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26 August 2013, Volume 13 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System
Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology
Systems Engineering Theory and Methods
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Airport and Regional Economic Development ZHANG Guo-wu 2013, 13(4): 1-9.  Abstract ( )   PDF (494KB) ( )   Airport is an important integrated transportation hub, and is the economic growth engine for country and region. It has guidance and driving effect for the regional economic. To realize the harmonious development for airport and regional economic, urbanization, regional integrated has gradually become the attention subjects both in and out of the industries. Under this background, the 31st conference of “Traffic and Transportation Forum 7+1”discussed the driving effect of hub airport for airport industry, tourism, conference, business, logistic and other service industries, based on it supplied the safety and rapid aviation passenger and freight service. It also analyzed the accumulated development of electronic, automobile, medical and other high grade industries around airport, the important contribution of hub airport for improving urban traffic pattern, advancing industrial structure upgrading, changing economic growth mode. It is proposed the strategy and measure to intensify coordinated development for airport and regional economic. Related Articles | Metrics

Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System

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Relationship between Inland Ports Cluster of Tianjin Port and Regional Economy Based on DEA LV Jing, CHANG Zheng 2013, 13(4): 10-14.  Abstract ( )   PDF (370KB) ( )   To measure the relationship between inland ports cluster built by the port of Tianjin and regional economy, a model based on DEA is established with analysis of coordination mechanism between the two elements. The effectiveness assessments results show development of inland port and regional economy in Beijing are both effective. The regional economy in Baotou, Shijiazhuang and Dezhou, China are effective while corresponding inland ports are ineffective. The inland port development in Huinong is effective but local economy is ineffective; For Houma, development of inland port and economy are both ineffective, which indicates the inland ports are in different levels of development, the economy of hinterlands are quite unbalanced. The effectiveness evaluation of relationship shows inland ports and regional economy failed to achieve bilateral coordination, especially for Huinong and Houma, China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Dynamic Generalized Cost Based Logit Model for Passenger Corridors SUN Qi-peng, ZHU Lei, CHEN Bo 2013, 13(4): 15-22.  Abstract ( )   PDF (622KB) ( )   In order to scientifically compute the supply allocation of various transportation modes for passenger corridors, a dynamic generalized transportation cost based logit model is proposed according to the theory of random utility and discrete choice model. The model’s robustness and accuracy were verified via MATLAB programming using the ZhengzhouXi’an Passenger Corridor as a study case. The analysis result indicates that transportation construction cost changes with the share, which is influenced by travel time and the random perception coefficient. Compared with existing models, the changes of sharing rate and that of transportation construction costs in this paper are not in the same direction. For the dynamic changing of generalized transportation costs, the sharing rate calculated only by a static travel time and ticket price is unreliable. The model proposed in this paper cannot only meet the individual demands of travelers, but can also keep the sustainable operation of transportation. The sharing rates calculated by the model for the ZhengzhouXi’an Passenger Corridor are more reasonable than those calculated by traditional models. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Model and Optimization of Freight Station Locations in Generalpurpose Comprehensive Transportation Terminal LIN Feng 2013, 13(4): 23-28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (434KB) ( )   The generalpurpose integrated transportation hub which links up with multi-modal transport transit cargo flow is not only an important node in the national integrated transportation network system, but also a crucial part of the urban transportation network. The paper uses the ideas of seamless interchange, from the dynamic interactions between comprehensive transportation terminals and urban transportation network, which can ensure both a minimum user generalized cost and a maximum of social benefit in the system. The optimization model is thus proposed to determine the locations of freight stations in integrated transport hub. The model considers four modes of transport, and adds urban flow of goods as the fifth mode of transport, which enhances the model superiority. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the simulation example and the rationality of the model and the advantages are validated. Results show that the model is more consistent with the real conditions and it is one of the effective ways for optimizing the freight station location of the comprehensive transportation terminal. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction Sequence of Urban Rail Transit System Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory GUO Yan-yong, LIU Pan, WU Yao 2013, 13(4): 29-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (516KB) ( )   To determine the construction sequence of each line in the whole rail transit network, this paper establishes a influencing factors system of urban rail transit construction sequence and proposes a decisionmaking method of construction schedule based on the cumulative prospect theory. The [-1, 1] linear transformation operator is used to standardize the original decisionmaking matrix, and then, the positive and negative ideal scheme are obtained. The prospect value function is developed based on the cumulative prospect theory and grey correlation analysis. An optimization model aiming at maximizing the comprehensive prospects value is also developed. The optimal weight vector is solved and the construction sequence is determined. Finally, a case study of Xi’an rail transit is studied using the proposed method. The result shows that the construction sequence of Xi’an rail transit lines is consistent with the real situation, which implies that the proposed method provides theoretical guidance for urban rail transit construction sequence. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Profit Distribution for Logistics Park Cooperative Symbiotic System JIAO Wei, LIU Kai 2013, 13(4): 36-41.  Abstract ( )   PDF (381KB) ( )   The logistics park is an important node in the logistics system. It is necessary to reduce the cost and risk of its operation. In this way, the benefits from such synergy can be shared by stakeholders, particularly, the diverse third party logistics market is demanding. The operation of the logistic park usually begins with a simple competition mode but ends up with collaboration. This paper focuses on the method of distributing the benefits generated from the logistics park. The factors affecting the distribution of benefits are first analyzed. A negotiation model, based on the Nash’s negotiation model, is used together with a probability model (Shapley’s Value in game theory) to determine important parameters of successful cooperation in the model. The fusion of the two models can be further developed into a new benefit sharing model for Logistics Park, named the collaborative symbiotic benefits distribution model (CSBD). Finally, the CSBD is applied to specific cases and calibrated. The results show that the CSBD can effectively solve the complicated issue of the distribution of collaborative benefits of the stakeholders. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology

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A Taxi Dispatch System Considering Urban Traffic Congestion YAO Zhong-min, LONG Zhao-peng, LI Qiang 2013, 13(4): 42-46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (514KB) ( )   In the current taxi dispatch system, taxi may need to pass the congested area of the city, which delayed its arrival to the passengers. This paper analyzes taxi scheduling based on urban road traffic status. The loss equation through the traffic area of taxi is developed with the road traffic information automatically uploaded by taxies. Considering the distance data among different intersections, the paper adopts the Dijkstra algorithm to obtain optimal scheduling path. Simulation results show the scheduling, routes and time to avoid congested areas by different unit additional loss (β) values. Finally, compared with the traffic scheduling system without considering congestions, the proposed system is able to design reasonable taxi routs to avoid severe congested areas by setting appropriate β value and severity analysis of traffic congestion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimating Smart Card Commuters Origin Destination Distribution Based on APTS Data CHEN Jun, YANG Dong-yuan 2013, 13(4): 47-53.  Abstract ( )   PDF (788KB) ( )   Increasing the proportion of commuters travelling by public transportation can effectively ease urban traffic congestion. This paper addresses the application of Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS）data to analyze transit commuters travel demand. This study involved collection of APTS data and boarding stops information by combining smart card data and intelligent dispatching data. Transit commuters were judged according to travel frequency of morning and evening traffic peaks. The residences and work places were identified by spatialtemporal characteristics of commuters travel. Based on this idea, an estimation algorithm was proposed. The algorithm was tested and analyzed using largescale APTS data. Finally, the method's accuracy was analyzed by comparison with the“Tripchain” method. The proposed method provides some advantages including, high accuracy and strong operability. The study provides a fast and economic new approach to acquiring transit commuters OriginDestination (OD) distribution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Signal Timing Method for Pedestrian at Intersection LIANG Chun-yan, WU Li-xin, FENG Tian-jun 2013, 13(4): 54-58.  Abstract ( )   PDF (386KB) ( )   To improve the operational efficiency and safety of the intersections, the signal timing method for pedestrian is studied based on the vehiclepedestrian conflict analysis. From the view of overlap phase, the early end of green time for pedestrian traffic flow is measured at twophase signal intersection. The early start of green time for pedestrian traffic flow is calculated at fourphase signal intersection according to the diverse phase sequence. From the point of taking pedestrian volume as the basement, the critical value is determined and then the signal timing parameters are computed. The intersections in Changchun city of China is taken as an example for verification. The results show that the efficiency of the pedestrian traffic increases greatly and the vehiclepedestrian conflicts can be lessened and avoided. The overall safety and operational efficiency of the intersection is improved through the signal timing method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D Scenery Generation Method for Railway Driving Simulation WANG Bao-shan, DING Yong, LIU Hai-dong 2013, 13(4): 59-65.  Abstract ( )   PDF (549KB) ( )   Based on the data of driving simulation section in railway system, three-dimensional (3D) scene is generated in real time during the process of railway simulation. According to the basic knowledge of plane geometry, solid geometry, and the formula of plane geometry, a calculation formula is proposed to solve the spatial location of line and circular curve in 3D space. Another formula is also proposed to calculate the vertex coordinate of vertical section using railway track’s centre line as a benchmark. The ramp and curve are recombined and the spatial location of railway track’s centre line is then calculated based on the line unit. In view of the vertical section of railway line and facility, the vertex coordinate of vertical section and the required elements of 3D space can be obtained on the basis of spatial location of railway track’s centre line. The spatial location of the train is determined considering train running status. Driving scene is obtained after 3D translational motion and rotary motion to railway line. The applications show that 3D virtual display can restore the real scene and the frame frequency is 25 fps, which meets the requirements of the true and real time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Time Headway Distribution on Downstream Section of Signalized Intersection LI Ai-zeng, SONG Xiang-hong, MA Zhi-bo, LIU Jin-yang, ZHANG Dong-yang 2013, 13(4): 66-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (637KB) ( )   The time headway distribution is a vital foundation for the work of traffic control, capacity calculation, traffic safety analysis, etc. In this paper, the traffic investigation equipment NC200 and MC5600 are utilized to obtain the time headway data of different road section and different lanes on the downstream section of signalized intersection. The method of chi square test is adopted to analyze the time headway distribution, and obtains the characters of different road section and different lanes in the peak period and the normal period. The results indicate that with the time elapsing from the peak to normal period and the vehicles moving from the intersection to downstream section, the time headway distribution on the lanes are transformed between the shifted negative exponential distribution and M3 distribution. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Perceived Traffic Information Value Based on Regret Theory YAN Zhen-zhen, LIU Kai, WANG Xiao-guang 2013, 13(4): 76-83.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3770KB) ( )   Considering the differences of expected regrets with and without traveler information, this paper proposes explores the perceived value of traffic information, which plays a crucial role to assist commuters to make better route choices under risk averse decision pattern. It analyzes a wide range of uncertain factors during route choices, and then measures the improved traffic cognition with traffic information obtained, in which the Bayesian updating method is adopted. A scenario with two routes under different combinative road conditions is used to illustrate the perceived value of traffic information. The commuters’ familiar degrees of the two routes are assumed to be 90%, and the reliability of traffic information is set to be constant 95%. The simulation results indicate that the proposed model can comprehensively depict the changes of traveler’s route choice behavior and the perceived traffic information values under different combinative route conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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OD Matrices Network Estimation from Link Counts by Neural Networks MUSSONE Lorenzo, MATTEUCCI Matteo 2013, 13(4): 84-93.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3901KB) ( )   This paper attempts to deal with traffic Origin Destination (OD) matrix estimation starting from the measurements of flow on road network links. It proposes a different approach from published articles to date, by applying multilayer feedforward neural networks. Since the relationship between link flow and the related OD matrix is continuous, it is possible to use the well known approximation property of Neural Network models. The method is proposed for a realtime correction of the OD matrix. Two application scenarios were developed: a trial network and an actual rural network were both simulated by a microsimulator that assigns known OD matrices. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was used to reduce the amount of variables and to achieve improved significance for input data. The estimated error was relatively low and, as opposed to analytical approaches, the processing time was almost in real time, making this approach suitable for applications in dynamic traffic management. Comparisons with results obtained by an OD estimation commercial program show better performance in the NN approach both as regards error and computing time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Neural Network Model for Expressway Investment Risk Evaluation and its Application WANG Zuo-gong, LI Hui-yang，JIA Yuan-hua 2013, 13(4): 94-99.  Abstract ( )   PDF (556KB) ( )   Investment risk evaluation of expressways plays a significant role in the sustainable development of expressways. A consideration of the inconsistency between operation accuracy and operation efficiency of the traditional quasi3layer BP neural network evaluation model is first established. This paper proposes and designs a variablestructure neural network model in the random relinking process from the input layer neurons to the hidden layer neurons. Then, the model acquires the hidden layer to the output layer from the angle of structural optimization. Secondly, in view of the characteristics of the Chinese expressway investment, this paper develops an expressway project investment risk evaluation index system. Furthermore, a design of the expressway project investment risk evaluation model is completed based on the variablestructure neural network of the relinking random process. In addition, the model has been verified with ten Chinese expressway projects. The risk evaluations have been conducted for four of the ten expressway projects. The research result shows that the average relative error predicted with such model is 1.91% and the maximum relative error is 2.63%.Therefore, the prediction result is deemed suitable. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Paired Combinatorial Logit Route Choice Model with ProbitBased Equivalent Impedance LI Jun, LAI Xin-jun, YU Zhi 2013, 13(4): 100-105.  Abstract ( )   PDF (737KB) ( )   An improved paired combinatorial Logit route choice model with Probit-based equivalent route impedance is proposed to simplify the calculation and resolve the homoscedasticity problem of the Logit model. The model comprises a twolevel structure: the lower level employs a binary Probit choice model to address the problem of route overlapping. Clark’s approximation for normal distribution is employed to compute the equivalent impendence for each route pair in the upper level. The homoscedasticity problem is resolved through the introduction of the normal distribution. The upper level is a classical multinomial Logit model with relative impedance that reduces the defect of variancehomogeneity in the upper level. The probability of route selection is determined by marginal and conditional probabilities. The proposed model combines the advantages of both Probit and Logit models with closeform formulations, which can be easily calculated. Two numerical tests, which were performed on the wellknown examples, indicate that the proposed model produces more reasonable and stable results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Bi-level Programming Model for Uncertain Regional Bus Scheduling Problems WEI Ming, SUN Bo, JIN Wen-zhou 2013, 13(4): 106-113.  Abstract ( )   PDF (437KB) ( )   Regional bus scheduling is the future trend in public transportation which deals with allocating trips belonged to several routes to buses located at different depots to reduce the size of bus fleets and operating costs. Considering many emergency events which may affect ontime vehicle arrivals, a bilevel programming model is applied to address the relationship between bus scheduling and its procurement scheme from an overall perspective. The model takes into consideration several constraints such as depot capacities, fueling, and emissions of polluting gases. Solutions to different situations of the upper and lower model are obtained by using a genetic algorithm. Based on some established criteria for a satisfactory solution, the lower solutions meeting the established criteria are generated for the upper model. Thereby, the best lower and the corresponding upper solutions are generated. Finally, an example is illustrated to prove the accuracy and effectiveness of our model and its algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fuzzy Evaluation Model of Urban Road Traffic Capacity of Anticongestion LIU Xin-min, LI Zhi-peng, DING Li-li,YAN Chun 2013, 13(4): 114-119.  Abstract ( )   PDF (484KB) ( )   This paper identifies and categorizes the causes of traffic congestion through the factor analysis method and SPSS. It is beneficial for locating the ability of congestion resistance of road traffic, and providing a reference to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. With the largescale sample data, the study starts from analyzing influencing factors of the anticongestion ability, The index system consisting of 3level indicators is teased, which also includes four kinds of capacity and eight indicators of resistance to traffic congestion. Then, using vague set of fuzzy judge ideology and hierarchy entropy analysis method, the paper formulates the fuzzy evaluation model of urban road traffic capacity of anticongestion. The results show that as the new macro indicators, the traffic socialization concept plays an increasingly important role in assessing the anticongestion ability. The causes of the poor status of the anticongestion ability are also analyzed for seven districts in Qingdao, China, and the feasibility of the vague fuzzy evaluation results are also illustrated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Civil Passenger Aircraft DOC Calculating Model Based on Constructed Virtual Aircraft-Type-Rank WANG Yu,SUN Hong,WANG Xiao-dong,ZHANG Pen-wen 2013, 13(4): 120-125.  Abstract ( )   PDF (973KB) ( )   To quantitatively reflect the interrelationship of direct operation cost with seat class and designed range for civil aircraft, this paper first uses the NASA 97 method to generate sample points of direct operating cost for various aircraft types over any mix of flying distance. Then, the functional form between direct operation cost of aircrafttyperank and flying distance is determined and the regression coefficient estimation is conducted. In addition, the paper analyzes the functional relationships between regressed coefficient estimation and seat class and designed range of the corresponding airplanes. It further proposes the functional form of direct operation cost for aircraft type rank. In the last section, the OLS method is used to estimate the function’s coefficients. Compared with the NASA 97 method, the results on 4 specific aircraft types generating 10 sample points show that the maximum relative error is 0.086, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Robustness Evaluation and Application of Structure of Coal Transportation Network QIAO Jin-suo, WANG Xi-fu, SHEN Xi-sheng, SHI Liang 2013, 13(4): 126-133.  Abstract ( )   PDF (779KB) ( )   Coal transportation network is a complex network including railway, highway, waterway and other transportation modes. It is in the dynamic and open environment and vulnerable to the uncertain factors. To effectively measure the ability of coal transportation network to resist destruction, and improve the structural robustness of coal transportation network, this paper defines the structural robustness of coal transportation network based on the characteristics of coal transportation network and analyzing the internal and external factors influencing structural robustness. It also establishes the evaluation index system of structural robustness of the coal transport network and takes Shanxi coal transportation network as an example for simulation analysis. The results indicate that the coal transportation network shows better robustness of mileage up and performance robustness for stochastic damage to the edge and attack in accordance with the degree. When the attacking nodes are random distributed or the nodes are attacked in accordance with the degrees, the changes of robustness in network structure entropy are not apparent. When attacking the network with repairing network with a certain probability at the same time, the network shows a good recovery robustness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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RBC Handover Model Based on Train Subjectivity PAN Deng, MEI Meng, ZHENG Ying-ping 2013, 13(4): 134-141.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1131KB) ( )   In the CTCS-3-based train control system, the radio block center (RBC) handover becomes the bottleneck of the continuous and reliable bidirectional transmission of massive data between train and ground, which exerts a giant impact on the safety and efficiency of train operation. The paper puts forward a RBC handover model based on train subjectivity. The movement authority is hidden in the basic data, which is send by one or two neighboring RBCs to trains. The Train acts as the main body to generate the movement authority with the basic data, namely, the clarity of the hidden movement authority is used to realize the automatic train control. Moreover, the position of the notice balise is adapted for the new model. Performance analysis and simulation experiments show that the proposed model significantly improves traffic organization efficiency and further enhance the safety of train operation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Passenger Dedicated Line Network Carrying Capacity Research Based on Physical Network ZHANG Hong-bin, DONG Bao-tian 2013, 13(4): 142-148.  Abstract ( )   PDF (446KB) ( )   This paper proposes the method of passenger dedicated line network carrying capacity based on physical network. It takes into account the factors of network crowd degree, service level, path choice behavior and capacity restrains. On the basis of the assumptions, the passenger volume is directly distributed to the physical network without trains. The passenger’s travel impedance is defined as the generalized cost which contians ticket price, time value and congestion cost. The level of service is defined as the ratio of actual travel impedance and minimal travel impedance. The PDL network carrying capacity model based on physical network is proposed considering the passenger travel impedance and service level. A heuristic two-stage algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Finally, a numerical example is conducted for a specified PDL network to verify the feasibility of the model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integral Optimization Model for Scheduling Railway Maintenance GUO Ran, HAN Bao-ming, WANG Fu-tian 2013, 13(4): 149-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (683KB) ( )   Scheduling railway maintenance should guarantee both sufficient maintenance and economic benefit. Therefore, taking regional railway network as research object, this paper develops an optimization model of railway maintenance plan based on integer programming. Considering the constraint of maintenance resources for lines in a regional railway network, the maintenance time and the condition of track possession are used as decision variables, and the minimum total cost of track possession, maintenance and penalty are used as target function in this model. The track possession time is reduced, and the optimal objective achieved finally with scheduling all the maintenance activities clustered. The simulated results based on the heuristic algorithm indicate that the proposed model is strong adaptability and can provide decision support for scheduling annual railway maintenance in a network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Multiphase Variable Size Bin Packing Problem with Time Constraints ZHU Xiang, LEI Ding-you， YOU Wei 2013, 13(4): 157-163.  Abstract ( )   PDF (403KB) ( )   The multiphase variable size bin packing problem with time constraints originates from the variable size bin packing problem (VSBPP) after being placed in dynamical environment. It requires formulating a proper schedule which can minimize the total bin and time cost through selecting the different bins to form a combination to packing items involving multiphase and with tardiness date. It has complex and dynamical natures, and there have been a plenty of applications in reality. This paper investigates the VSBPP with time constraints under the multiphase framework. Then it develops a static model based on exacted information and a dynamic model with rolling updating. According to the characteristics of the problem, a heuristic constructive algorithm is presented integrating the best first decreasing rule and lower bounds technique. The numerical example demonstrates that the models and the algorithm perform well when solving the special bin packing problems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolutionary Game of Urban Public Traffic Pricing Linkage Strategy SUN Guang-lin, WANG Jian, JIANG Cheng-fu 2013, 13(4): 164-170.  Abstract ( )   PDF (994KB) ( )   The policies of urban public transport are turning to integrate multistrategies. With classifying bus operators into two partners: normal buses and highlevel buses, an evolution game model for price integration strategy is proposed to identify the law of development of urban transport strategies. The model contains three elements: two bus operators, one price strategy set including price integration strategy and price independent strategy, and a payoff matrix presenting the revenue of using different pricing strategies. The evolution routes and the evolution stable strategy (ESS) are deduced by the numerical calculation of evolution game model. Furthermore, the numerical results of Harbin transit system of China verify that the evolution routes of pricing strategies mainly depend on operator revenue derived from pricing strategies and the ESS are determined not only by revenue but the initial ratio of bus operators using each pricing strategy. Modeling the evolution process of bus price strategies is to provide a method for carrying on the integration of public transport system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Model of Travel Choice Behavior with Influence of Fuel Prices WANG Jing-yuan, HAN Yan，ZHAO Jian-jun 2013, 13(4): 171-175.  Abstract ( )   PDF (545KB) ( )   This paper investigates the impacts of fuel price on household travel behaviors based on the stated preference survey and behavior model analysis. It aims to identify household’s responding behavior, key responding factors, and then formulates the household’s travel choice model. The results show that the rise of oil price exerts impacts on the purchasing intention of most potential car buyers. In addition, private car travelers are more sensitive to the fluctuations of oil prices. Reducing the frequency of car using, avoiding traveling during the peak hours, and changing travel mode are the most frequent options in response to increasing oil price. Particularly, the subway related mass transport is the first choice of alternative travel mode. Furthermore, it reveals that the degree of dependence on private car is largely determined by the household’s income and family structure. This study provides theoretical supports and useful implications for formulating traffic demand management strategies. It is suggested to regulate the oil price according to the fuel tax. Moreover, the differences of resident characteristics should be fully considered in the real implementation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fleet Deployment Model for Liners under Low-carbonEconomy and Its Algorithms Implementation XU Huan, LIU Wei, SHANG Yu-ting 2013, 13(4): 176-181.  Abstract ( )   PDF (397KB) ( )   Considering the nonlinear influence of ship speed on fleet allocation strategy, the paper deduced the mathematical relationship between speed and roundtrip time, voyage cost and the number of fleet allocation. It also introduced speed into the model as a decision variable, took the fleet’s carbon emission as one of the optimized targets to build a biobjective (maximum fleet profit and minimize carbon emission) fleet deployment model. Aiming at the nonlinear and mixed integer characteristics of the model, the paper used the selfcompiled program and a branchandbound algorithm to analyze an example on LINGO11.0 optimization platform. The result shows that the model can develop fleet allocation and speed at the same time. The optimization result can not only further accord with the fact, but also benefit the utilization of the vessel capacity, the save of fuel consumption and the reduce of carbon emission. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cases Analysis

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Traffic Performance Evaluation of Access-controlled Highway ETC Systems LIU Dong-bo 2013, 13(4): 182-186.  Abstract ( )   PDF (438KB) ( )   With the goal of developing a resourceefficient traffic environment, this paper puts forward traffic performance evaluation system for highway ETC systems based on the principle of scientific, systematic and operability. It consideres the views of investors, managers and users and integrates the elements including vehicle travel speed, traffic delay, highway capacity, traffic safety, noise pollution and gas emission. Through a combined methodology of qualitative and quantitative research, it develops a system of quantified criteria for evaluation. Furthermore, it conducts extraperformance analyses on the ETC construction projects under various traffic flow conditions by applying the data envelopment analysis (DEA). This paper gives the ultraefficient quantized value of the ETC construction projects under different traffic conditions as an example. It also works out the relative ratio of the effective value corresponding to different traffic to find out the root causes of low efficiency and to propose corresponding measures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey and Benefit Analysis of Freight Night Transportation in Urban Central Area DU Cai-jun, REN Wei，CHEN Jian-hua 2013, 13(4): 187-192.  Abstract ( )   PDF (569KB) ( )   With the increasingly serious situation of urban transport resource limitation and traffic congestion, the development of the urban freight rose to the height of maintaining economic stability, safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. Development of freight night transport is an important measure to improve transport efficiency. In combination with the freight night transport survey in the center of Beijing city, the paper analyzes the freight night transportation development status in the night transportation freight volume, truck numbers of transportation, the proportion of freight classes, etc. It analyzes the economic benefits, social benefits and energy saving benefits that the freight night transport brings. Freight night transportation have an important role to balance road resource consumption, ease traffic congestion, improve transport efficiency, reduce transportation costs and promote energy conservation. In accordance with the latest work program released by the State to reduce distribution costs and improve circulation efficiency requirements, night transportation combined with initiatives such as joint distribution is an important direction of urban freight transport development. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Operational Efficiency of Major Airports in China Based on DualOriented DEA Model FU Zhao-nan,SHAO Yan-min,XIAO Jin,WANG Shou-yang 2013, 13(4): 193-199.  Abstract ( )   PDF (513KB) ( )   The evaluation of airport operational efficiency and analysis of its influencing factors are important to scientifically reflect the status quo of China’s major civil airports, which contribute to further achieving sustainable development of China’s civil aviation industry and to improve the international competitiveness of Chinese airports. This paper measures the operational efficiency of 27 major Chinese civil airports from 2006 to 2010 based on the dualoriented DEA model, and then analyzes the influencing factors of airport operational efficiency from the viewpoints of macro environment, regional and industry competition as well as airport characteristics. The results show that the operational efficiency of major Chinese civil airports maintains a high level. The operational efficiency of all airports decline with different degrees from 2008 and the differences of operational efficiency between airports increase year by year. The hinterland economy, the scale of the airport, the airport level and multiairport system promote airport operational efficiency, but regional and industry competition inhibit efficiency enhancement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transport Capacity Excavation of Beijing Metro Line 1 PAN Xiao-jun 2013, 13(4): 200-204.  Abstract ( )   PDF (467KB) ( )   The evergrowing passengers of urban rail transit have resulted in a great difficulty for operation. The principal measures for improving transport capacity are analyzed. The potential in improving transport capacity is insignificant for Beijing Metro Line 1 via increasing marshalling coach numbers or declining headways. An unconventional train travel pattern naming train-inserting scheme is presented to improve the transport capacity of Beijing Metro Line 1. The scheme may increase the transport capacity by 10% and decrease the ridership from 120% to 110% during the morning peak period. In view of the practical test, the inserted trains are capable of reducing detained passengers on the platform strikingly. The good implementation might provide ideas and experience for the transport capacity excavation of other metro lines. References | Related Articles | Metrics