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25 February 2017, Volume 17 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Parking Specification and Intelligent Parking PENG Hong-qin，ZHANG Guo-wu 2017, 17(1): 2-7.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1084KB) ( )   It is of great significance to improve the planning and management of urban parking resources for smart city construction, promotion of urban comprehensive competitiveness and sustainable development of cities. It plays an important guiding role that The National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Housing and Urban- rural Development of the People’s Republic of China, and Ministry of Transport of the People’Republic of China etc. have issued the parking planning specification, information integration policy and construction requirements for using parking resources. The 45th conference of“Traffic and Transportation 7 + 1”sets its theme as“Parking Specification and Intelligent Parking”. Through the information integration management of‘one berth one code’, mobile communication technology and Internet technology are used in parking demand management. Static resources in urban parking realize dynamic management and real time utilization. These become one of the basic conditions for the construction of urban intelligent platform. Demonstration and promotion of multifunctional parking service in online and offline based on Internet+, proof that intelligent parking can play an important role in solving city parking problem and promoting the efficient use of parking resources. Intelligent parking is an effective way to utilize road resources and optimize urban traffic structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Allowing for Exogenous Policy Adjustment in Urban Low-carbon Travel Decision Model WEI Qing-qi, XIAOWei 2017, 17(1): 8-13.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1392KB) ( )   To make transportation policy effective, decision makers should consider the travel decisionmaking process of urban travelers. In order to understand the travel decision- making process, the characteristics of existing travel behavior influence factors and their influence mechanisms are analyzed based on social psychology. In this study, the relationships among context dependency, learning capacity and travel decision are explored, and the moderating effect of exogenous policy are incorporated into the research framework on the relationship among context dependency, learning capacity and travel decision. Based on a review of relevant researches, research propositions are proposed, and the theoretical model of the travel decision-making process is developed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rough Set Bidding Decision Method for Railway Construction Project LU Rui, LI Xue-wei, CHEN Yong-jun 2017, 17(1): 14-19.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1294KB) ( )   The projects that railway construction enterprise bid are usually in large scale, long duration, and technically challenging. Decision making process for project bidding is complicated and difficult. In this paper, profit and competitiveness upgrade are considered as two direct influencing factors in railway construction enterprise’s bidding decision making. Based on the principle of Boston matrix for project classification strategy, four perspectives are used to support bidding decision making in this paper: project description, environment impact, internal process and owner’s characteristic. Rough set model is employed to classify the project based on the four aspects. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to improve the rough set model. Case study results show that the SVM based rough set model has a better accuracy in classification. The proposed method would serve as a project selector for bidding. It would also make recommendations for railway construction enterprise. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Investment and Construction Decision-making Research of Tourism Highway Based on Prediction of Scenic Spot Tourist Flow SONG Chu-jun，LEI Ding-you，SHAN Yuan 2017, 17(1): 20-26.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1365KB) ( )   The construction of tourism highway can enhance the transportation accessibility and bring economic benefits to the tourist attractions, however, it should rely on mass investment. Due to the limitation of funds, the priority of investment of tourism highway should be determined based on the rate of return. The “tourism highway yield calculation model”can predict tourist flow of the tourist attraction under different transport conditions (whether to build or rebuild the tourist highway), quantitative analysis the influence of tourist flow caused by the construction of tourism highway, and then calculate the yield of different construction projects. The model based on the tourists’evaluation distribution curve of“tourism resource’s attraction”and“tourism resistance”in the tourist attraction, and hold the view that, visitors will choose the attraction which“tourism resource’s attraction”is greater than“tourism resistance”in their opinion. At the same time give an example of a county in the southwest in China, where make the decision for the county’s tourism highway construction projects. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Energy Rebound Effects of Transportation Sector in China HUANG Han 2017, 17(1): 27-31.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1137KB) ( )   To clarify the reasons of the rising energy consumption in China's transportation sector, this paper estimates the output elasticities of input factors and contribution of technical progress to output growth by using translog production function with the time- series data during 1991 to 2014 period, and then measures the rebound effects in China’s transportation sector. The research results show that: There are serious factors mismatch and efficiency loss in China’s transportation sector during sample period; There exists rebound effects as well as“back-fire”cases in China's transportation sector in only a few years; There isn’t energy rebound effect in China’s transport sector in most years for the reasons of without energy efficiency improvement or technical progress. The main reason for the rising of energy consumption in China’s transportation sector is the“high growth and high energy intensity”extensive pattern of growth. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regional Disparities and Influencing Factors of CO2 Emission in Transportation Industry LU Sheng-rong, JIANG Hui-yuan, LIU Yao 2017, 17(1): 32-39.  Abstract ( )   PDF (5703KB) ( )   Transportation industry is an important source of CO2 emission. According to panel data of Yangtze River Economic Belt (nine provinces and two cities) from 2005 to 2014, we measure the regional disparities of CO2 emission in transportation industry with Theil index from three aspects, such as CO2 emission per capita, per added value and per conversion turnover. Combining with the extended Kaya Identity, we analyze the influencing factors of CO2 emission in transportation industry by LMDI decomposition. The results show that there is obvious unbalanced distribution of CO2 emission in transportation industry of Yangtze River Economic Belt. The disparities of per capita and per conversion turnover are larger than that of per added value. Energy structure, energy consumption per added value and conversion turnover per GDP inhibit CO2 emission (inhabiting contribution rate: 1.72%, 56.6% and 41.68% respectively). Added value per conversion turnover, GDP per capita and population promote CO2 emission (promoting contribution rate: 7.99%, 88.99% and 3.02% respectively). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Informatization, Spatial Spillover Effect and Promotion of Productivity of the Logistics Industry ZENG Qian-lin,SUN Qiu-bi 2017, 17(1): 40-46.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1168KB) ( )   Using the spatial Durbin model, we examine the relationship between the level of information development and the total productivity of China’s logistics industry based on the panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China from 2004 to 2014. The results show that there is significant spatial correlation between them, and informatization positively affects the local logistics industry productivity and has significant spillover effects on neighboring provinces. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Supply and Demand Non-equilibrium Model of City Agglomeration Transportation System LI Cheng-bing 2017, 17(1): 47-53.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1197KB) ( )   Based on the imbalance between supply and demand which is common in current city agglomeration transportation, to research each feedback relation between traffic supply and demand, and reveals the dynamic relationship of them, this paper construct a non-equilibrium model of city agglomeration between traffic supply and demand. Firstly, According to the relationship between traffic supply and demand of city agglomeration, the connotation, research category and manifestation of city agglomeration traffic supply and demand balanced are cleared. Besides, the problem of city agglomeration transportation is divided into three aspects, which are the relation in single city of city agglomeration, the relation between city and city both of city agglomeration, and the relation between city agglomeration and outside, the computational method of traffic supply and demand of the city agglomeration are researched, according to the mechanism of the interaction of the two, a non-equilibrium model of city agglomeration between traffic supply and demand are constructed. Finally, according to the theory of stability of differential equation to solve this model, the balance conditions of traffic supply and demand are put forward, and an instance of Hubao’e agglomeration is given to verify the effectiveness and scientific nature of the model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Urban Public Transport Operation Financial Subsidy Allocation Based on the Traffic Flow LIANG Xi, RUAN Shi-hui 2017, 17(1): 54-59.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1179KB) ( )   At present, most cities in China adopt the methods of government and enterprises to negotiate and determine the policy subsidy to deal with the loss of public transport enterprises, but this method not only did not improve the operational efficiency of public transport enterprises, but also did not reduce the burden of government financial subsidies. Based on this situation, this paper takes the sum of the trend passenger flow of rail transport and the transfer passenger flow of road traffic to rail transit as the allocation of passenger flow which road transportation enterprises need to subsidize rail transport enterprises, by analyzing the passenger flow of road traffic and rail traffic. Using the resource allocation problem in economics, financial subsidies for public transport operators and financial subsidies for the transformation of public transport vehicles are regarded as two types of resources，and assigning it to the road traffic and the track traffic. Then with the traffic flow as constraint conditions, and according to the duality theory of linear programming, the shadow price of urban public transport operators financial subsidies is calculated; And jointing the allocation of passenger flow to build distribution of financial subsidies for urban public transport operation. Finally, taking the public transport in Chongqing as an example, the feasibility of the model is verified. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term Traffic Flow Forecasting of Road Network Based on GA-LSSVR Model CHEN Xiao-bo, LIU Xiang, WEI Zhong-jie, LIANG Jun, CAI Ying-feng, CHEN Long 2017, 17(1): 60-66.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2013KB) ( )   Currently, many short- term traffic flow forecasting methods just take into account either temporal correlation of historical data at the target road segment or spatiotemporal correlation between the upstream/downstream segments and the target one, thus ignoring complex spatiotemporal correlation from a more global viewpoint. Aiming at above problem, Least Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR) model optimized by a sparse hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is put forward for short term traffic flow forecasting. This model not only automatically optimizes the involved parameters, but also selects from high-dimensional traffic data a subset of spatiotemporal variables contributing to traffic flow forecasting. The experimental results show that in comparison with LSSVR model, the proposed method can improve the performance of traffic flow forecasting. Moreover, only a few of spatiotemporal variables are selected by this method, not only reducing the information redundancy but also enhancing the interpretability of the resulting model. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Flow Prediction Model Based on Neural Network in Small Time Granularity YAO Zhi-hong, JIANG Yang-sheng, HAN Peng, LUO Xiao-ling, XU Tao 2017, 17(1): 67-73.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1606KB) ( )   The traditional platoon dispersion model is based on the hypothesis of probability distribution, and the time granularity of the existing traffic flow prediction is too big to be applied to the adaptive signal timing optimization. In order to solve these problems, from the view of the platoon dispersion model, the relationship between vehicle arrival at the downstream intersection and vehicle departure from the upstream intersection is analyzed, then, a traffic flow prediction model based on neural network in small time granularity is proposed. The departure flow at the upstream is taking as the input and the arrival flow at the downstream intersection is taking as the output in this model, which has the time granularity of 5 s. Finally, the proposed model parameters are calibrated by the actual survey data, and this model is applied to predict the arrival flow of the downstream intersection. The results show that the proposed model can better reflects the fluctuant characteristics of traffic flow compared with Robertson model, and the prediction error is reduced by 8.3%. As a result, this result provides theoretical support for signal timing optimization. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of Urban Traffic Performance Index Considering Multiple Factors WEI Qing-bo,HE Zhao-cheng，ZHENG Xi-shuang，CHEN Chang-jia,YANG Jing-feng 2017, 17(1): 74-81.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1788KB) ( )   Based on studying the change rules of macroscopic urban traffic, and comprehensive consideration the factors on the impact of traffic, such as: weather, holidays, major activities other factors, this paper establishes a K-Nearest Neighbor traffic performance index prediction model for the next 3 hours and 24 hours (every 5 minutes). Taking the effect of all the related factors into account, the model designs the state vectors, distance calculation and the prediction calculation method, calibrates parameters of the model with historical data, and then the traffic performance index of mid-term and short-term can be predicted. The test result with the traffic performance index of Guangzhou proves the proposed model has ideal prediction on both normal and special days with strong practicability and maneuverability References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transition Probability and Prediction of Automobile Driver's Propensity under Three-lane Dynamic Conditions ZHANG Jing-lei,WANG Xiao-yuan,WANG Meng-sha, 2017, 17(1): 82-90.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1639KB) ( )   Driver’s propensity is a dynamic measurement of controller’s affection, preference and others on process of driving. It will shift with environment during driving, and also affects partly the states of driver’s consciousness and driving behaviors. On the other hand, its formation and transition probability are affected by the latter all the time. It plays a significant role for researching the active driving and auto-driving systems to reveal the transition probability exactly of vehicle group relationship in complex environment. Take three-lane condition as an example, data of driver’s propensity can be collected and analyzed through driving experiments in different environments from the angle of environmental change, especially from the angle of evolution of vehicle group relationship that reflect the complexity of traffic situation. Therefore, driver’s propensity transition probability can be revealed under the evolution of complex environment conditions. Verification results show that the predictive outcomes that gotten by transition probability are consistent with that of real-time recognition, the accuracy rate is more than 80%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Driver Behavior Recognition Based on Support Vector Machine ZHU Li-ling, LIU Lan, ZHAO Xin-peng, YANG Da 2017, 17(1): 91-97.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1561KB) ( )   From the viewpoint of the vehicle trajectory, driver behavior can be subdivided into the carfollowing behavior, lane- changing preparation behavior and lane- changing execution behavior. The three behaviors have a significant impact on traffic congestion and traffic safety, and are also the elemental modules of the automatic driving system and traffic simulation system. However, how to identify the three kinds of behavior from the real microscopic traffic flow data is a still unsolved problem. We propose a method of driver behavior recognition based on Support Vector Machine (SVM). The real vehicle trajectory data is used, which is normalized first and then processed using Principal Component Analysis. The grid search algorithm is adopted to find the optimal penalty factors and kernel parameters, and then the sample data is applied to train and test the proposed model. The results display that the accuracy of the model is 98.41%, which can identify the driver behavior with high performance and provide support for the research of driver behavior. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Coordinated Control Strategy for Multi-subarea Based on MFD in Urban Zonal Road Networks ZHANG Xun-xun, XU Hong-ke, YAN Mao-de 2017, 17(1): 98-105.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1723KB) ( )   To deal with the regional traffic congestion over large areas in urban zonal road network, a coordinated control strategy for multi-subarea based on the MFD is proposed to improve the effectiveness of the whole road network. The proposed strategy divides the zonal road network into multiple subareas, and the traffic flow of each subarea contains the internal flow and the transfer flow. By combining the two types of traffic flow together, the multi- subarea model for the entire road network is built based on the MFD. Meanwhile, the bounded constraints of the accumulations of the subareas are given. Then，a boundary feedback controller, which is realized by regulating the inputs of the subareas’boundaries, is designed to induce the transfer flow of the subareas dynamically. Moreover, the iterative analysis is made to judge whether it meets the boundary constraints, and the Lyapunov stability of the controller is analyzed. The simulation show that the accumulations of the subareas asymptotically converge to the set point and the average flow increases about 11% than the previous, such that the urban regional traffic congestion is relieved significantly. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Charging Behavior Analysis of Electric Logistic Vehicle Based on Data Driven 2017, 17(1): 106-111.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1584KB) ( )   In order to explore the charging behavior roles of the electric logistic vehicle users in the city distribution, this paper adopts the analysis methods in data mining to research on the state of charge (SOC) and charging time based on the data of charge and discharge of 70 electric logistic vehicles operating during 2014. Moreover, a charging behavior model is established. The results show that: most drivers tend to charge the electric logistic vehicle when the SOC ranges from 30% to 50% ; the remaining electricity before charging follows the normal distribution with the parameters are μ =0.48, σ =0.22; the charging time are mainly ranges from 14:00 to 16:00. The experimental results show that this charging behavior model has a high accuracy and good practicability, and provide scientific making decision support about charging dispatch with the enterprises as well as the charging schedule with the users. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Probability Analysis Model for CACC Vehicle-to-vehicle Communication in Internet Vehicle LU Li-li, ZHENG Peng-jun, REN Gang,WANGWei 2017, 17(1): 112-119.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2350KB) ( )   In order to successfully apply the cooperative adaptive cruise system to transportation, the key precondition is to ensure that the CACC vehicle on road can communicate with other vehicles within certain distance. The road can be discretized into uniform cells with the cellular automation concept. Based on it and the traffic flow theory, probability theory, a mathematical model is proposed to analyze the relations among the vehicle- to- vehicle communication probability and the market penetration rate of CACC vehicle, the traffic density (or occupancy), traffic speed, the time headway and the effective working distance of DSRC. The proposed model is tested by a large amount of numerical simulation experiments and real world traffic flow data obtained from the I880 freeway in California, USA. The results demonstrate that the our model is capable to estimate the vehicle- to- vehicle communication probability under the various traffic flow condition, different CACC vehicle market penetration rates and different DSRC effective distances, and will be the important basis of the application and propagation of CACC in the near future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization for Train Plan of Full-length and Short-turn Routing in Urban Rail Transit XU De-jie, MAO Bao-hua, LEI Lian-gui 2017, 17(1): 120-126.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1201KB) ( )   According to the properties of the full- length and short- turn routing mode in urban railway transit, we develop a multi- objective optimization model of train plan for a single transit line, where the objective functions are minimum passenger waiting time, running kilometers of rolling stocks, and operation time of trains, and the decision variables are frequencies, train formation plans (full- length and short- turn train), and positions of turn-back stations. The linear weighted method is applied to reduce the above model into a single objective model, then the controlled random search algorithm (CRS) is designed to solve it. The validity of the model is verified by a case, and the sensitivities of frequency of short-turn train and positions of turn-back stations are also analyzed. The results indicate that the full-length and short-turn routing mode can significantly reduce the spatial inequality of load factor and the total number of rolling stocks; the shorter length of short- turn routing is not conducive to the passengers, and it can not lead to a more saving of operator’s cost. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Urban Rail Transit Normal and Abnormal Short-term Passenger Flow Forecasting Method BAI Li 2017, 17(1): 127-135.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2993KB) ( )   Urban rail transit passenger flow characteristics show not only the periodicity, seasonal and normality peak, but also the difference and particularity because of holidays, sports events, urban large-scale events, emergencies, special weather and other factors. In this paper, we carry out the method and realization of more mature normal and poorly studied abnormal passenger flow prediction. Firstly, the general ARIMA time series prediction algorithm is used to analyze the sample history data to realize the normal daily passenger flow forecast. Then for the special factors of passenger flow, we not only put forward a combination model of time series and regression analysis, but also introduce dummy variables and similar daily sample data for further improvement. The scheme realizes the high precision solution of the abnormal prediction problem. The simulation results show that this method has good applicability for the short-term forecasting of passenger flow. In particular, the comparison between the abnormal- state improved combination and the single time series model with the same samples and forecast cycle shows that the improved model can be applied to passenger flow predictions including the inherent nature of time invariant and special factors which has strong adaptability and better prediction accuracy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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China High-speed Railway Transportation Network Reconfiguration Based on Complex Network Theory WANG Ying, HAN Bao-ming, ZHANG Qi, LU Kai 2017, 17(1): 136-142.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1844KB) ( )   Based on the complex network theory and L-space model, a high speed railway transport service network is constructed with the weight of the train number and the running time (the network consists of 525 stations and 2 666 trains). On this basis, the paper comparatively analyzes the two kinds of network and the role of junctions using complex network evaluation index factor of degree, strength and betweenness, and defines the different implications of two kinds of transport network. Then, fully considering the high-speed railway travel characteristics of Chinese passengers, the paper reconstructes China's high- speed railway transportation service network with the weight of the running time and hub city. And we focuses on analyzing the difference characteristics of the network and typical hub before and after the reconstruction using indexes of complex network. Finally, the reference scheme is proposed for the construction of the station division and the passenger transfer organization based on the analysis results. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scheduling Optimization of Intelligent Public Transport System Based on MAST PANG Ming-bao, CHEN Mao-lin, ZHANG Ning 2017, 17(1): 143-149.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1471KB) ( )   Based on the analysis of the facing problems for setting bus lines in urban suburbs and rural areas with less passenger demand and not balanced characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution, a scheduling system of intelligent public transport for urban suburbs and rural areas is designed by using mobile internet technology. Then the system structure and principle are introduced briefly, which consists of passenger information interacting module, data base, predicting module and scheduling decision supporting module. Moreover, the departure plan model and on- line scheduling updating model is established respectively. Genetic algorithm is adopted in the optimization course for solution. Finally, results based on historical information and booking information of public transport scheduling system show that the better public service level can be provided and the profit of public transport enterprise can be increased by using the proposed method. Furthermore, with the increase of proportion of booking passengers, the advantage of this mode is more obvious. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization Model of Bus Operation Plan Based on Hybrid Bus Sizes with Constraints on Vehicle Capacity ZHANG Si-lin, YUAN Zhen-zhou, CAO Zhi-chao 2017, 17(1): 150-156.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1454KB) ( )   The vehicle capacity is the important constraint of establishing bus operation plan. An optimization model is proposed for creating the bus timetables and sizing the buses, simultaneously. Based on different technical and economic properties, vehicle capacities and limited available number of heterogeneous buses, as well as the time-dependent characteristics of passenger flow demand, a binary nonlinear integer programming model is formulated to minimize the passengers’and operator’s cost. In accordance with the specialty of the model with multi-objective, enumeration method and genetic algorithm are applied to solve the frequency, departure time and dispatched order, respectively. At last, with the operation data of a bus line in Beijing, the created timetable combined with the corresponding bus type arrangement is competitive. The results suggest that the strategy of hybrid vehicle size is more economic compared to the traditional operation with only single bus type. Moreover, the passengers’cost can be reduced by 13.9% and the operator’s cost can be reduced by 3.5%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Network Scheduling Model and Its Solution Algorithm of Internet Customized Shuttle Bus LEI Yong-wei，LIN Pei-qun，YAO Kai-bin 2017, 17(1): 157-163.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2160KB) ( )   For Internet customized bus service model in the presence of route planning is not reasonable, lack of common model problems, K- mean algorithm is used to cluster the residents of real- time travel demand, based on constructed for Internet customized bus with the greatest demand service rate and minimum cost for the double target, its maximum capacity and passenger time threshold factors for the constraints of the dynamic scheduling model and for the fast solution of the model design parallel ant colony algorithm based on Hadoop platform. Taking Guangzhou city as an example, the real-time test validity of the model and algorithm. The results show that the proposed model and algorithm can be applied to the Internet customized bus service, has the positive significance to promote the "Internet plus transportation". References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Variable Neighbourhood Search for Public Transport Crew Scheduling PENG Kun-kun, SHEN Yin-dong 2017, 17(1): 164-170.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1142KB) ( )   Public transport crew scheduling is a process of partitioning blocks of vehicle work into a set of legal shifts, which is NP hard. The efficiency of many solving approaches is closely related to shift evaluation. In this paper, a TOPSIS shift evaluation method is proposed by tailoring TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution). Moreover, a crew scheduling approach based on Variable Neighbourhood Search (VNS) is presented, which tailors Variable Neighbourhood Search to sovle crew scheduling problem. In the VNS, the TOPSIS shift evaluation method is embedded to serve for shift evaluation during the scheduling process, and two compound neighbourhood structures with probability are designed, which considerably enhances search diversification and helps to escape from local minima. In addition, Simulated Annealing is employed for local search in the VNS. Computational experiments bases on 11 real- world crew scheduling problems in China show that the VNS outperforms two recently proposed solving approaches, and achieves results close to the lower bounds in terms of shift number. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Departure Interval Optimization of Electric Bus Rapid Transit Considering Level of Service WANG Xue-ran, LIUWen-feng, LI Bin, ZHANG Mo 2017, 17(1): 171-175.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1122KB) ( )   With the electric vehicles applied in the field of bus rapid transit, due to the special operational needs of charging or battery swap for electric vehicles, the traditional methods of departure interval optimization are no longer applicable. Considering the level of service and charging time constraints, this paper studies the departure interval optimization of electric bus rapid transit. Firstly, the service level evaluation system associated with energy consumption is established by analyzing the correlation between service level indexes and energy consumption; secondly, considering the level of service and charging time constraints, the departure interval optimization model is established by setting energy consumption as the objective function; finally, taking line 1 of Jinhua E- BRT as an example to examine the effect of the optimization model, the optimization results demonstrate that compared with the current operation plans the energy consumption is saved by 6.21% under the premise of the same level of service. Therefore, the departure interval optimization method of electric bus rapid transit considering level of service established in this paper has certain practical significance and provides an important guidance for reducing the energy consumption under a certain service level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Commuters’Time Use Study for the Exploration of Social Inclusion WANG Xian-wei, YANG Dong-yuan 2017, 17(1): 176-182.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1546KB) ( )   Based on the perspective of social inclusion, and under the environment of urban renewal, this paper selects two residential zones in Shanghai, of which Gucun is located in the suburb and Dahua in urban area. Using a time use survey data, the time use patterns of commuters are compared, difference tested according to residential zones and groups classified by different house acquisition types, and the activity participation level are evaluated for each group. The results show that the difference of time use characteristics is not obvious between two whole residential zones, however, when house acquisition type is distinguished the difference among groups appears significant. In particular, the commuters who relocated from city in Gucun suffer the most commuting duration, while they still participate in out-of-home recreation activities by high level, and further analysis indicate that the development of public facilities near the residential zone and the accessibility of the subway support the demand of out-of-home recreation activities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two-phase Algorithm for Containership Sequencing and Bin Packing Problem LI Jun, ZHANG Yu, JI San-you, TIANWei 2017, 17(1): 183-190.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1417KB) ( )   Sequencing and bin packing problem (SBPP) is a kind of typical combinatorial optimization problem including containership loading sequence problem (CLSP) and slot plan problem (SPP). The mathematical model of SBPP is established considering the relationship between CLSP and SPP. As the existing methods are hardly used to optimize SBPP, SWO-HES two-phase algorithm is designed based on the two-phase hierarchical solving method. CLSP is optimized based on the large neighborhood guiding search characteristic of squeaky wheel algorithm (SWO). Then the heuristic evolutionary strategy algorithm (HES) is designed based on evolutionary strategy (ES) and heuristic rules to optimize SPP with the result of SWO as input. Finally, through the research of different scale examples, SWO-HES is contrasted with common optimization algorithm and heuristic algorithm based on actual loading rule to verify the model and algorithm. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Re-handling Strategies for Import Containers Based on Partial Truck Arrival Information in Container Terminals ZENG Qing-cheng, LI Hou-yuan, WU Ping 2017, 17(1): 191-198.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1643KB) ( )   During the import container retrieval progress, this is unproductive but unavoidable re-handling work if truck arrivals are a stochastic process, as the truck arrival sequence seldom matches the container storage sequence. This paper proposes a minimum re-handling heuristic algorithm for container pickup process, based on the principle choosing the stock which expected re-handling is minimum as the location, in order to analyze the effect of container re-handling problem and to optimize the re-handling strategy under different levels of information. Through the computer simulation, the results demonstrate that the proposed re- handling strategies can substantially reduce the number of re- handling under incomplete arrival information. According to different levels of information, taking appropriate strategy, can more effectively reduce re-handling operation and improve the productivity of container yard. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Liner Refueling Strategy Based on Ship Speed Adjustment XING Yu-wei，HUANG Tao，YANG Hua-long 2017, 17(1): 199-204.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1383KB) ( )   Fuel costs take up a large proportion of total costs in liner operation. Refueling decision is an important issue, which affects the costs and benefits in the liner operation of shipping companies. Based on ship speed adjustment strategy, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model on refueling is established, aiming at minimizing total liner operating costs. The fuel consumption function is linearized using the piecewise linear approximation method. Algorithm steps are devised to solve the proposed model. Example analysis verifies the effectiveness of the model and solving method. The result shows that it is better for liners to reduce ship speed in the case of low demand in shipping market. Taking flexible bunkering port selection strategy and relaxing the time window restrictions of arriving at port can reduce fuel costs more effectively. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flow Inequality of Freeway Network Based on Gini-coefficient DAI Hong-na, YAO En-jian, LIU Sha-sha, ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Bo 2017, 17(1): 205-211.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1759KB) ( )   Expressway shows the inequality of flow distribution, under the influences of network structure, economic development level along the freeway, and so on. This study presents an approach to calculate the unbalance of flow distribution by Gini- coefficient. It has important significance for fully mastering flow distribution pattern and improving overall operation efficiency of network. First, Freeways flow distribution models of multi vehicles are constructed to obtain the travel route choice probability and section traffic. Second, comprehensively considering freeway network topology, travel route choice behavior and traffic flow, the properties of freeways with flow distribution are constructed to reflect importance of nodes or links in freeways. Next, Gini- coefficient is applied to analyze flow distribution non- equilibrium of freeway network. Finally, the paper has example analysis based on the regional freeway network and toll data in Shandong Province. The results show that the proposed method by Gini- coefficient is flexible to analyze flow distribution non-equilibrium of freeways in different space. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Public Bicycle Multilevel Partition Scheduling Method XU Jian-min, QIN Xiao-ran, MAYing-ying 2017, 17(1): 212-219.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2334KB) ( )   The restriction problem of public bicycle system (PBS) development is scheduling delay, so that its service level cannot meet users’demand. From aspects of time and spatial distribution, the relationship between demand pattern and land type of public bicycle station is analyzed. A multilevel partition scheduling method is creatively proposed which is divided into three levels: upper-level scheduling region, scheduling cell and PBS station. Based on the detailed analysis of the hierarchical partitioning process and related parameters, a multi-objective optimization scheduling model with time window combined with virtual cell is presented to solve the problem of inter-cell scheduling. And also the optimal path model of scheduling within cell is built. The pattern of inter- cell flexible scheduling and inner- cell semi- deterministic scheduling is formed. The case study shows that the method is workable. It is significant in reducing the blindness and improving scheduling efficiency, as well as decreasing unnecessary time of detour and congestion and ensuring the timely scheduling during peak hours. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Traffic Sign Recognition Based on Pyramid Histogram Fusion Descriptor and HIK-SVM LIU Ya-chen, CHEN Yue-peng, ZHANG Sai-shuo, XIAO Wen-chao 2017, 17(1): 220-226.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1472KB) ( )   A recognition method is proposed based on the fusion of the spatial pyramid descriptor and the histogram intersection kernel support vector machine (HIK-SVM) on the identification of traffic signs. The appearance, color and contour information of traffic sign characteristics are described by extracting descriptor of gray pyramid histogram of visual words (Gray- PHOW), color pyramid histogram of visual words (Color-PHOW) and pyramid histogram of edge orientations gradients (PHOG) in this method. Spatial distribution of various features of the images can be well described by extracting the descriptor of the spatial pyramid histogram. Integrated them after extracting the spatial information of the image in terms of appearance, color, contour profile and feature, then strong robustness is embodied in space pyramid feature with integrated style. After the integrated feature is sent to HIK-SVM for training and classification, very high recognition rate could be achieved. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect Analysis of Vehicle TDM on Urban Road Network Operation Based on System Theory ZHANG Peng, LEI Fang-shu, ZHANG Xiao-song, ZHU Guang-yu 2017, 17(1): 227-234.  Abstract ( )   PDF (2005KB) ( )   In existing researches, network models consisted with links need to be built for the analysis of travel demand management(TDM), where there are some problems, including high complexity, difficult to calibration, lack of mechanism analysis. Several system-level elements and a theoretical model are proposed that describes the relationship between the elements. Based on it, the mechanism of the effect of TDM on road network operation is studied, and a general control model of TDM is proposed. Total quantity restriction of travel times, staggered shifts and travel distance restriction are taken as examples for simulating the proposed model. Results show that the proposed methodology provides an efficient theoretical frame for the analysis of TDM, and has broad prospect in application of traffic operation analysis and simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Travel Ban Scheme of Cars Based on the Spatial Distribution of the Last Digits in Their Number Plates YANG Zhong-zhen, CHEN Dong-xu 2017, 17(1): 235-240.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1717KB) ( )   Based on the principle of fairness, a method is proposed to calculate OD matrix according to spatial distribution of the last digits of the number plates. Then an optimization model on of travel ban scheme of cars is established. The UM(Upper Model) aims to minimize the total travel time in weekday and ensure that the travel time per vehicle during the morning peak is similar in each weekday and each last digits of the number plates should not be banned more than once a week. The LM (Lower Model) assigns traffic flows according to UE (User Equilibrium). The optimization scheme given by UM determines the OD matrix in LM while the traffic flows in LM affects travel time in UM. The travel ban scheme of cars with minimal total travel time can be found out by the interaction between the UM and LM. To verify the model, we set city D as a case, the results show that compared to travel ban scheme of cars based experience, the optimization scheme improves the traffic efficiency by 5.35% , decreases the total travel time of 5 weekdays (from Monday to Friday) by 0.894×105 hours and decreases the average daily travel time by 4.5 minutes per vehicle. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation and Analysis on Impacts and Evacuation during the Process of Fire on Metro Platforms CHEN Shao-kuan, DI Yue, SHI Rong-dan, LI Jing,WANG Bo 2017, 17(1): 241-248.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1450KB) ( )   The investigation on the development features and law of a fire on platforms is crucial to ensure operational safety and efficient evacuation for metro operation. The study employs the simulation software Pyrosim to investigate a fire on metro platforms, mainly focusing on the characteristics of smoke diffusion and the effects on a fire process from the varieties of hate release rate, fire number and positions and smoke exhaust rate in different scenarios. The evacuation scenarios considering different ventilation strategies are also investigated and analyzed due to evacuation time and velocity. The results for this study are able to support the emergency measures and evacuation during a fire on metro platforms. References | Related Articles | Metrics