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25 April 2015, Volume 15 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Development and Application of Clean Energy in Transportation ZHANG Guo-wu 2015, 15(2): 1-9.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1183KB) ( )   It is one of the key links to control environmental pollution that energy savings and pollutant reductions of transport industry. The clean energy of transportation is become the problem to be solved. The 38th conference of“Traffic and Transportation 7+1 Forum”sets its theme as“Development and Application of Clean Energy in Transportation”. Clean energy of transportation via using various techniques to effectively reduce energy consumption and emission of harmful substance from vehicle, to reduce the impact on environment. It is studied that the development of clean energy technology in transportation. And the effect for urban and environment is analyzed. This paper puts forward that the clean energy of transportation is an important means to relief and solve many environment problems, and it is the necessary way to strengthen the pollution control and environmental protection, and to promote the economic transition. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Early Warning of Traffic Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity JIANG Hui-yuan，HUANG Yong-shen 2015, 15(2): 10-16.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1284KB) ( )   The rapid development of integrated transportation in the new normal poses an increasing threat to environment and resources. The bearing capacity of environment and resources to transportation becomes a significant criterion to measure whether an area is developing healthily. Based on the definition of traffic resource environmental bearing capacity, a traffic resource and environmental bearing capacity index system is built from both resources carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity aspects. Through combining fuzzy matter-element theory of extension theory with entropy theory, an early-warning model of traffic resource and environmental bearing capacity is established, this model is applied to study the traffic resources and environmental carrying capacity of Yangtze River economic belt (include seven provinces and two municipalities as well). The results demonstrate that: The traffic resources and environmental carrying capacity index system is reasonable and the fuzzy matter-element model used in studying the early-warning of resources environmental bearing capacity is of sound applicability and operability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Method of Taxi Pooling Mode Decision-making with Passenger Psychology ZHANGWei，HE Rui-chun，XIAO Qiang，MAChang-xi 2015, 15(2): 17-23.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1862KB) ( )   For the lack of considering passengers psychology in the taxi pooling research, a taxi mode choice model based on the prospect theory is established, and a taxi pooling decision method considering passengers psychology is proposed. Considering travel time, cost and comfort, the effects of different payment ratio and traffic congestion rate on passengers are analyzed through computer simulation. The results show that: the influence of taxi pooling payment ratio on the passengers decision is large, and taxi pooling proportion increases with the decrease of payment ratio. The payment ratio 0.7 cannot stimulate the most of the passengers. Traffic congestion rate has little effect on the taxi pooling proportion which is relatively stable when the payment ratio falls to 0.65 and below. These conclusions have a certain guiding significance to formulating taxi policy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Repeated Games Analysis of Trip Model Choice Behavior XIAO Hai-yan, DUWei 2015, 15(2): 24-28.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1178KB) ( )   The trip model choice behavior of the travelers is established by game theory, and it is extended from one time game to repeated games. The stable operation condition of the cooperation strategy is obtained, that is the players will cooperate with each other if they pay more attention to the long- term interests. Because the travelers would make mistakes, the shaking effect of repeated games model is established. And the revenue of players is given in this case which is more in line with the actual. Then it is proved that the players will take trigger strategy if they pay more attention to the long- term interests. In addition, effective decision-making mechanism and incentive-punishment mechanism are set up in order to encourage travelers to choose bus travel. At last, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are given according to the present situation of public transport in order to provide the reference for public transportation construction innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of Highway Toll Channels Based on Evolutionary Game ZHANG Gong-liang，ZHANG Cheng-ke，CAO Ming，XIAO Ji-hui 2015, 15(2): 29-35.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1328KB) ( )   The congestion of toll plaza reduces the efficiency of transportation, and poses negative effects on the safety and smoothness of highway. In order to find out the stable strategy of game theory for better guiding drivers to select toll channel legitimately, and improve the efficiency of transportation and the situation of toll plaza congestion. Drivers is considered as the object of study, and the approach of evolutionary game and the analysis of "Hawk and Dove game" model are applied to obtain two evolutionary stable strategies that are under different cost conditions. By using the simulation of MATLAB software and the analysis of evolutionary path, it can be verified that there is equilibrium existing in the game when drivers choose toll channel. The result shows that mixed strategy is equilibrium of game, and to induce the strategic choices of drivers closing to the equilibrium can balance flow of each toll channel, which can efficiently relieve the congestion of the toll plazas. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic Traffic Control Model Based on Traffic Environmental Capacity DU Yi-man，JIAYu-han，WU Jian-ping，XU Ming，YANG Sen-yan 2015, 15(2): 36-41.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1400KB) ( )   In recent years, transportation system has become an important source of air pollution. As a result, it is urgent to consider improving traffic efficiency under the condition of protecting urban air quality. Based on the traffic environmental capacity and macroscopic fundamental diagram theory, the multiobjective programming model is adopted to describe the relationship between traffic emission and traffic capacity. Then a dynamic traffic volume control method is developed for regional traffic management. As a case study, the proposed methodology is applied to a road network located in central area of Nanjing. The results show that traffic efficiency is improved significantly and the urban air quality is ensured. This paper can offer some reference for the decision-making of urban traffic management. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction and Evaluation of FAIR Highway: A Creditbased Congestion Pricing Scheme FANWen-bo, ZHUWei 2015, 15(2): 42-47.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1819KB) ( )   Congestion pricing is one of the most effective measures to tackle roadway traffic congestion. Its bias impacts on social equity, however, are the most concerns that hinder the public’s acceptance. Recently, a number of credit- based congestion pricing (CBCP) schemes were developed, which distribute monetary credits as subsidies to low-income commuters who may be negatively affected by the tolling highway. One of the earliest CBCP is FAIR (Fast and Intertwined Regular) highway. First, the concept and system designs of FAIR scheme are introduced, and then its pros and cons are summarized as compared to traditional highway congestion management strategies (e.g., HOV and HOT lanes). Through modeling travelers’ behaviors, the performance of FAIR scheme is quantitatively evaluated on an experiment highway. The results show that FAIR highway has significant effectiveness on congestion reduction, although some detailed system elements (e.g., credits policy) should be prudently designed in practice. The study is worth attentions of Chinese decision makers, especially in the current situation that the traffic congestion is deteriorating but traditional congestion pricing remains unpopular in Chinese cities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Urban Rail Transit Transfer Nodes on Network Performance LI Ming-gao, DU Peng, ZHU Yu-ting, SHI Rui-jia, FENG Xu-jie 2015, 15(2): 48-53.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1537KB) ( )   Transfer nodes, which are the place while transferring between urban rail transit lines, have great influence to urban rail transit network performance. In this paper, the average path length, network local efficiency and network global efficiency are proposed as the network performance indexes based on complex theory. Then, the effect of transfer nodes proportion, transfer nodes connecting lines and transfer nodes distribution on the urban rail transit network performance is studied. The results show that the average path length decreases by power relate to the transfer nodes proportion and transfer nodes connecting lines. The local efficiency decline by exponential as the transfer nodes proportion increases, while the global efficiency has logarithmic growth as the transfer nodes proportion increases. Transfer efficiency may affect the global efficiency and the higher the transfer efficiency is, the effect of the transfer nodes on global efficiency is more remarkable. Moreover, the local efficiency has inverse correlation with the transfer nodes connecting lines while the global efficiency has positive correlation with the transfer nodes connecting lines. The network performs well while the transfer nodes uniformly distributed in all lines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cellular Automata Model Based on Safety Distance QIU Xiao-ping，YU Dan，SUN Ruo-xiao，YANG Da 2015, 15(2): 54-60.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1543KB) ( )   With the traffic congestion increasing significantly, traffic safety level declines and traffic accident rate increases gradually. To improve driving safety, the length of the cellular cells is fined, and the Gipps’safe distance rule is introduced to improve the NaSch model, further, a new cellular automata traffic flow model is proposed. The Gipps’safe distance rule is widely proved to have good performance in describing the vehicle driving behavior. In addition, we use the field data to calibrate and evaluate the proposed model. The numerical simulation analysis is carried out to analyze the model. Model evaluation results show that the performance of the new model is better than NaSch model. The simulation results show that the improved model can describe the traffic flow characteristics well and can reproduce free flow, synchronized flow, congestion and other traffic phenomenon in the real traffic flow. Furthermore, the study also found that the drivers’overestimation of the maximum deceleration of vehicle ahead will lead to decreased road capacity. However, the drivers’overestimation of their own vehicle maximum deceleration will increase the capacity of the road, but is likely to cause unsafe driving behaviors and increase accident rate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Calculation Method of Area Public Transit Accessibility Based on GIS CHEN Yan-yan，WEI Pan-yi，LAI Jian-hui，ZHANGWei-wei，FENG Guo-chen 2015, 15(2): 61-67.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1603KB) ( )   To calculate the public transit accessibility between a specific area and its surrounding areas, and to show the differences of the public transit accessibility more intuitive, a new concept is raised, this is area public transit accessibility (APTA). Using the GIS spatial analysis, a method is introduced to calculate the APTA based on bus station and the boundary of the bus routes. Finally, a case study of Beijing Chaoyang district is conducted. The results show that the APTA can give us a clearly description, about the different levels of the public transit accessibility between a specific area and its surrounding areas. This provides quantitative information of public transit accessibility for location analysis and transit network optimizing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization-based Methods for Dynamic Schemes of Movement in Control Phases at Signalized Intersections LIUWei，XIAOWen-bin，WANG Ao-bo 2015, 15(2): 68-75.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1669KB) ( )   Focusing on the situation that green time lose present at pre- timed or sensing control urban signalized intersections with obviously fluctuated vehicle arrival rates in movements because of lack of dynamic traffic schemes in phases. For minimize the loss of passing time, a new control method based on dynamic schemes of movements in phases is proposed in this paper. It steam from the concept of compatible traffic movements and we calculate the possible schemes of compatible movements by vector calculus. To take keeping the loss time of green phase minimal as the goal, the optimization control method of dynamic schemes of movements in phases is obtained by analyzing. The control schemes of movements in phases obtained by the methods can accommodated timely to the intersections which have stochastic and fluctuated vehicle arrival rates and it can also minimize the delay time and improve passing efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Data Optimization of Traffic Video Vehicle Detector Based on Cloud Platform CHENG Xue-qing，LIU Xing-wen, LI Jian-hai, PU Yun 2015, 15(2): 76-80.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1401KB) ( )   Traffic video detection technology is widely used in ITS and becomes the main form of transportation information collection. But in bad weather condition, the traffic data deviation is so large that it’s difficult to accurately reflect the traffic situation. To solve this problem，k - type BP neural network model is established based on different meteorological visibility level, then preprocess the data which collected in the meteorological visibility level below 10 km. It also analyzes the advantages of cloud computing in traffic information processing, realizes the construction and promotion of the model based on cloud computing platform. The superiority of the new model compared with the traditional method is validated by an example. Finally, an example is analyzed based on observatory date of Chengdu beltway Qiligou Bridge, compare the effectiveness of the proposed method and the traditional processing methods. The conclude shows that the proposed method is more advanced than the conventional methods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Topological Characteristics and Control Approach for VANET ZHANG Hong, LI Jie 2015, 15(2): 81-87.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1759KB) ( )   The prior knowledge for traditional Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), such as communication protocol and its topology, didn’t reveal the essence from the macroscopic angle. In view of this, a VANWT model based on complex network is proposed. Firstly, the algorithm of this model is introduced, and then the degree distribution is analyzed using mean- field theory to determine exponent range, and its special circumstances are discussed. The algorithm calculates degree distribution and relationship between degree and order, while degree distribution obeys the power-law to verify the Scale-free property. Finally, we derive the network state equation of controlling to equilibrium point according to network state equation, calculate the maximum eigenvalue of matrix and network eigenvalue, and propose VANET pinning control strategy. Simulation results show that VANET degree distribution exponent γ >2 and control significantly the maximum eigenvalue λ1 if network is pinned to the equilibrium point -X . References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of Pedestrian Flow Evacuation Based on Direction Fuzzy Visual Field LI Shi-wei，NIU Hui-min 2015, 15(2): 88-95.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1714KB) ( )   This paper defines the direction fuzzy visual field to modify the floor field cellular automata model. When a pedestrian choosing the next target position, his behavior is affected by the shortest distance from the pedestrians to the target position, the repulsive force and the attractive force between pedestrians in direction fuzzy visual field. It simulates the scenes of a single exit and four exits in the condition of pedestrian's uniform distribution. Simulation results indicate that the model does not have to rely on the influence coefficient of every factor. Therefore, it avoids the subjectivity and the limitations of evacuation system in the process of making these factors. And the model can effectively present the macroscopic selforganization phenomena of pedestrian flow, such as jamming and clogging, a phenomenon of double trailing, etc. Moreover, if pedestrians can keep a moderate radius of view in direction fuzzy visual field, it should effectively improve the evacuation efficiency of pedestrian flow. The present study is helpful for devising evacuation strategies and schemes in buildings that are similar to the pedestrian flow. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Research on the Relationship between Driving Skills and Rear-end Accidents LI Geng, JIA Ning, MAShou-feng 2015, 15(2): 96-101.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1701KB) ( )   Drivers' skill associates highly with the occurrences of traffic rear-end accidents. In this paper, a microscopic simulation model is developed for rear- end collision simulation by adding reaction delay and operational error into the classic“optimal velocity model”. Then a scenario consists of two cars is researched through the simulation model to investigate the impact of the velocity, distance and drivers' skills upon the rear-end accident rate. Simulation results indicate that keeping safe distance is the most effective measures in prevention of crashes; while both response delay and operation error rate also pose obviously effects on the accident rate, but with different strengths and forms. These results are valuable for the studies on the mechanism and prevention of human-caused traffic accidents. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Modeling for Car-following Behaviors on Arrival Traffic Flow of Signalized Intersection LI Xiu-hai，YU Shao-wei 2015, 15(2): 102-108.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1398KB) ( )   In order to better simulate car- following behaviors on arrival traffic flow of signalized intersections and further to better study signal timing and traffic flow theory, the field car-following data at a signalized intersection are collected by using a new proposed data acquisition method, and then the measured data are mined to seek the endogenous variables as the input variables of car- following model. On the basis of foregoing analysis, a new car- following model is proposed, calibrated and verified. This comparative research shows that the new proposed car-following model can fit the measured data well and that the stability of traffic flow simulated by it is prior to that by the recalibrated expansion of GM model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Model and Simulation for the Robustness of Hazardous Goods Transportation Network under Emergency HU Peng，SHUAI Bin，DI Zhao-hua 2015, 15(2): 109-115.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2247KB) ( )   Under emergency circumstances, dangerous goods transport is affected, and the consequences are fatal. Therefore, the robustness of hazardous goods transportation network is analyzed for facilitating the design of that network. In this paper, based on natural seepage phenomenon and the percolation theory of complex networks, the robustness of dangerous goods transportation network is defined, and then, from the perspective of wholeness, network connectivity rate is proposed based on graph theory. From the perspective of micro details, they are put forward that the number of percolation nodes, the failure rate of percolation, node capacity, and the percolation damping parameter. Starting from these definitions and the actuality, models are established and the simulation scenario with assumptions is set up. Finally, according to the simulation flow chart, Matlab simulation is adopted. According to the simulation results, we apply qualitative and quantitative analysis to acquiring the influence of the percolation robustness of hazardous goods transportation network for nodes failure with the different node- degree and node- capacity coefficient in emergency conditions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Route Choice Behavior for Urban Rail Transit Considering Transfer Time QIAN Kun, CHEN Yao, MAO Bao-hua 2015, 15(2): 116-121.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1619KB) ( )   Understanding the passengers’behavior of route choice in urban rail transit systems is of great importance to predict the distribution of passenger flow in urban rail transit network. In this paper, the effect of transfer walking time on the perceptive time of passengers is surveyed and the distribution of the perceptive time follows power function. Then, a generalized travel cost model is presented. The improved depth priority searching algorithm is used to attain the effective paths for passengers, and a Logit- based model is developed to estimate the probability of each effective- path to be chosen. Finally, the model and algorithm are verified with the data from the Beijing urban rail transit network. It shows that the proposed model is reasonable and effective by comparing with other models. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling the Shippers' Choice Behavior in Freight Service Based on ICLV Model TAO Xue-zong,ZHANG Rong 2015, 15(2): 122-128.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1629KB) ( )   Ignoring the effect of shippers' cognitive activity on their choice behavior in freight service will cause incorrect model specification and inconsistent estimates. To address the issue, this paper introduces the concept of latent variable to reflect the effect of shipper's cognitive activity on their choice behavior in freight service. Then, a behavioral model for shippers' freight service choice based on integrated choice and latent variable（ICLV）model is established, and the corresponding solution steps are also illustrated. Finally, an empirical analysis is carried out for exported container transport from Nanchang city. The results show that the latent variable has a remarkable effect on shippers' choice behavior in freight service, and the goodness-of-fit and explanatory ability of ICLV-based model are both better than the traditional Logit model. Therefore, the ICLV- based model can be used to analyze shippers' choice behavior in freight service accurately, and to provide theoretical support for transport service improvement and transport policy making. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Commuting Cost Analysis-based Equilibrium Ride Model and System Configuration for Providing Bus Services ZHAO Chuan-Lin, HUANG Hai-Jun 2015, 15(2): 129-134.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1220KB) ( )   Bus priority is one of the important methods to relieve urban congestion. Based on the Wardrop's user equilibrium principle, this paper investigates the riding behavior of commuters who take buses from a living place to a work place in a transit system with feeder- truck lines. The equilibrium bus riding model proposed in this paper incorporates such costs as that associated with average waiting time in the bus stop, invehicle time and transferring time as well as body congestion in buses. The optimal bus frequency is derived in the case of fixed demand. In the elastic demand case, the fare level, bus frequency, the company net profit and the system net benefit are obtained and compared with two types of system configurations, namely system optimum and monopoly by one bus company, respectively. A numerical example is presented to verify the theoretical results which are consistent with classical economics theory. The finding can be helpful in designing the transportation management policies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Road Traffic Congestion Self-evacuation Model Based on Self-organization Theory HU Li-wei, QI Shou-ming, SUN Ya-nan, XUE Gang, QI Li-hui 2015, 15(2): 135-141.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1444KB) ( )   In order to further discuss the way of controlling the road traffic congestion, to provide the theoretical basis and model for mitigating the social problem, and to improve the theory frame of the study of controlling the road traffic congestion, the combination of qualitative and quantitative way is used in this paper. On the basis of analyzing the evolution of road traffic congestion (the process of the formation and dissipation of the road traffic congestion, which includes the process of traffic state from the free-flow to the crowd then to the blocked, and then changes in the opposite direction), it comes to a conclusion that the hysteresis of traffic flow and vehicles obeys Poisson distribution. Furthermore, the order parameter of traffic congestion is determined according to the synergetic of self-organization, and the self-evacuation model of road traffic congestion is built on the basis of minimum time and the optimal path choice in Dijkstra ALG. Finally the paper verifies the validity of the model by the application and analysis of the model. The research result has a certain theoretical significance and practical value for easing the traffic congestion and improving service capability as well as the operating efficiency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Driver’s Hazard Perception under Simulating Risk Driving Scenarios QIN Ya-qin，ZHANG Hong-qiang，XIONG Jian，JIANG Liang-hua 2015, 15(2): 142-148.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1544KB) ( )   The characteristics of the process that the combination of static and dynamic of risk driving scenarios are analyzed, and the definition of the situational risk degree (SRD) of the risk driving scenarios is given. A quantitative evaluation method of the risk degree of risk driving scenarios is put forward based on the traffic conflict analysis technology and subjective evaluation. Taking six typical risk driving scenarios as research objects, the traffic conflicts’analysis for the expert subjects’driving behaviors under the risk driving scenarios are picked up through the driving simulation experiments. Combined with the correction of the subjective evaluation results, a driver's perception ability of human risk identification standard is built. Through analyzing the differences of driving behaviors between different risk driving scenarios, the impact of SRD on driving behavior is verified. The experimental process, method and conclusions in this paper provide theoretical and practical reference for the driver's perceive hazard perception test in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-time Passenger Flow Origin-destination Estimation Model for Urban Rail Transit Network YAO Xiang-ming，ZHAO Peng，YU Dan-dan 2015, 15(2): 149-155.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1741KB) ( )   A short- time passenger flow origin- destination matrix estimation model based on state- space approach is proposed for urban rail transit network. An arrive coefficient is specially defined for establishing the relationship between OD flows and in-and out-flows at stations, using the passengers' travel time distribution through statistical analysis of historical automatic fare collection records, then a structured statespace model using station passenger flow split rate as the state variable is proposed. Finally, a numerical example of Beijing subway network is made. The results show that, when the estimation time interval is 15 minutes, the average relative deviations is 35.5%; if the time interval is 30 minutes, the relative deviations is 20.4%; if the time interval is 60 minutes, the relative deviations is 16.3%. Case study validates that the model meets the request of short-time passenger flow estimation for large-scale urban rail transit network and has strong practicability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bounded-rational Travel Behavior under Traffic Incident LONG Xue-qin,WANG Jian-jun, GUAN Hong-zhi 2015, 15(2): 156-162.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1418KB) ( )   Based on prospect theory, travelers' route choice behavior under traffic incident is studied. First, utility function of travelers' route choice is proposed applying prospect theory, and total travel time is taken as utility, considering probability of traffic incident. Then, after analysis the distribution regularity of utility function, travelers' perception utility is modeled considering the utility obeying continuous random distribution. Through discrete series for continuous function, route choice model is built. A case study is conducted to describe the route choice behavior, and the influence of characteristic of traffic incident to utility and choice result are analyzed, which illustrates that the reference point when perception utility equals to zero is not the expectation of actual utility distribution, less than the expectation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Urban River-crossing Traffic Charging Scheme SHI Ruo-ran, ZHENG Zhen-long 2015, 15(2): 163-168.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1344KB) ( )   Urban river-crossing traffic charging scheme of BOT contains several factors, which include franchise period, time-vary traffic demand and planning charging amount. Based on these crucial factors, pricing scheme is designed as the sum of basic charge fee and congestion taxes, the bi- level mathematical programming is build up with multiple lower- levels. In this mathematical programming, each lower- lever programming, which adopts users' equilibrium model with elastic traffic demand, represents one identical hour in a day; the upper-level programming maximizes the consumer surplus. In this model, congestion taxes are encapsulated into the river-crossing fee so that the latter could adaptively change with crowding status. Numerical analysis shows that when basic fee increases，the total charging amount will first increase then decrease and approach to zero, and consumer surplus will decrease and approach to zero as well. Such patterns would result in a connected feasible interval of basic fee. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-objective Single Line Transit Mixed Scheduling Model Considering Express Bus Service WEI Ming,CHEN Xue-wu,SUN Bo 2015, 15(2): 169-174.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1285KB) ( )   In the case with a given numbers of vehicles, a multi-objective single line transit mixed scheduling model is proposed to simultaneously adjust the frequency of full length and express bus and determine a sequence of stations passed by express bus. The goal is to minimize a total of waiting time for all passengers and maximize corporate profit, by considering many realistic constraints such as a site of stranded passengers and their service level etc. According to characteristics of the problem, the weighted method is used to design heuristic algorithm to solve the problem, and their noninferior solutions are obtained, by introducing the concept for estimated value of passenger's travel time. Finally, a numerical example is taken to reveal the relationship of the frequency, the screening strategy and its cost, and analyze impact of service levels, expect congestion and other bus parameters on its best scheme. Furthermore, the proposed model is compared with the optimized single scheduling method to verify model and its algorithm' correctness and effectiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatio-temporal Correlation Analysis of Urban Traffic Congestion Diffusion ZHANG Jing, REN Gang 2015, 15(2): 175-183.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1702KB) ( )   The formation and dissipation processes of urban traffic congestions are influenced by shocking waves of different cycles inside the traffic flow. The original factors that lead to traffic congestions are very complicated, the modelling is therefore difficult. This is the main reason that research works about the spatiotemporal dissipation effects for congestions are eventually stopped at the level of qualitative analysis. Some quantitative analysis can be successfully done based on the measured traffic data. However, rare effective knowledge extraction methods can be found to deal with data containing information about multiple time scales and granularities, which however is important to correlation analysis and the direct use of original data leads to unstationary signal features and opposite observation conclusions when putting the data into the discussion of given time scales. Focused on the analysis of spatio-temporal correlation of traffic parameters in congestion areas, a new analyzing method is developed and used based on Pearson's correlation index, which decomposes a measured road speed trajectory into trend and detail components in different time scales. The initial verification and application of this method and the corresponding data segmentation algorithm show the quantitative characteristics of the congestion diffusion in time and space by observing the variation of correlation status. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Location Model for Taxi Stands Based on Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Taxi Pick-ups and Drop-offs JIN Lei, XIE Bing-lei 2015, 15(2): 182-188.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2325KB) ( )   In order to regulate taxi operation, improve waiting environment and promote taxi management benefit, a location method considering travel demands is proposed. In this paper, the spatial-temporal hotspot of travel demands are defined, and the aggregation characteristics of travel demands are analyzed through taxi GPS data, as well as hot-periods and hot-spots of travel demands are gotten. Based on travel demands, a maximal covering location model is constructed. Combined with the uncertainty of travel behavior and consumption characteristics of customers, the applicable conditions of the model in the aspect of service ability, distance and quantities are analyzed. The results of case study indicated that, location method based on the objective characteristics and with high practicability can better correspond to travel demands. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimating Passenger Choice Preference of Railway Based on Censored Sales Data LUO Yong-ji, LIU Jun, MAMin-shu 2015, 15(2): 189-194.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1207KB) ( )   A deep study of demand is the basis for passenger transportation marketing. With an increasing attention of passenger choice behavior in recent years, most of the studies estimate passenger preference based on investigation data. In this paper, sales data is utilized to estimate passenger preference. First, a likelihood function considering the availability of products during the sales period is proposed. Since the formulated likelihood is an incomplete-data function, Expectation-Maximization (EM) method is used to solve the incomplete- data problem. An empirical study is taken to analyze the choice preference of highspeed trains for the OD market Xuzoudong to Nanjingnan. As the sales data is convenient to obtain compared to investigation data, this research is meaningful for supporting the daily marketing of railway department. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Railway Freight Option Pricing Model with Jump-diffusion Process GUO Jing-wei，PENG Qi-yuan 2015, 15(2): 195-202.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1361KB) ( )   In order to depict the fluctuations in railway freight option pricing strategy caused by the nonmarketing uncertainty which arrive at random discrete time points. A multi-phase trigeminal tree pricing model is established with jump diffusion process, then the transformation of martingale measure is carried out using Girasol theorem effectively which can simplify the solution of the nonlinear discrete jump process, and then the railway freight option pricing problem is researched with jump diffusion process. The case study illustrates that the jumping frequency has nonlinear relationship with the relevant parameters. And this paper presents that option price is more sensitive than the jumping frequency which has a monotonic relationship with it than exercise price and optimal ordering quantity of option, which has monotonously correlation with it. Meanwhile, with the marketing digestion ability to jump information and the risk bearing capacity enhance, the optimal ordering quantity of option gradually inclined to stable, no longer when it has great changes with the increasing of jumping frequency. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bi-level Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Three-dimensional Container Loading Problem with Balancing Constrains ZHU Xiang,LEI Ding-you 2015, 15(2): 203-209.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1373KB) ( )   Based on a framed-layout concept, a bi-level hybrid genetic algorithm (BHGA) is presented for the three-dimensional container loading problem (3DCLP) with balancing constraints. Firstly, the concept of core block and its generation tactics are proposed according to the freight characters. Then a construction process adapt to the balance loading is introduced combined with the concepts of extreme-point and anchordistance. Based on the initial frame and the co- evolution of internal and external searches of BHGA, the optimal placement for the freights can be determined. Lastly, the approach is tested on standard benchmark test data and is compared with the existed researches involving balance constrains. The results demonstrate that it is effective in improving the space use rate and balance level of the center gravity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cascading Failures Simulation of Road Networks Based on Bayesian Network Inference LIU Xin-quan 2015, 15(2): 210-215.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1570KB) ( )   The characteristics of road networks cascading failures are studied to other complex networks. The evolution of mechanism and process of road networks cascading failures are studied by integrating travel prior experience and travel information based on Bayesian network inference. The Bayesian network structure of road network is generated by MATLAB program. The driver's perception of road properties change is learned based on the MATLAB program of Bayesian network parameter learning. We design the simulation algorithms and simulate the effects of different travel prior experiences and travel information by Bayesian network inference to the road network properties and cascading failures. The results show that Bayesian network inference can better reflect the quantitative impact of link choice on road network cascading failures. The research provides new idea and method for the study of cascading failures. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Time Reliability Analysis of Multi-modal Transportation Networks TAO Jun-jie，ZHANG Yong 2015, 15(2): 216-222.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1671KB) ( )   A bus arrival time iterative expression is established under assumption of stoachastic travel time and bus dwell time at stops, and then the time reliability calculation method is presented based on bus arrival time in a multi-mode transport network of car and bus. A multi-modal transportation network equilibrium model with time reliability and its solution algorithm are both proposed and applied to a multi-mode network and a bus route. The results show that bus lanes and higher bus frequency both could improve the time reliability of bus, bus split and time reliability of car, but the latter will also increase the probability of bus bunching; the higher spacing of bus stops will reduce the rate of bus split, but will increase probability of bus bunching; when more bus stations added to a bus route, bus time reliability and bus split will decrease, especially the bus split in the downstream bus routes decrease significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Evaluation Method on Taxi Booking APP in Beijing WANG Jia-chuan 2015, 15(2): 223-231.  Abstract ( )   PDF (3084KB) ( )   Nowadays using taxi booking app with Smartphone is a new way to take a taxi and it becomes more and more popular in Beijing. A data process model is put forward and the orders of taxi booking app is analyzed to find out the timely and spatial characteristics, such as night- peak, a low on Saturday and high instantaneity, linear increasement with ring-roads, and non-uniformity of kernel density spatially. This paper also studies the evaluation method of taxi booking app based on its comparison with the basic indexes of taxi management, and evaluates application effect of two periods. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Decision Behavior during Interval for Pedestrian Signal at Signalized Intersection ZHANG Hui-ling,WANG Yi, AO Gu-chang 2015, 15(2): 232-237.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1566KB) ( )   The object of this study is to analyze the main factors influencing the pedestrian's behavior during the pedestrian interval time under different showing condition at signalized intersection, and set up the model to predict the pedestrian's behavior at the interval time. The video and questionnaire survey methods are used in the study. The videos recorded the pedestrian crossing behavior at three intersections in Chongqing, China. And the pedestrian's choice behavior of crossing intersection was investigated at the interval time under different showing conditions. Simultaneously, the intercept survey is used to complete the questionnaire through inquiring the crossing pedestrian. The theory of planned behavior(TPB) is used in designing the questionnaire, and the verification of reliability and validity of the questionnaire proves that it can reflect decision-making mechanism of pedestrian behavior. The study results indicate that the pedestrian behavior at the pedestrian interval time is mainly influenced by the attitude. Then, the Pearson chi-square test is used to analyze the pedestrian's choice factors. According to the results of analyzing, the binary Logistic model is set up to predict the pedestrian's behavior at the interval time. References | Related Articles | Metrics