关键词: 公路运输, 车队替换, 双层规划, 氢能重卡, 列和约束生成算法

Abstract: Replacing the powertrain of conventional heavy trucks with hydrogen fuel cell is an important approach to achieve the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in road transportation. How the government formulate reasonable policies to promote enterprises to accelerate the replacement and how enterprises choose the optimal replacement strategy are two urgent problems to be solved. This paper proposes a mixed integer bi-level programming model considering factors such as carbon reduction target, enterprise costs and government policies for the fleet replacement problem. The government is set as the upper-level decision maker, with the goal of minimum total carbon emissions of the fleet, and the enterprise is the lower-level decision maker with the goal of maximum total cost of the fleet. Taking a transportation enterprise as an example, the planning period was set as 5 years and the fleet size was 50 vehicles. The column and constraint generation algorithm and Gurobi solver were used to calculate the optimal annual carbon emission ceiling of the government and the optimal replacement strategy of the enterprise fleet. The sensitivity analysis of emission tax, emission subsidy and purchase subsidy was carried out. The results show that there is a minimum threshold of emission tax, and whether the threshold is reached is the main factor that affects the decision of whether to replace vehicles. Based on this, setting emission subsidy can further promote enterprises to increase the number of vehicles to replace. In addition, appropriate adjustment of purchase subsidy according to government budgets can increase the proportion of vehicle replacement by enterprises, which is practical to reduce the carbon emissions.

Key words: highway transportation, fleet replacement, bi-level programming, hydrogen fuel cell heavy truck, column and constraint generation algorithm