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25 June 2015, Volume 15 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Influence of Usage Rate of Taxi-hailing Apps on Urban Taxi Social Welfare CAO Yia, TAO Hong-yu, LUO Xia 2015, 15(3): 1-6.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1398KB) ( )   In order to quantize the influence of taxi-hailing apps on urban taxi social welfare, including taxi surplus and passenger surplus, a taxi demand function with Cobe-Douglas form is constructed, and a vacancy mileage model considering with the influence of the usage rate of taxi-hailing apps is established to determine the taxis surplus and passenger surplus. When the model is applied to Chengdu taxi market, taxis surplus and passengers surplus are 23% up and 6.4% down, and the social welfare is down 3%. This paper testifies the validity and convenience of the proposed methods by an example in Chengdu, which can reflect reality of operation efficiency and offer some beneficial guidance and theoretic basis to the planning and management of urban taxi-hailing apps. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Mechanism on Activity-travel Interaction of Urban Household HE Bao-hong, LIU yang, GAO Liang-peng, XU wei 2015, 15(3): 7-12.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1290KB) ( )   Study on the interaction in one family is an important perspective in the interpretation for individual activity- travel decision. Usually, people's activity- travel pattern is not a simple output of individual choice behavior and often influenced by surrounding environment, resources, and/or decisions of other people’s activity-travel. In fact, every person plays a fixed role in their family and he/she will make the travel decisions considering the needs of family members. So this paper aims to concern the interactions that born in the multi- activity or multi- person of the urban unclear families and proposes the new concepts of “activity restrict degree”and“activity constraint niches”to quantify the degree of space-time constraint under the view of time geography. A structural equation model is used to analysis the intra-household interactions though people’s activity-travel pattern in workdays. The result indicates that the linkage between family members is the behavioral responses while compared the constraints between individual and other family members. The household interaction constraints not only influence the selection of individual travel, but also reflect in the delivery of household activity model among the different people. Furthermore, the essence of interactions is a reasonable adjustment by household company or mutual aids and then to find out a more efficient pattern to meet the demand of household activities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Boarding Choice for High-speed Railway Passengers Based on Disaggregate Theory WANGWen-xian, NI Shao-quan, LV Hong-xia, GUO Jing-wei 2015, 15(3): 13-18.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1420KB) ( )   In order to comprehend the boarding choice mechanism of railway passengers, this paper analyzes major factors on the base of disaggregate discrete choice theory. Referring to the survey data of travel of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway in 2013, three travel ways including G and D high-speed trains are selected as a alternative set, and characteristic variables affecting mode choice and the method of getting its values are determined, then a multinomial Logit model (MNL) is developed finally. The model’s parameters are calibrated by applying SPSS. The results show that passengers on business with government scholarship and higher monthly income prefer G high-speed trains, and passengers on visit with own scholarship and lower monthly income prefer D high-speed trains. This completion is consistent with the survey results. Finally, model’s validity is testified by calculating the hit ratio and other parameters. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Parking Space Allocation and Pricing Based on Stackelberg Game ZHU Cheng-juan，JIA Bin，HAN Ling-hui 2015, 15(3): 19-24.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1231KB) ( )   When the government owns all the parking space, three-stage Stackelberg models is introduced to solve the parking space allocation and parking pricing problem. The objective of the government is to minimize the total social cost and that of the private firm is to maximize profit. The government decides how many parking spaces management right are transferred to private firms in the first stage. Then, the government and private firms determine the parking fee at the same time based on the parking space allocation. At the final stage, travelers make their mode choice and route choice by considering the parking fees. Numerical examples are presented to compare and analyze the influence of different traffic management strategies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Location Model of Transfer Hub in Clustered Cities REN Qi-liang,WANG Kun, SUN Feng-rui 2015, 15(3): 25-30.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1573KB) ( )   When monadic analytic and multivariate optimisation analysis are used for selecting location of transfer hub in clustered cities, they may have some defects that the results may center on individual cluster. This model consideres the interaction and feedback between transfer hub layout and transport network construction, transfer hub layout and the network traffic flow. The minimum total cost of road network and the maximum relation intensity between clusters are taken as the upper- level model. The user equilibrium traffic assignment model is taken as the lower- level model. A genetic algorithm to solve the model is also designed. The results of an example shows that when uses in a clustered city composed of two clusters and twenty nodes with the condition of at most only one transfer hub being located in each cluster, the GA algorithm needed twenty seconds less than the SAB algorithm. The computational results validate the correctness in the problem description and effectiveness in the solution time of the proposed model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Collaborative Transportation Profit Distribution in Consideration of Discount Factor in Civil Aviation Market JIANG Chao，HU Rong，LI Dong-ya 2015, 15(3): 31-36.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1348KB) ( )   To explore the influence of the discount factor in collaborative transportation profit distribution of civil aviation, and to get the more reasonable profit distribution scheme, the bargain model in consideration of the discount factor is established, and by using backward induction, the optimal allocation scheme of profit distribution is under classified discussion when the discount factor is under different value range, then the feasibility of optimal allocation scheme is verified through numerical simulation. The research results show that the discount factor has obvious influence on collaborative transportation profit distribution of civil aviation and the stability of cooperation. When the participants' discount factor are unequal, the one whose discount factor is bigger should abandon the“first- call”right which will bring a “win- win”for two participants. Meanwhile the other one whose discount factor is smaller has higher sensitivity in changes between the discount factor and profit distribution proportion. When the participants' discount factor are equal, the participants' offers should be within a certain range to ensure the stability of collaborative transportation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Station Level Transit Ridership Direct Estimation Model Based on Precise Land Use WANG Shu-wei，SUN Li-shan，HAO Si-yuan，RONG Jian 2015, 15(3): 37-43.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1344KB) ( )   The existing transit ridership models describe land use with indexes such as population, employment and land use area, these indexes can' t describe the diversity and complexity of land use development, thus make it difficult to reveal the influence mechanism of mixed land use on travel demand. This paper quantifies the precise land use characteristics of Beijing transit station catchment areas using POIs (points of interest) extract from an electronic map. Through the regression analysis of precise land use and transit station boarding volume, a direct ridership model is built based on the influence mechanism analysis of land use, traffic and location factors on transit ridership. Following validation shows the prediction accuracy of the proposed model meets expectation, reveals the strong correlation between land use and transit ridership. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reasonable Work-division Principles and Optimizing Models between Passenger Dedicated Lines and Existing Lines CAO Yao-qian, LI Xia-miao, QI Shan, HU Xiao-ping 2015, 15(3): 37-43.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1228KB) ( )   Work-division directly influences convenient travel of passengers and railway operating benefit, between existing lines and paralleling passenger dedicated lines. Based on welfare economics, the social and economic influence of reasonable work-division between the passengers dedicated line and the existing one is analyzed. It is demonstrated that reasonable work-division should be the Pareto improving process, and a reasonable scheme is to bring about Pareto optimal condition that let lines be used. As a result, Principles of work- division combined equity and efficiency are put forward. According to the analysis conclusion, an optimal model is established based on revenue maximization of railway enterprise and passengers. Then, an advance solution method and schemes are also present in the guidance of optimal conditions and heuristic algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Pedestrian Detection Method under Time-space Data Fusion Based on Laser and Video Information ZHANG Rong-hui，LI Fu-liang，ZHOU Xi，JIANG Tong-hai，YOU Feng，XU Jian-min，YANG San-qiang 2015, 15(3): 49-55.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2113KB) ( )   A pedestrian detection method based on laser and video information fusion is proposed concerning the pedestrian safety problem in urban traffic. Laser data are projected to image coordinate system through spatial and temporal combination of laser and video data. In the process of laser clustering, Kmeans clustering algorithm is adopted to conduct clustering analysis on laser point clouds, while pedestrian width model is employed to extract candidate pedestrian region. In the process of pedestrian detection, characteristic part of pedestrian such as head-shoulders, body and legs are selected, and Haar-like feature is adopted and trained through Boosting algorithm. The obtained part detector is used to detect pedestrian, deciding the validity of candidate pedestrian region through composition strategy based on Bayesian decision. The result of the experiment shows that the proposed algorithm has preferable real-time and detection performance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Cellular Automata Model Considering Attractive Incidents CHEN Yan-yan, CHEN Ning,WANG Yang, FENG Guo-chen 2015, 15(3): 56-63.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2295KB) ( )   Due to the lack of modelling pedestrian behaviors under the incidents that attract pedestrians, this paper proposes a new cellular automaton model aiming to reproduce the behaviors induced by such attractive incidents. When attractive incidents occur, the proposed model will classify the pedestrians into four groups: unaffected, stopped and circusee (i.e. surround and watch) and circusee-leave pedestrians. The dynamics of unaffected type is same as that under normal circumstances. The stopped type represents the pedestrian is somewhat interested in the attractive incident. Its dynamics is determined by stopped utility which can make the pedestrian stop for a while. The circusee type represents pedestrians who show strong interest in the attractive incidents and are intended to move closer to the venue and gain more knowledge. Its dynamics is determined by circusee utility. The circusee-leave type represents the pedestrian that loses interest and wants to leave the crowd. Its dynamics is determined by circusee- leave utility. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can reflect the surface and internal characteristic of pedestrian gathering. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term Traffic Flow Forecasting Model Based on Few Data Cloud Inference YANG Jin-wei, XIAO Xin-ping, GUO Jin-hai, MAO Shu-hua 2015, 15(3): 64-69.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1358KB) ( )   Concerning the fuzziness and randomness characteristics and quasi-periodic regularity in shortterm traffic flow, a short-term traffic flow forecasting model is developed using grey relational analysis and few data cloud inference. Firstly, according to quasi-periodic regularity in short-term traffic flow, the most similar sequence in the history is extracted by gray relational analysis. Then, the backward cloud algorithm of few data is developed, which establishes the mechanism of one-dimensional cloud reasoning of traffic flow sequence. Finally, the prediction cloud is generated by a one-dimensional cloud inference of historical and current information. The results show that this model is used in forecasting short-term traffic flows and the accuracy is considerably improved. This proposed model solves the confirmation of forward cloud parameters under few data conditions, reducing the data processing workload and extending the application scope of the traditional cloud model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dilemma Zone of Urban Intersection Based on Effect of Flashing Green SHEN Jia-jun,WANGWei 2015, 15(3): 70-74.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1543KB) ( )   In order to enhance intersection safety, dilemma zone is studied based on the microscope driving characteristics of vehicles on the intersection approach. The critical position and boundary of dilemma zone is determined based on the curves of crossing and stopping decisions of vehicles, the probability of being caught in dilemma zone is calculated out, the relations of dilemma zone between the length of flashing green and speed limitation are analyzed. The results of a case study indicate that the dilemma zone is 48 m away from stop line when the speed limitation is 50 km/h, and the vehicles would not be caught in the dilemma zone, of which speed is not over 56 km/h when the existing flashing green length is 2.56 s. The study of dilemma zone is helpful in designing reasonable length of flashing green and speed limitation, and eliminates negative effect of dilemma zone, and provides theoretical support for traffic control. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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DSRC Network Design for Improving Observability and Controllability ZHANG Ji-sheng,WANG Xiao-jing, NIU Shu-yun, JIA Li-min, ZHANG Fan 2015, 15(3): 75-81.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1479KB) ( )   Recently, the freeway electronic toll collection system will achieve national wide connected. This large- scale connected system brings several new challenges and opportunities to the freeway traffic operation and management. It can provide both a reliable way to obtain the freeway traffic states and a vehicle-infrastructure interactive platform with considerable converge, which can achieve cooperative traffic management and control and traffic service level improving. In this paper, the concept models of network observability and controllability are proposed firstly. According to the two-way interaction feature of DSRC equipment, a multi- objective optimization model is proposed, minimize the measurement error based on network observability model and minimize travel time based on network controllability model. In the end, the feasibility and validity of the model is verified through the numerical example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Road Conditions on Car Drivers Fixation Behavior with On-road Vehicle Tests MAYong, FU Rui, MENG Ni, GUO Ying-shi, YUANWei 2015, 15(3): 82-88.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1806KB) ( )   To analyze the impacts of road conditions on car driver’s fixation behavior, 20 drivers’eye movement data and fixation behaviors are tested and recorded by EyeLink Ⅱ eye movement tracker in the condition of driving on urban roads, suburban roads and mountainous highways. Drivers’fixation behavior characteristics in different types of road conditions are studied. The results indicate that, drivers adjust their visual search behavior according to the changes of road environment. When driving in relatively simple road traffic environment, drivers watch farther and the mean fixation duration is shorter, while in complex environment, drivers watch closer and the mean fixation duration is longer. The findings laid experimental basis for in-depth study of driver visual behavior laws and traffic safety. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anti-rollover Control for Heavy-duty Vehicles Based on Model Prodictive Control HE Yi, CHU Duan-feng,WU Chao-zhong, YAN Xin-ping 2015, 15(3): 89-99.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2439KB) ( )   The heavy-duty vehicles have high gravity-center, narrow track and large size, therefore the rollover limit value is lower than other kinds of vehicles, which may easy to cause rollover accidents. A 3- DOF rollover and control model is established for HDVs and the LTR index is proposed to predict the vehicle rollover. Then, the state-space equation of anti-rollover control system is built based on model prediction control(PMC). The side slip angle and yaw rate is seen to be state variable in the control system. The additional yaw moment can be coordinated by differential braking control model. Finally, the program is compiled based on the Trucksim/Simulink platform. The results show that the anti- rollover control system proposed can prevent the vehicle rollover effectively and enhance the driving performance of the vehicle on effectiveness and timeliness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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System Partition of Urban Arterials Based on Bandwidth Maximization TANG Xiao-jun，ZHAO Sheng-chuan，ZHANG Li-hui 2015, 15(3): 100-106.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1260KB) ( )   A system partition model for urban arterials is proposed based on classical MAXBAND model. The model divides the whole arterial into several subsystems, each with three to six signalized intersections. Each subsystem is optimized individually to achieve maximum two-way bandwidth. The through traffic in different subsystems is provided average green bandwidth as equal as possible. Genetic Algorithm is applied to solve the model, the optimal results implies that intersections with critical cycle length or large spacing is the partitioning point. Compared to the plan generated by Synchro, the one produced by the proposed model increases the average progression efficiency by 27.8%. CORSIM simulation is conducted to compare the performance of signal timing plans generated by the proposed model and Synchro respectively, and results analysis indicates that compared to the plan generated by latter one, the one produces by former one resulted in better performance indexes, such as average delay, average speed and stops. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oversaturation Control-based Model for Evacuation Network Optimization REN Gang, WU Jian-bo, HUA Jing-yi, YAO Meng-jia, ZHANG Min-qin 2015, 15(3): 107-113.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1708KB) ( )   A large number of evacuation demands emerged in a short time under the emergency condition. In order to improve the applicability of optimal network design model, the concept of oversaturation of network is proposed. Combined with comprehensive traffic management strategy under emergency conditions, a bi-level network optimal model with oversaturation control is established. The up-level model minimizes the oversaturation of evacuation network with comprehensive traffic management as the goal of traffic organizers, while the low-level model applies user equilibrium model to mimic the evacuation routes choice behavior of evacuees. A Tabu Search (TS- based) solution method is used to solve the optimization model. The numerical tests with Sioux Falls network validated the applicability of the bi-level programming model. And the results show that the new model can make the best use of network capacity as well as determine the optimizing traffic management plan with better applicability under emergency evacuation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal Transfer of Intercity Railway Train Diagram LI Zhi, ZHANG Qi, YUAN Zhi-ming 2015, 15(3): 114-119.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1250KB) ( )   The intercity railway in urban circles is one of the key parts of China’s railway development in the future. The transfer waiting time of intercity railway transfer is an important factor influencing the satisfaction of passengers. Therefore, when establishing the intercity railway train diagram, reducing the transfer waiting time of passengers and trying not to make passengers to miss their transfer should be taken into consideration. This paper makes a concrete analysis of the transfer process，puts forward probability distributions of the train delay time and passenger transfer walking time and calculates the transfer waiting time. Based on the periodic event schedule problem model (PESP), a model based on optimal transfer is put forward and applied to a case study. The result shows that the train diagram developed by the model can effectively reduce the transfer waiting time, thereby improving the satisfaction of passengers. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Metro Operation Coordination Based on Network Simulation JIANG Xi, SUN Jie-ping, ZHANG Chi, LI Yuan-pei, MIAO Jian-rui 2015, 15(3): 120-126.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1725KB) ( )   The quantitative analysis method of metro network operation coordination is researched from the perspective of the overall network system. For the dynamic, uncertain and multi- factor dynamically associating characteristics of metro operation status, the operation coordination is analyzed based on network passenger flow distribution state, by using network operation simulation technology. The coordination analysis method based on multi-level capacity-matching-demand is studied, and the network operation coordination analytical indexes are built from two aspects of the capacity-demand balance between network transportation units and the transfer service levels, and the computing method of coordination indexes based on distribution entropy is introduced. The experimental methods and processes for analyzing the coordination based on the metro mesoscopic network simulation model are studied. Finally, a case study is conducted by taking Beijing subway as an example. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation for Transit Capacity of a Multi-bridge Waterway XUWu-xiong,CHU Xiu-min,LIU Xing-long 2015, 15(3): 127-133.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1661KB) ( )   Simulation models of vessel traffic flow in a multi- bridge waterway are proposed in order to determine transit capacity of the waterway. The multi- bridge waterway belonging to the Yangtze River in Wuhan is as the research case. Firstly, a large number of historical data about vessel traffic flow are collected and the data are analyzed using statistical methods to obtain traffic flow characteristic; secondly, the simulation models are present involving a vessel generating model based on the Monte Carlo method, a queue model, a route model and a vessel movement model; thirdly, the simulation system is developed and the models are validated; finally, the transit capacity of the waterway is determined by simulation. The results show that the proposed simulation models are feasible and effective, under the present navigational conditions the transit capacity of the waterway is much greater than the actual vessel traffic flow; in the safe speed range the transit capacity can significantly be improved if vessel velocities are increased and the effect of waterway depths on upbound and downbound vessels is with obvious difference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Spectral Analysis Applied in Road Travel Time Multi Step Prediction DENG Ming-jun, QU Shi-ru，QIN ming 2015, 15(3): 134-139.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1356KB) ( )   Road multi interval travel time forecasting data is an important parameter for dynamic traffic guidance system. But previously developed models have some deficiency, such as bad adaptability, large amount of calculation needing and many history data requirement. Applied the decomposition, reconstruction of spectral analysis and Karhunen-Loeve (K-L) transform method to decompose and reconstruct the history and current detection travel time series. Euclidean distance is used to measure the closeness between current and historical travel time series, by the means of optimization the eigenvector coefficient to make those more closely history series has the more weight in the reconstruction and then gain the goal of road travel time multi step forecasting. The case study suggest that, the proposed method can fulfill multi step road travel time prediction and has a good prediction accuracy, some better than the previous method, furthermore, a fewer history data and calculation resources needing. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Method of Public Transit Network Planning Based on Strategy Equilibrium Transit Assignment XU Guang-ming，SHI Feng，LUO Xiang，QIN Jin 2015, 15(3): 140-145.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1329KB) ( )   The rail passenger transfer network is used to describe the bus transfer network of the peak period, on which equilibrium analysis of passenger travelling choice behavior is made based on the strategy equilibrium transit assignment. Considering the interests of passengers and the bus companies, a bi- level programming model of public transit network planning is established. Simulated annealing algorithm is designed to solve the model, through seven searching methods: deleting routes, generating routes, substituting routes, extending routes, curtailing routes, combining routes and dismantling routes to search the neighborhood solutions. The example shows that the model and algorithm are well efficient for optimizing the public transit network. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Continuous Transportation Network Design Problem with Considering of Speed Limit SUN Fei，LONG Jian-cheng 2015, 15(3): 146-151.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1473KB) ( )   This paper proposes a bi-objective continuous transportation network design problem with considering of speed limit. The efficiency of traffic network and reduce the network environment pollution are improved by reasonable road capacity enhancing and speed limit strategy. A bi-objective bi-level programming model is developed to formulate the proposed network design problem. The upper level problem aims to minimize both the summation of the total system travel time and the total investment, and the cost of total vehicle emissions from the viewpoint of traffic managers, and obtains the optimal road capacity enhancing scheme and the optimal speed limiting scheme for different time periods. Based on user equilibrium(UE) theory, the lower level problem represents travelers' route choice behavior during different time periods. A genetic algorithm based on non-dominated sorting method is designed to solve the bi-level programming model. Finally, numerical examples are developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm proposed in this paper. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two-stage Combined Location Model of Railway Emergency Service Facility JIANG Xiu-shan，ZHANG Gan，KUANG Min 2015, 15(3): 152-159.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1621KB) ( )   Based on the analyses of the emergency demand point with interval characteristics, the traditional one-stage location model is improved and a two-stage model considering both the emergency service fairness and response time is proposed for the location problem of railway emergency service facility under the situation when the candidate points are unknown and the number of facility needs to be built. The validity of the model and algorithm is verified by case study. For the candidate points are unknown and facility number is known, the emergency service radius is reduced by 21.7% , and the difference of emergency service level is decreased by 35.8%, which improved the emergency service level of the whole system. The two-stage combined location model proposed in this paper is not only applicable to the location problems of railway emergency service facility of local area, but also suitable for those of nationwide. In the meantime, the model is also suitable for the location problems with unknown candidate points and given construction location numbers, as well as the multi-objective optimization ones with multiple alternatives. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Model and Algorithm for Bus Gas Station Site Layout Optimization Problem WEI Ming, CHEN Xue-wu, SUN Bo 2015, 15(3): 160-165.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1224KB) ( )   For the imbalance in time and space of refueling vehicles which belonged to different routes, a multiple objective model is studied for bus gas station site layout optimization to meet many realistic constraints such as vehicle’s travel, lining up to fuel at gas station, and influence of gas station’s location on bus operation, etc., by assuming that each gas station is looked as a multi-server queuing system. Previous objective is to minimize a total of cost for building gas stations, and secondary objective aims at minimizing fueling fee for all vehicles. According to characteristic of the model, it is converted into a single objective programming problem with constraint method. A design of genetic algorithm, which redesigns a solution coding, heuristic procedure to initialize chromosomes randomly, etc., is proposed to obtain the model’s noninferior solutions. Finally, a numerical example is taken to calculate its best scheme and analyze influence of gas station’s fueling capacity on them, which shows model and its algorithm’correctness and effectiveness. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Size Calculation for Vehicle Access Downstream Functional Area of Large Public Building ZHUO Xi, ZHENG Ke, LU Yin-feng 2015, 15(3): 166-171.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1378KB) ( )   To quantify the vehicle access traffic impact area of large public buildings, assuming access rightturn traffic conflict area as its downstream functional area, traffic impact characteristics of access downstream functional area size are analyzed. Further, with following right- turn vehicle location in traffic conflicts taken as the right- turn conflict distribution point, access right- turn conflict distribution point real coordinate formulas based on the photogrammetry method are proposed, in order to measure the right-turn conflict area. Then through curve fitting right-turn conflict coordinate points, boundary points of right-turn conflict area are defined, so that the access downstream functional area size model is determined. Finally, one large public building vehicle access is taken as an example for result trial calculation and simulation validation. Verification results show that, urban street traffic delay in the access downstream functional area has the large value, and delay values have rapid increase and slow decrease changing states successively, which fits the right- turn conflict area shape and size features. Therefore access functional area size model based on the right-turn conflict area shape could define the large public building access impact area, which is good for urban street microscopic traffic organization optimization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Adverse Weather Classification Considering the Traffic Flow Influence Degree at Intersections WENG Jian-cheng,WANG Ru, LIU Li-li, RONG Jian 2015, 15(3): 172-178.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1507KB) ( )   The traffic flow at signal intersection shows different characteristics due to the influence of adverse weather. Setting specific signal control scheme in adverse weather conditions is an important way to reduce its negative influence on the traffic. The signal intersections of different types and scales in Beijing are selected as the investigation spots in this study. Based on the weather data and traffic flow data obtained from video detectors through the months of April 2012 and February 2013, the characteristics of indicators including saturation headway, saturation flow rate and start- up lost time in different intensities of adverse weather are analyzed. The relationship models between the indicators and the precipitation are established by significance testing and regression modeling. Consequently, the influence of the rain and snow on the traffic flow of intersections is described quantitatively. Finally, the adverse weather is classified into four grades based on its influence degree on the intersection traffic. These traffic flow characteristics in every grade of adverse weather provide applicable parameters for the optimization of traffic control scheme. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of Public Bicycle as Means of Access/Egress for Metro ZHOU Qiang，WU Ge，SUN Han 2015, 15(3): 179-184.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1726KB) ( )   This paper aims to estimate various factors influencing the usage of public bicycle as means of access to or egress from metro. By analyzing the smart-card data from the public bicycle system of Suzhou, the statistical test implies that bicycles at depots located near a metro station are much more frequently shared and their average trip time is shorter and more dispersed than those at other depots. The data gained from the questionnaire survey in the city show that regular users of public bicycle possess better education and higher income than rare users and non-users. A multi-Logit model is also developed to predict access/ egress mode choice behaviors for metro. The result reveals that riding time of modes obviously affects the choice. Furthermore traveler’s attributes such as age, profession, and trip purpose significantly influence their choice for public bicycle. It is also proved that regular users similarly prefer a public bicycle for connecting metro, while non-users are inclined for buses or walking. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Meteorological Data Accuracy on Hump Height Design ZHANG Hong-liang, YANG Hao, XIA Sheng-li 2015, 15(3): 185-189.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1295KB) ( )   The meteorological data is very important in hump design work. In the code for design on hump and marshalling yard of railway, monthly meteorological data is used for hump design temperature and wind speed calculation. In this paper, daily meteorological data is used in 49 humps’design temperature and wind speed calculation. The result shows that the temperature with daily meteorological data is 1.34 ℃, 0.94 ℃ lower than monthly meteorological data in south and north area, and the wind speed is 1.29m/s, 1.15m/s higher than monthly meteorological data and the amplification is more than 30%. Then, the paper analyzes the reason in theory and verified with the meteorological data of San Jianfang marshalling station. Confidence probability analyzing shows that the confidence probability of hump design wind speed and temperature with daily meteorological data is almost the same with expected, with only 1.826% of the maximum difference, but the hump design wind speed with monthly meteorological data is large, with 18.743% of minimum difference. Then, the impact on hump height design is studied with daily meteorological data and monthly meteorological data, and the problem that the hump height is lower than expected with monthly meteorological data is revealed. At last, the suggestions that daily meteorological data should be used in hump design wind speed and temperature calculation at least, and the code for design on hump and marshalling yard of railway should be revised is proposed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Level of Service Classification and Quantification for Bus Waiting Time on Commuting Trip LV Shen, TAO Liu-yang, MO Yi-kui 2015, 15(3): 190-195.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1465KB) ( )   It is one of vitally important factors that waiting time can directly impact on the attraction of bus systems for commuting trip. Rational division of the waiting time service level is helpful to improve performance service quality of bus systems. By passenger interview, psychological change process waiting for the bus is obtained. Based on the passenger psychological characteristics, the passenger waiting time is divided into four levels of service, such as Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The interval between each level of service is determined by developing membership grade and according to the maximum principal of membership grade. Based on the stated preference survey, waiting time value models for each level of service are put up applying the disaggregate theory and passenger perceived waiting time is quantified with waiting time value according to passenger paying intention in order to discover the differences of the passenger perceived waiting time on the each level of service and variational regularities with income and the level of service. Results indicate that not only the perceived waiting time on the level of service Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ is respectively 50%, near 300% and 540% up compared with level of serviceⅠ, but also on the level of service Ⅰ and Ⅳ the perceived waiting time by the various income communities is little differentiated, but on the contrary on the level of service Ⅱand Ⅲ. It may provide important scientific support with making performance service quality standards for passenger, optimizing operation dispatching scheme and promoting the attraction of bus systems. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of VSP Distributions of Light-duty and Heavyduty Vehicles on Freeway ZHAO Qi, YU Lei, SONG Guo-hua 2015, 15(3): 196-203.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2070KB) ( )   Vehicle specific power (VSP) has become an essential parameter in the measurements of vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. In the existing fuel consumption and emission models, the micro-scale fuel consumption and emission estimation is conducted by a combination of VSP distributions and fuel consumption or emissions rates. To associate the traffic performance with fuel consumption and emissions, the relationship between VSP distributions of light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and the average travel speed on the urban road was constructed in earlier studies. This paper is intended to study characteristics of VSP distributions for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles on the freeway using a case study. First, the field data are collected for a LDV and a HDV on the freeway, by which the VSP distributions are developed. Then, a comparison of VSP distributions for the LDV and HDV is conducted. Finally, an analysis is conducted to determine the errors in estimating the HDV fuel consumption by using the VSP distributions of the LDV and the fuel consumption rates in MOVES. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling High-occupancy/toll Lanes in US FANWen-bo 2015, 15(3): 204-213.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2454KB) ( )   High occupancy/toll lanes (HOT) have become an increasingly popular countermeasure to manage the highway congestion in US. In order to draw lessons from the experiences and theories of HOT lanes, the paper presents the concept and literature of HOT lanes, and then establishes a bi- level programming model to simulate the interactions between the HOT lane operators and users. The upper-level model simulates how the operators develop the pricing strategies with various objectives, and the lower-level model addresses how the individual travelers respond to the price strategies and traffic conditions. The paper designs eighteen scenarios to analyze the highway performances of various HOT operations. Results show that, HOT lanes show better congestion-mitigating effects than the conventional measures; the homogeneity assumption tends to underestimate the effectiveness of HOT lanes; and different policy objectives have significant influences on the HOT lane operations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Post-assessment of Port Resource Integration Effectiveness Based on Malmquist Index and Attribute Theory ZHAO Nan，ZHEN Hong 2015, 15(3): 214-221.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1527KB) ( )   Ports resource integration effectiveness is affected by multi- factors both in subject and object areas. The object of port integration is to optimize resource allocation, whose improvement is assessed quantitatively by using Malmquist index. Based on relativity between weight and index given by experts, attribute theory is adopted to assess the port resource integration capability index system. Since two models are complementary in assessing, it is more reliable to analyze port resource integration effectiveness by combining them both, which can reflect the bottleneck within the process as well. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carbon Emission Calculation for Urban Transport Based on Scenario Analysis of Traffic Structure LIU Shuang，ZHAO Ming-liang，BAO Cha-na，LIU Jing 2015, 15(3): 222-227.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1257KB) ( )   Along with the accelerating process of urbanization and motorization in China, while meeting the travel demand, the more reasonable traffic travel structure is required to improve the traffic environment. This paper calculates and analyzes the current situation of the urban traffic carbon emissions using various methods, discussing three kinds of development situations including the invariability, optimization and imbalance of traffic structure combined with the traffic structure optimization models aiming at low-carbon emissions. The results show that the average annual growth rates of urban traffic carbon emissions are 13.1% 、7.1% and 15.3% in different scenarios. The public transit is the main driving force for the optimization of traffic structure. Only the proportion of public transit rising constantly and the proportion of car trips being controlled, can the growth rate of the carbon emissions be reduced. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Volume Conditions of Setting Auxiliary Lane on Two-lane Highway CHENG Guo-zhu, ZHAI Lu-lu, QIN Li-hui, WANG Yu-xia 2015, 15(3): 228-233.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1284KB) ( )   In order to reduce traffic accidents and improve operating efficiency on two-lane highway, the concept of setting auxiliary lane on two- lane highway is proposed, and the traffic volume conditions of setting up auxiliary lane on two-lane highway are studied. Data is obtained through vehicle experiment on two-lane highway, and the relational model among the traffic conflict time, the traffic volume and the design speed on two-lane highway is established. Based on the established model, the different conditions of traffic volume of setting auxiliary lane on two-lane highway are obtained. It shows that auxiliary lane should be set when traffic volume is more than 495 veh/h/ln and 454 veh/h/ln respectively on two-lane highway with the design speed of 80 km/h and 60km/h. It isn’t recommend to set auxiliary lane on two-lane highway with the design speed of 40 km/h because the benefit is not obvious. References | Related Articles | Metrics