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25 October 2013, Volume 13 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Decision-making Forum
Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System
Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology
Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods
Cases Analysis


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Decision-making Forum

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Construction and Operation Management of Urban Rail Transit in China ZHANG Guo-wu 2013, 13(5): 1-9.  Abstract ( )   PDF (12418KB) ( )   Recent years, Chinese urbanization increases the road traffic congestion in urban area. The urban rail transit system which possesses unshared road right is a widely choice to solve traffic insufficient supply in central district of metropolis. 2012 yearend, there are 2,064 km operation lines of urban rail transit in 17 cities of mainland of China, it will exceed 3,000 km at the end of the twelfth FiveYear in mainland of China. The 32nd conference of “Traffic and Transportation Forum 7+1” sets its theme as “Construction and Operation Management of Urban Rail Transit in China”. On the basis of reviewing the construction and operation of rail transit in China since the late 1960s, and compare the metropolis practice data of international and domestic. It discusses the planning, construction and operation management of urban rail transit, which includes the experience, deficiency and development demand. It offers policy for the sustainable development of future urban rail transit, and promotes scientific development of urban integrated transportation system. Related Articles | Metrics

Forum about Comprehensive Transportation System

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The Efficiency Measurement of Coastal Container Terminals in China LI Dan, LUAN Wei-xin, PIAN Feng 2013, 13(5): 10-15.  Abstract ( )   PDF (691KB) ( )   Following the implementation of the twelfth consecutive FiveYear Plan, the development pattern of coastal container ports in China has been shifted, which requires higher port efficiency and an improved development mode. The threestage DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model is applied on the basis of inputoutput crosssectional data of 42 coastal container terminals in China. The model statistically evaluates the comprehensive efficiency, the pure technical efficiency and the scale efficiency of coastal container terminals. The outcome shows that the efficiency of coastal container terminals is rather low in China, and scale inefficiency is the primary reason. There is a big difference in terminal efficiency of different port groups. The terminal efficiency of Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim is relatively high, but Southeast Coast and Pearl River Delta’s is comparatively low. Furthermore, there is an excessive waste in the input of container terminal development in China. In the final section, suggestions are proposed for the existing problems in port developments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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null XU Wen-qiang, WU Qun-qi, CHEN Wen-qiang 2013, 13(5): 16-21.  Abstract ( )   PDF (379KB) ( )   The staff of road transport managing departments can be divided into functional staff and other types of staff. This paper examines the functional staff by systematically combing the factors that influence staff of road transport managing departments in different levels (provincial cities and counties). In order to best meet the needs of the road transport managing departments’ function exercise, it also utilized the stepwise regression analysis to build the relational model of the functional staff and meet the responsibilities and task exercise. 200 groups of survey data are used for solving the parameter of correlation model and revising the model. Finally, functional staff formula of road transport management departments for the different levels is extracted and calculated on the scale. For other staff, the criteria are accordant with relevant state regulations. And the total of other staff is not more than one third of the total preparation in principle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Game Model of Enterprises’ Logistics and Transport Cooperation with Uncertain Demands HE Wei, XU Fu-yuan 2013, 13(5): 22-29.  Abstract ( )   PDF (405KB) ( )   The rapid development of economic globalization and electronic commerce has brought huge transformation of the logistics business management pattern. The theory of logistics alliance arose accordingly. Cooperative transportation is widely used by logistics enterprises with stochastic demand. This paper focuses on cooperative transportation among logistics enterprises under shipment cooperation policy. The cost allocation problem of combining transport policy among enterprises is converted into a cost allocation game based on the cooperation game theory under time policy shipment consolidation and quantity policy shipment consolidation, respectively. Analysis of enterprises’ behaviors proves that the cost allocation game is concave, and has nonempty core. The results show that cooperation among enterprises not only reduces the cost of each carrier, but also enhances customer service level. And then the findings are illustrated by a numerical example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Monitoring the Evolution of Traffic on Main City Roads GONG Jin-li, PENG Xian-wu 2013, 13(5): 30-36.  Abstract ( )   PDF (739KB) ( )   In order to monitor the evolution of traffic on main city roads, a fixedpoint data monitoring system is devised. Firstly, after qualitative traffic data (flow, speed, and occupancy) are acquired, they are then translated into the traffic qualitative state (congested or uncongested) by Fuzzy Cmeans Clustering algorithm. Secondly, the Congestion Evolution Index is determined using Rescaled Range Analysis of data mining. Finally, by taking a sequence pattern similarity measurement and applying condensed hierarchical clustering methods, the routine pattern is distinguished. Consequently, realtime outlier detection is realized by a distancebased outlier detection algorithm. This algorithm was successfully applied based on 11 days of fixedpoint data on the eastern segment of the Shanghai NorthSouth expressway, it is concluded that the outliers distributed in 12:10-13:20, 13:40-14:30 and 17:10-17:15 on September 30. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Intelligent Transportation System and Information Technology

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Aggregateand Disaggregate Speed Consistency Metrics: Differences and Application GUO Tang-yi, SHAO Fei, LIU Ying-shun, HU Qi-zhou 2013, 13(5): 37-41.  Abstract ( )   PDF (828KB) ( )   Speed difference and discreteness, which closely related to traffic safety, can be introduced as metrics of speed consistency to assess safety performance. The speed consistency metrics are classified into two categories, namely, the aggregate and disaggregate ones. The two main shortcomings of the aggregate metrics, ecological fallacy and safety overestimation, are deduced and verified by mathematic analysis. Based on the given safety evaluation criterion, the safety levels of 37 exits along freeway G42 in Nanjing, China, are appraised using the conventional aggregate measure, operating speed , the 85th percentile individual speed difference , and the 85th percentile individual speed change rate . The comparative analysis indicates that the disaggregate speed consistency metrics are capable of avoiding the pitfalls possessed by aggregate metrics to a certain extent. Thus, the disaggregate speed metrics should be adopted in road safety evaluation in both the fields of research and engineering application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of Pedestrian Evacuation Based on a Dynamic Parameters Model LI Te-lang，ZHANG Xi，ZHU Nuo,CAO Wei, ZHENG Pan 2013, 13(5): 42-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1617KB) ( )   A dynamic parameters model is presented based on cellular automata. The dynamic parameters: directionparameter, emptyparameter and cognitionparameter are formulated to simplify tactically the decisionmaking process of pedestrians, which can reflect the pedestrian judgment on the surrounding conditions and decide the pedestrian’s choice of action. Simulation of pedestrian evacuation and pedestrian moving rules are established, according to twodimensional cellular automaton Moore neighborhood. The simulation results of the improved and previous models are compared and analyzed. In the improved model, the impact of the pedestrian density around exits in evacuation is considered, the simulation results prove that this improvement makes sense. At the same time, the effects of pedestrian distribution, pedestrian density and exits width on the evacuation time are discussed, giving the optimal exit layout. The improvement of the CA model is useful for further study, it is instructional significant for pedestrian evacuation, avoiding or reducing the number of injuries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multiobjective Optimization for Traffic Signals with Golden Ratio Based Genetic Algorithm YANG Wen-chen, ZHANG Lun, RAO Qian, ZHANG Meng 2013, 13(5): 48-55.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1115KB) ( )   Aiming at the problems of the local optimum of the genetic algorithm in solving traffic signal timing models, this paper presents an optimized traffic signal controller with a golden ratiobased genetic algorithm (TSCGRGA) for urban signalized intersections. This controller employs numerical simulation to analyze the correlation between the traditional performance indicators of traffic signal benefit and their correlation degree with timing parameters, select time delays, stop rate and throughput to establish relative evaluation indices of traffic signals, and a multiobjective timing model of traffic signals is developed by weighted coefficient method. Then, an adaptive golden ratiobased genetic algorithm is presented to solve the optimized models, which uses real number encoding, and introduces golden ratio calculator to enhance the local optimal capability of genetic algorithm. Experiments are conducted on a typical urban isolated intersection and the performance of the developed model and algorithm is validated by comparison with those of fixedtime, actuated, and simple realcoded genetic algorithmbased controllers for different traffic conditions. Extensive numerical circulation and VISSIM simulation results have demonstrated the potential of the developed algorithm in the quality of solutions and time efficiency, and indicated that the signal strategies derived from TSCGRGA have better performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility Analysis of Emission Evaluation for Road Traffic Based on VISSIM LI Ming，SONG Guo-hua，YU Lei，ZHANG Yan-hong 2013, 13(5): 56-63.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1020KB) ( )   Nowadays the integration of VISSIM and emission models has been widely applied in estimating emissions at home and abroad. However, the estimation accuracy of emissions by such an approach has not been effectively evaluated. In this context, by collecting massive driving and simulated vehicle activity data, this paper conducted a comparative analysis of the difference between them based on the explanatory parameter of vehicle emissionsvehicle specific power (VSP) distribution. This paper found that the simulated VSP distribution led to high errors in estimating emission factors. At last, with an analysis of adjustments on 8 parameters of VISSIM, it was found that these parameters are not sensitive on VSP distributions, and the current approach of model calibration may not be able to improve VISSIM to meet the needs of emission estimations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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Public Road Transport Efficiency: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis Sami Jarboui，Pascal Forget，Younes Boujelbene 2013, 13(5): 64-71.  Abstract ( )   PDF (426KB) ( )   The objectives of this paper are to measure the technical efficiency of 64 public road transport operators in 18 countries and to investigate the degree to which various factors influence efficiency levels in these firms. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) methods are applied to the sample over a twelve year period from 2000 to 2011. The empirical results indicate that operating profit, investment and firm size have a significant influence on technical efficiency levels. Conclusions indicate that technical efficiency level of public road transport operators varies between 0.46 and 0.95. Observations can be made that large-size operators with more investment capacity tend to be more technically efficient than small-size operators. Finally, the results concluded that operators from developed countries are technically more efficient than those of developing countries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Route Selection for Railway Passengers:A Multi objective Model and Optimization Algorithm YANG Xin-feng, LIU Lan-fen, LI Yin-zhen,HE Rui-chun 2013, 13(5): 72-78.  Abstract ( )   PDF (411KB) ( )   With an increased operating speed in Chinese railways in recent years, the number of passengers traveling by trains has been significantly increasing. The research issue is regarding how passengers select their routes when there are no direct trains. Previous studies have dealt with the route selection problem as a multiobjective optimization. The study began by setting up a transportation network which encompasses the departure and terminal stations along with important intermediate stations. Then, six key factors are analyzed and formulated using a multiobjective model, consisting of the trainrunning time, railway fare, transfer frequencies, distances between transfer stations, transfer interval time, and travel comfort. Furthermore, a twophase algorithm is employed to solve the model. A rapid searching algorithm for feasible routes based on the train timetable is established, then the weight vector is assigned by introducing the information entropy to obtain satisfied routes. In the end, the twophase algorithm is tested respectively for railway passengers from Lanzhou to Beijing (with direct trains) and from Lanzhou to Changchun (without direct trains), and the results show that the proposed model and solution algorithm are efficient for obtaining satisfactory routes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Incident Situation Evaluation Based on Road Network Reliability of Invulnerability ZHAO Xin-yong, AN Shi, CONG Hao-zhe 2013, 13(5): 79-85.  Abstract ( )   PDF (939KB) ( )   To comprehend and evaluate the severity of traffic incident situations, an unconventional traffic management strategy should measure and calculate the severity of incident situations. This paper presents a freeway network traffic incident situation evaluation model by introducing the invulnerability concept in the complex network theory and perceiving the topological structure of a road network with the help of traffic incident situations. A case analysis was conducted for the invulnerability of a regional freeway network subsystem and the overall network. The model provides a solution for incident situation comprehension from the road network structure point of view.  References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Robust Transportation Network Design Modeling with Regret Value LIU Hui, YANG Chao, YANG Jun 2013, 13(5): 86-92.  Abstract ( )   PDF (490KB) ( )   Based on longterm transportation network design decisions and potential parameter variations, it is important that demand uncertainty is considered in transportation modeling. In this paper, we present a novel robustness measure that combines the two objectives by minimizing the expected travel time while bounding the relative regret in each scenario facing uncertain origindestination demand (OD demand). The concept of α-robust solution is introduced into the transportation network design problem. We propose a robust transportation network design model with regret value constraints, then design an algorithm based on the genetic algorithm to solve the problem and obtain the optimal solutions for different regret values. Finally, numerical results based on the Nguyen-Dupuis network validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. While detailed analysis on trade-offs, between the expected travel time and the maximum regret value, shows that large reductions in maximum regret do not necessarily result in a great increase in expected travel time. Meanwhile, we compared the robust model presented with the stochastic model and numerical examples demonstrate that the robust planning network is more reliable and less risky than the stochastic model if demand uncertainty is considered in modeling. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship Selection of Container Transport Based on Trade Goods Fluctuation YANG Zhong-zhen, ZHAO Jun 2013, 13(5): 93-100.  Abstract ( )   PDF (679KB) ( )   The international trade goods fluctuation determines the distribution of spatial and temporal in container transport, and further affects the ship selection. An optimization model is build for ship selection with the aim to minimize the total cost for container transport, on the bases of spatial and temporal fluctuation in the international trade goods. The point-point shipping lines from Ningbo Port to 13 oversea ports are used to numerical analyze as the empirical examples. The calculated results show that ship selection depends on the trade goods fluctuation, for shipping lines with different goods volumes and fluctuations need to use the different ships. It is also found that as the ship size increase, the transportation cost decreases first but increases later. The cost curve has a minimum point and the ship corresponding to the point is the best one. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban Rail Transfer Service Evaluation Based on Colored Petri Net ZHANG Xing-qiang, HE Jie, ZHU Jing-zheng 2013, 13(5): 101-106.  Abstract ( )   PDF (555KB) ( )   Reasonable evaluation on the transfer facility is vital to improve the transfer station capacity, security and management. With analysis of the transfer mode and service process of transfer facility in urban rail transfer stations, this study develops a model to evaluate the level of service (LOS) of transfer facilities using the colored Petri net and considering the passenger flow imbalance. The LOS of each transfer facility area is defined with the indexes of “comfort” and “convenience”. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and ranking method are used to determine the weight of the transfer facilities and the evaluation indexes. Finally, the model is used to evaluate the LOS in Jianguomen Station of Beijing during morning peak. On the basis of the classification standards, the the general LOS in Jianguomen Station of Beijing is calculated to be “C”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Measurement of Comprehensive Efficiency for Port Logistics LI Dian-sheng,ZHANG Sheng-ze,YUAN Li-fen 2013, 13(5): 107-113.  Abstract ( )   PDF (555KB) ( )   The competition among the ports is changing from focusing on extension to focusing on inner development, and from blindly pursuing throughput to improving overall efficiency, along with the decline of the world economy and the adjustment of China’s economic frame. In order to counterbalance the slow development of research on measurement of overall efficiency in port logistics, especially on the measurement analysis of X-efficiency, this paper demonstrates a KPI, which is a measurement of efficiency that deals with the investment and return on investment in port logistics, and introduces DEA quadratic relative evaluation model to measure port logistic efficiency. On the basis of production efficiency and measurement analysis of X-efficiency, this paper put forward a formula to measure the overall efficiency, which supplies a gap in this research. In the end, this paper uses this model to give a demonstration to simulate the relevant operation in 13 ports of China, and the result validates that this model is applicable and appropriate to measure the efficiency of port logistic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Damage Compensation of the Shipping Chemical Accident Based on SVR ZHANG Jian-xia,XU Le-ping,HE Jian-hai 2013, 13(5): 114-119.  Abstract ( )   PDF (462KB) ( )   The bulk chemical ship is a risk of shifting dangerous source which is the greatest threat to marine safety and environment in transit when the accident occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of the chemicals in the transport for the reasonable estimate the amount of chemical spill, pollution losses for ship pollution claims and environmental protection based on the scientific foundation. SVR is a nonlinear regression model on the basis of statistical learning theory, and it has good versatility and robustness. The establishment topology is based on a small subset extracting from the training data by algorithm. The optimal solution will be obtained under the limited sample. Because of the above feature, SVR has been widely used in areas such as regression and fitting. Firstly, the basic regression and fitting principles of the SVR is introduced. Secondly, the accident damage compensation is predicted by analyzing the different examples and selecting the different kernel function. Finally, the results show that the damage compensation model is valid and feasible. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Situation Assessment of Vehicle Collision Risk Based on Variable Precision Rough Set PENG Li-qun, WU Chao-zhong, HUANG Zhen 2013, 13(5): 120-126.  Abstract ( )   PDF (858KB) ( )   Vehicle collision risk identification and warning is one of the key technologies of intelligent collision avoidance system. In view of the problems that the existing vehicle collision avoidance systems keep high false alarm rate and low flexibility in complicated road traffic environment, this paper presents a method for vehicle collision risk identification with the impact from “drivervehicleroad” multifactors. A model is established for identification of vehicle collision risk considering the fusion of related factors such as driver state, distance between vehicles, road surface, etc. The relevant information is obtained from cooperative vehicleinfrastructure system (CVIS). Then, the risk situation assessment algorithm is formulated based on theory of variable precision rough set (VPRS). Finally, similarity degrees between the current driving status and driving status in decisionmaking table are compared based on attribute weighted similarity, which could get the situation assessment results. The simulated driving results show that this method can be used for fusion of safety related factors and detection of collision risk. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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Synthetically Optimizing Direct Train Services from Loading Area Technical Yards and within Local Sections WANG Long,MA Jian-jun,LIN Bo-liang,NI Shao-quan,LV Hong-xia 2013, 13(5): 127-133.  Abstract ( )   PDF (425KB) ( )   With the theory of network flows and combinatorial optimization, this paper focuses on the integrated optimization of the direct train services from loading area, from technical yards and within local sections. On a basis of the primitive OD shipment between each two nodes in the network, the paper integrates the train formation plans from loading area and technical yards considering the condition of compatibility and transformation between originated flows and technical flows. An assumption is not adopted in this study, there is a district train service between each two adjacent technical yards. The paper also analyzes the merits and drawbacks of running district trains with consideration of the pickup flows and district flows. It then develops the model for synthetically optimizing the direct train services from loading area, technical yards and within local sections. Finally, a numerical example is presented and the optimal blocking plan is designed, which is for the least relative carhour consumption. This example validates the rationality and necessity of adding running district trains to the optimal train formation plan. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Convergence based on the Coordination of Train Departure Time in the Subway Transfer Station BAI Guang-zheng，GUO Jin，SHI Hong-guo，YANG Yang，ZHANG Tai-hua 2013, 13(5): 134-139.  Abstract ( )   PDF (572KB) ( )   By coordinating the trains’ departure time in the transfer station, optimized scheme is proposed to reduce the waiting time of transfer passengers in the transfer station of the urban traffic network. The transfer relationship between two trains in different lines which intersect with different forms in a transfer station is analyzed, and the formulas are derived to describe these connecting relationships. Based on the analysis, a model which minimizes the total waiting time of all transfer passengers during the coordinating period is established. Simple genetic algorithm (SGA) with the discard method is designed to solve this problem. Finally, an example with two lines’ intersection is given to verify the model and partial optimized solutions are obtained by using the proposed algorithm. The results show that the model can reduce transfer passengers’ waiting time. This study can provide some theoretical reference for the design and optimization of the train operation scheme under the urban traffic network operating scenario. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Service Coverage of Civil Aviation Airports Based on Weighted Voronoi Diagram FENG She-miao 2013, 13(5): 140-144.  Abstract ( )   PDF (506KB) ( )   Determining reasonable service coverage of an airport is one of the important prerequisite for airports management. Aiming at the common unscientific approach of delimitating airports service coverage based on administrative division, this paper analyzes the factors which restricts the area of an airport influence and then introduces the principles of weighted Voronoi diagram. It also examines the feasibility of its applying to delimitate airports service coverage. In the last section, the paper provides an example to illustrate the solving of the problem. It is found that the approach of delimitating airports service coverage based on weighted Voronoi diagram is more suitable for the objective situation of civil aviation market than that based on administrative division. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Systems Engineering Theory and Methods

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Research on Highway Toll Rates Based on the Cost of Conservation LIN Wen-xin,WANG Jian-wei,LIN Yu-Jun 2013, 13(5): 145-149.  Abstract ( )   PDF (390KB) ( )   Highway would face problems such as traffic congestion and maintenance cost rise of road infrastructure after highway toll phase expires or government repurchases. Toll extension but at a lower rate out of road conservation purpose is considered to be one feasible approach to mitigate the financial burdens and dissolve the social media pressure. From this point of view, a bilevel programming model is built. On the upper level, road network manager (government) as the leader maximizes the network traffic load and minimizes the total network delay; the lower bound of charging which ensures the reasonable profits and maintenance costs of network operator, as well as the upper bound of charging determined by the road users affordability is also considered. On the lower level, User Equilibrium (UE) model is built in full account of route choice heterogeneity and the congestion effect on traffic demand distribution. Simulated Annealing (SA) is used to validate the model and find the reference toll rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Yard Crane Scheduling in the Mixture Storage Block Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm ZHENG Hong-xing, YU Kai 2013, 13(5): 150-158.  Abstract ( )   PDF (953KB) ( )   The yard crane scheduling problem in the mixture storage container terminals block involves the allocation of limited yard crane resource and the scheduling of loading and unloading tasks on each block in the mixture storage container terminal, in order to reduce the waiting cost of all tasks and the nonload and nonunload cost of all operating yard cranes during the fixed span, as well as assure those operating yard cranes operation strength not passing the strength limit. Under the real constraints of noncrossing of yard cranes and keeping safe distance when multiyard cranes are working together, along with different priority level between the inner truck and outer truck, and those trucks waiting time limit, the nonlinear mathematical planning model is set up. A hybrid genetic algorithm(HGA) is proposed according to the characteristics of the problem which is based on the tabu search algorithm, and the chromosome representation is structured on the sequence of tasks. Finally, the model and the algorithm are proved by one real example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Optimization Model for Bus Crew Scheduling with Multiple Depots CHEN Ming-ming, NIU Hui-min 2013, 13(5): 159-166.  Abstract ( )   PDF (561KB) ( )   Crew scheduling is an important element of intelligent transit dispatching. The scheduling methods of many cities in China are mainly based on artificial experience with great blindness and tediousness. Moreover, the scheduling results are mostly focused on the field of crew scheduling with a single depot. A mathematical model of multiple depots crew scheduling is formulated with the time shift of trips, work intensity for crew, capacity of depots as constrains, and with the minimum cost of pull-in/pull-out time, waiting time and deadheading as the objective function. The tabu search algorithm is used to solve the proposed model, and a heuristic algorithm is designed to generate the initial solution. A neighborhood search method with trip exchange and insert strategy is also presented based on the ordered sequence. Taking four bus lines with two depots as examples, the proposed model can effectively solve the crew scheduling problem with multiple depots which allows vehicles and crew running at the cross-lines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculating the Maximum Assembling on Transfer Side-platform of Urban Rail Transit WANG Yong-liang， ZHANG Xing-chen， JIANG Yang， ZHU Yu-ting 2013, 13(5): 167-173.  Abstract ( )   PDF (568KB) ( )   The maximum assembling of some period on joint routing transfer sideplatform of urban rail transit line is calculated by trend analysis. Based on relative hypotheses, interaction of passenger, train and platform in time element is analyzed by trend analysis, in order to understand noninterchange and interchange passenger flow assembling change process; calculation equation of maximum assembling on transfer platform is concluded by synchronous superimposition. The numerical example indicated that calculation equation is feasible of maximum assembling on transfer platform; the final result by the calculation method of this paper is more accurate than by the one of code for design of metro． References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantities of Ticket Windows in High-speed Railway Stations Based on M/M/s Model SUN Nian-you 2013, 13(5): 174-178.  Abstract ( )   PDF (454KB) ( )   The characteristics of passengers waiting in queue for buying tickets in high-speed railway stations are revealed and these characteristics meet the assumptions of M/M/s model. Based on M/M/s model, an analysis model on quantity of ticket windows is established. The minimum ticket windows are calculated under varied passengers’ arrival rates according to the investigation data in Guangzhou South Station. The relationship between queue length, waiting time and arrival rate is also discussed. The results demonstrate that the minimum ticket windows are determined by passengers’ arrival rate and ticket windows’ selling rate. The queue length and waiting time are both in a cycle increase with the rise of arrival rate when configuring the minimum ticket windows and selling 0.86 tickets per window and minute. The cycle period is 6 and the final peak is decided by the approximation of the division between arrival rate and selling rate to the minimum ticket windows. The difference in the configuration of minimum ticket window with varied selling rate is insignificant under lower arrival rate, but it will extend with the increase of arrival rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Space-time Extended Network Build Based on Train Schedule of Urban Subway Network LIU Xin-hua, SI Bing-feng, LIU Jian-feng, DU Kai 2013, 13(5): 179-184.  Abstract ( )   PDF (636KB) ( )   Focusing on the dynamic passenger flow assignment for urban subway network, this paper proposes a method to build the spacetime extended network for urban subway system based on the schedule information. First, the dynamic characteristics of network flow are analyzed and the definition of the spatial structure for subway network is proposed based on the physical site and interval. Then, this paper presents the spacetime extended network as well as the concept of space-time path, by combining the train schedule information. Then, this paper proposes a method to build the spacetime extended network for urban subway system with the schedule information. The definition and description of the basic elements in such network are also provided. The proposed methodology provides a way to use classic static user equilibrium model to describe the complex dynamic flow assignment, which can serve as reference for dynamic flow assignment for urban subway network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cases Analysis

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Spatial Growth of Urbanrural Road Network in Wuhan Metropolitan Area Based on Fractal Theory LIU Cheng-liang, DUAN De-zhong 2013, 13(5): 185-193.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   Transportation network is the material conditions and prerequisites for forming the metropolitan area network system. It is also the main channel of material flow, energy flow and information flow which plays an important role in the socio-economic development of metropolitan area. Based on the urbanrural road network construction data of 1989, 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010, this paper systematically reveals the spatial growth of urbanrural road network with the application of two major fractal dimensions using GIS spatial analysis methods. The node correlation dimension of urbanrural road network is high and the urbanrural node system growth is mature, which present a netted pattern. The urbanrural road network nodes approximately assume orthoscopic connection, thus the net accessibility is good. The spatial difference of urbanrural nodes correlation is obvious because there has positive correlation and space conjugate relation between the development level of space correlation of urbanrural nodes and area coverage or road network scale. From 1989 to 2010, the dendrite dimension of urbanrural road network of Wuhan metropolitan area maintained a stable growth tendency, showing a “discharge” stretch, significantly affected by urban and rural distribution and the natural environment, and the spatial distribution is relatively balanced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stage Characteristics of Integrated Transportation Demand for Urban Agglomeration：A Case Study of Wuhan YIN Xi-hui, JIA Yuan-hua，XU Wen-xue 2013, 13(5): 194-201.  Abstract ( )   PDF (939KB) ( )   It is an important problem how to build an integrated transportation system, which compatibles with the economic development level of urban agglomeration. The key to solve the problem is analyzing the stage characteristics of urban agglomeration. On the basis of economic adaptability theory and product life cycle theory, this paper divides the economic development period of urban agglomeration as four stages, namely, development period, growth stage, mature period and decline phase. It proposes the ideas and the main indicators for analyzing the integrated transportation demand for urban agglomeration. It also analyzes the demand characteristics of integrated transportation system in the different economic and social stages. At last, in order to verify the main point, taking Wuhan urban agglomeration as a case study based on the economic node importance method and antientropy weight method. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Enlightenment of Modern Tram’s Development to China LI Yong-liang,ZHANG Wei,RONG Ya-ping 2013, 13(5): 202-206.  Abstract ( )   PDF (414KB) ( )   The transport capacity, construction and operation fund for the modern tram system are all between bus and subway, due to which it has a good application potential in medium cities and districts of large cities with low passenger transport demand. The present operation situation of modern tram in Melbourne et al is summarized. The characteristics of all-round control, entrusted operation and removed control for industry management pattern are analyzed. The research results illustrate that the domestic modern tram system is in the initial stage. During its development, the unified industry technical standards and management specification as well as effective supervision mechanism should be established for the transit integration. The infrastructure construction and service design of modern tram should be fused and replenished with bus and subway. The first choice for the industry management pattern of modern tram in its preliminary stage is entrusted operation. The local government needs to provide a certain subsidy. The encouraged contract is a suitable pattern, where the subsidy amount should be related to its operational performance, e.g. level of service. References | Related Articles | Metrics