short-term passenger flow based on the characteristic analysis, and the solving algorism is presented. In the real bus line, a typical bus station with large and significantly changed passenger flow is chosen to be an example. The prediction method and the artificial neural network had been compared with the results, which show that the Kalman filter-based model is more accurate. The calculated average absolute error is 5.1771 and mean square error is 0.7961 using the Kalman filter and the average absolute error is 10.4770 and mean square error is 1.6724 using the artificial neural network, which indicates that the prediction error is small, and the method is meaningful in practical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Coordinated Scheduling Optimization for Public Transport Hub TIAN Qi-Hua, CHEN Yan-Yan 2011, 11(4): 160-165.  Abstract ( )   PDF (763KB) ( )   Considering the complex lines, large transfer volume, low transfer efficiency in the hub and the relevant characteristics of hub transfer, an optimal model for the hub site is established for a regional coordination scheduling. The effect of dwelling time change on vehicle arrival time is taken into account. The time in station is set to be a slack variable, and the vehicle meeting times in the region at the hub site is selected to be the objective function. The best vehicle departure time and dwelling time in station are determined by maximizing the objective function on the hub site, so that the overall transfer time and the transfer costs are minimized in regional hub site. As verified, the genetic algorithm for model solution increases the regional transfer efficiency and improves public transportation service. Related Articles | Metrics

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An Optimal Bus Headway Model Considering Traffic Congestion WANG Chao, XU Meng 2011, 11(4): 166-172.  Abstract ( )   PDF (827KB) ( )   The determination of bus headway is the base of bus operation planning. Reasonable bus schedules can optimize the operating costs of bus enterprises and well meet the passengers’ demand. In this paper, a bus headway model is developed considering the bus service level and the number of operating bus. The traditional model is improved by introducing the congestion coefficient and using the passenger mileage. An example shows that the headway calculation is more simple, and a balance between operating costs and passenger satisfactions are achieved because of the proposed model. The congestion coefficient significantly affects the bus headway determination and optimizes bus schedules. Related Articles | Metrics

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Airport Gate Assignment Based on Greedy Tabu Search Algorithm LI Jun-Hui, ZHU Jin-Fu, GAO Qiang 2011, 11(4): 173-179.  Abstract ( )   PDF (870KB) ( )   Airport gate assignment is one of the most important airport operating activities. A sensible assignment strategy is beneficial for improving the total operating efficiency of the airport and ensuring a high level of passengers’ satisfaction. It is also significant for reducing the ground costs of an airline. To get the maximum comprehensive efficiency of airlines, airports and passengers, this paper focuses on minimizing flight taxiing distance, idleness of gates and passenger walking distance. It formulates an airport gate assignment model and an solution algorithm based on the Greedy Tabu Search. This algorithm first generates an initial assignment solution with the greedy algorithm, and then finds the optimum with Tabu search. The correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are verified by the empirical study based on real data from one airport. As a result of this, the model and algorithm can be applied to flight gate assignment in the daily operation of large airports. Related Articles | Metrics

Cases Analysis

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Analysis of Pollutant Exposure of Pedestrian in Urban Street LIU Shuang, GUO Jin-Yi, CHEN Hai-Bo 2011, 11(4): 180-185.  Abstract ( )   PDF (871KB) ( )   As an important place of pedestrian activities, the air quality of urban street is closely related to the human health, and the effects of air pollutants on human health have a close contact with the actual level of exposure. According to the concept of exposure, the paper analyzes the process of the exhaust pollutants from vehicles to pedestrians and the influencing factors under the urban traffic environment, and compares the research method of the pollutants exposure at home and abroad. Combined with the distribution characteristics of pollutants concentration and the peak feature of traffic flow in urban street, the paper also discusses the level of pollutant exposure of pedestrian in different time on the basis of the data of pollutant emission in Leeds City. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application on the Split Technology of ExpresswayTolls Based on License Plate Recognition LAI Shu-Kun, QIU Huai, LIU Zhi-Li 2011, 11(4): 186-191.  Abstract ( )   PDF (751KB) ( )   With the expressway construction, the road users have more options when driving in the continuously enlarged network. Meanwhile, the pluralistic investment subjects also require the reasonable toll division. Because of these reasons, the problem of driving multi-path recognition is the urgent problem in the on-line toll and management of expressway. This paper analyzes the influencing facts of toll distribution in the network charging environment. An expressway tolls split model is developed based on license plate recognition, and its corresponding algorithm is designed. Then, this method is applied to split the tolls of Fujian expressway. The result shows that the method achieves more than 70% accurate split and less than 30% fuzzy split, which showa the feasibility of the proposed method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural Analysis of Pearl River Delta Passenger Transport Corridors CHENG Xian-Dong, LIANG Xiao, MAO Bao-Hua 2011, 11(4): 192-198.  Abstract ( )   PDF (993KB) ( )   Passenger transport corridor connects major cities and transport hubs, which is the material base of social and economic development. Based on topological structure and space form features of integrated transport network, this paper focuses on structure development of Pearl River Delta passenger transport corridors. The research reveals that railway is the most efficient mode, and road transport possesses the best robustness. The changing of passenger transport corridors results from the interaction between short-term existence effect and long-term existence effect. The coverage intensity of road and railway network are respectively 1.495 and 1.050. The development of railway network is relatively lagged behind other modes, which needs more efforts to strengthen. Moreover, transport network connectivity will increase three times after railway network extending, resulting high connectivity of cities. Meanwhile, standard entropy of railway transport network will get a 4.48%increase; network coverage of railway transport will increase by 36.19%, and the structure of passenger transport corridor will be improved significantly. Related Articles | Metrics